Justification of energy efficiency of the use of a trigeneration system for a compressor station

Today, the efficiency of transportation of natural gas is of paramount importance. Within this framework, the design and operation of compressor stations are a key factor significantly influencing the operating costs of gas transmission companies. Such conditions are characterized by a growing level of complexity, not only the choice of gas compression technology, but also the integration of systems due to energy needs, including electricity, heat, and cooling. The problems associated with fossil fuel prices, resources and environmental impact have led to increased efforts to develop more efficient systems in recent decades. One way to do this is to create several outlets in one system, which are the simultaneous generation of energy, heat, and cooling from the combustion of natural gas. The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for the implementation of innovative trigenerative optimization of the compressor station. At the same time, as part of the study, an exergy analysis was applied, which is aimed at assessing the energy efficiency of the selected trigenerative system. The data obtained indicate the possibility of not only introducing the adopted trigenerative configuration, but also of its individual elements to improve the energy efficiency of the system as a whole.

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More Effective Control for Centrifugal Gas Compressors Operating in Parallel

Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Process Industries ◽

10.1115/86-gt-204 ◽

1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naum Staroselsky ◽

Lawrence Ladin

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Major Elements ◽

Large Energy ◽

Effective Control ◽

Compressor Station ◽

Level Of Automation ◽

Definition Of

Parallel Operating centrifugal gas compressors are major elements in the chemical industry, in oil production and in natural gas gathering, injection, separation, transmission and LNG production. Large energy savings, reduced repairs and improved automation are possible with more effective solutions for compressor station control. The authors suggest an improved definition of compressor energy efficiency. They analyze several common approaches to control of parallel compressors and evaluate them in terms of energy efficiency, stability of control, equipment protection and level of automation. An improved system developed by one of the authors will be described theoretically and with an example from field operation.

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Performance Enhancement of Nitrogen Dual Expander and Single Mixed Refrigerant LNG Processes Using Jaya Optimization Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13123278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 3278

Author(s):

Ali Rehman ◽

Muhammad Abdul Qyyum ◽

Ashfaq Ahmad ◽

Saad Nawaz ◽

Moonyong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Design Optimization ◽

Lower Energy ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Small Scale ◽

Exergy Destruction ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Design Variables

The nitrogen (N2) expander and single mixed refrigerant (SMR) liquefaction processes are recognized as the most favorable options to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) at small-scale and offshore sites. These processes have a simple and compact design that make them efficient with respect to their capital costs. Nevertheless, huge operating costs, mainly due to their lower energy efficiency, remains an ongoing issue. Utilization of design variables having non-optimal values is the primary cause for the lower energy efficiency; which, in turn, leads to exergy destruction (i.e., entropy generation), and ultimately the overall energy consumption is increased. The optimal execution of the design variables of LNG processes can be obtained through effective design optimization. However, the complex and highly non-linear interactions between design variables (refrigerant flowrates and operating pressures) and objective function (overall energy consumption) make the design optimization a difficult and challenging task. In this context, this study examines a new optimization algorithm, named “Jaya”, to reduce the operating costs of nitrogen dual expander and SMR LNG processes. The Jaya approach is an algorithm-specific parameter-less optimization methodology. It was found that by using the Jaya algorithm, the energy efficiency of the SMR process and nitrogen dual expander natural gas (NG) liquefaction process can be enhanced up to 14.3% and 11.6%, respectively, as compared to their respective base cases. Using the Jaya approach, significant improved results were observed even compared to other previously used optimization approaches for design optimization. Results of conventional exergy analysis revealed that the exergy destruction of SMR and N2 dual expander process can be reduced by 17.4% and 14%, respectively. Moreover, economic analysis identified the 13.3% and 11.6% relative operating costs savings for SMR and N2 dual expander LNG processes, respectively.

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Steam system optimization of an industrial heat and power plant

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci200403284f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (6 Part A) ◽

pp. 3649-3662

Author(s):

Risto Filkoski ◽

Ana Lazarevska ◽

Daniela Mladenovska ◽

Dejan Kitanovski

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Power Plant ◽

Natural Gas ◽

District Heating ◽

Heating System ◽

Operating Costs ◽

District Heating System ◽

Significant Potential ◽

Efficiency Measures ◽

Steam System

Improvement of the energy conversion processes efficiency helps to achieve a more reliable energy supply, a cleaner environment, more competitive businesses, and higher living standard. Industry data indicate significant potential for improving the efficiency of steam systems and minimizing their operating costs by implementing various measures. The present work is a result of a systematic approach for energy performance analysis and identification of opportunities for optimizing the steam-condensate system of the combined heat and power plant ESM Energetika, Skopje, North Macedonia. The boiler plants provide superheated steam used in a hot-water station for the district heating system, for electricity generation, and as process steam for industrial customers. As the main operating costs of the plant stem from the natural gas consumption, the implementation of a set of energy efficiency measures will lead to its reduction, accompanied by less environmental impact. As a result of the system analysis, a number of energy efficiency measures have been identified. For each measure, the impact on individual parts of the system, as well as on the system as a whole, is evaluated using the steam system modeller tool. This paper elaborates some of the identified measures that are considered more reliable from an operational and financial aspect, mainly focused on steam production for the district heating system. Based on a conservative approach, significant potential for savings of natural gas, electrical energy, and treated water is estimated, which will lead to annual financial savings of about 245000 Euro.

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Application of exergy analysis for improving energy efficiency of natural gas liquids recovery processes

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 967-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jihoon Shin ◽

Sekwang Yoon ◽

Jin-Kuk Kim

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Exergy Analysis ◽

Recovery Processes

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A Case Study of the Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle at a Natural Gas Compression Station

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13102447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2447 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rafał Kowalski ◽

Szymon Kuczyński ◽

Mariusz Łaciak ◽

Adam Szurlej ◽

Tomasz Włodek

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Model Development ◽

Organic Rankine Cycle ◽

Brayton Cycle ◽

Compressor Station ◽

Gas Compression ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Efficiency Indicators

Heat losses caused by the operation of compressor units are a key problem in the energy efficiency improvement of the natural gas compression station operation. Currently, waste heat recovery technologies are expensive and have low efficiency. One of these technologies is organic Rankine cycle (ORC) which is often analyzed in scientific works. In this paper, the authors decided to investigate another technology that allows for the usage of the exhaust waste energy—the supercritical Brayton cycle with CO2 (S-CO2). With a thermodynamic model development of S-CO2, the authors preformed a case study of the potential S-CO2 system at the gas compressor station with the reciprocating engines. By comparing the values of selected S-CO2 efficiency indicators with ORC efficiency indicators at the same natural gas compression station, the authors tried to determine which technology would be better to use at the considered installation. Investigations on parameter change impacts on the system operation (e.g., turbine inlet pressure or exhaust gas cooling temperatures) allowed to determine the direction for further analysis of the S-CO2 usage at the gas compressor station. When waste heat management is considered, priority should be given to its maximum recovery and cost-effectiveness.

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Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3810

Author(s):

Alessandra Cantini ◽

Leonardo Leoni ◽

Filippo De Carlo ◽

Marcello Salvio ◽

Chiara Martini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Cement Plant ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Industrial Energy ◽

Industrial Energy Consumption ◽

Alternative Solutions

The cement industry is highly energy-intensive, consuming approximately 7% of global industrial energy consumption each year. Improving production technology is a good strategy to reduce the energy needs of a cement plant. The market offers a wide variety of alternative solutions; besides, the literature already provides reviews of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in a cement plant. However, the technology is constantly developing, so the available alternatives may change within a few years. To keep the knowledge updated, investigating the current attractiveness of each solution is pivotal to analyze real companies. This article aims at describing the recent application in the Italian cement industry and the future perspectives of technologies. A sample of plant was investigated through the analysis of mandatory energy audit considering the type of interventions they have recently implemented, or they intend to implement. The outcome is a descriptive analysis, useful for companies willing to improve their sustainability. Results prove that solutions to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as compressors, engines, and pumps are currently the most attractive opportunities. Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research.

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Advanced exergy analysis of an electricity-generating facility using natural gas

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 146-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Emin Açıkkalp ◽

Haydar Aras ◽

Arif Hepbasli

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Exergy Analysis

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Gas Compressor Service With Turbo Compressors

2004 International Pipeline Conference, Volumes 1, 2, and 3 ◽

10.1115/ipc2004-0183 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Sidney Pereira dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Operating Cost ◽

Gas Pipeline ◽

Feasibility Analysis ◽

Economic Approach ◽

Compressor Station ◽

Centrifugal Compressors ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Service Contracts ◽

Gas Compression ◽

Capital Intensive

Gas pipeline projects are capital intensive and normally are developed under scenarios of uncertainty. Such uncertainties vary from closing take-or-pay, ship-or-pay or delivery-or-pay agreements to those uncertainties related to the acquisition of equipments, material and construction and assembling contracts. Natural gas compression service contracts with compressor station using gas motors and reciprocating compressors have been widely adopted at PETROBRAS as economically feasible against holding the stations as part of the pipeline asset as well as providing an effective approach to mitigate risks inherent to the gas business and associated to the compressor stations. Although compression service contracts with turbo compressors (gas turbine drivers and centrifugal compressors) have not yet been accomplished at PETROBRAS for gas pipeline projects, studies and preliminaries discussions shows that, taken into consideration certain relevant aspects, they will also present great opportunity to be adopted and will generate the same advantages already perceived for the compression service contracts with stations that uses gas motor drivers and reciprocation compressors. This paper has the objective of presenting an economic approach and a business model addressing the main points that must be considered while doing feasibility analysis between the alternatives of holding property of the compression station asset against the opportunity of having a compression service contract as operating cost for the project. Questions such as how to address depreciation, overhaul costs and tailor made equipment, such as centrifugal compressors, are raised and answered.

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