Globalization, poverty, and hyperdevelopment in Papua New Guinea's mining sector

Focaal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (46) ◽  
pp. 128-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Banks
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Better Than

The size and dramatic impact of the large-scale mines of Melanesia make a useful case study of the effects of economic globalization on local communities, particularly in terms of poverty and inequality. In the context of debates concerning globalization and poverty, this article examines the processes around large-scale mining at both the national and local scales. It argues that the issue of scale is critical to discussions of the links between poverty and globalization, with no evidence that large-scale mining has reduced poverty at the national level in Papua New Guinea over the last thirty years. Evidence is given from the Porgera mine of the effects of mining development at the local scale, with absolute poverty down but inequality increasing. Ethnographic detail helps to situate these processes in the dynamics of the local society. It is these locally grounded attributes that account for the production of inequality far better than generalized accounts of the 'culture of globalization'.

scholarly journals An Approach to Understand Rural Advisory Services in a Decentralised Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Lamontagne-Godwin ◽  
Peter Dorward ◽  
Irshad Ali ◽  
Naeem Aslam ◽  
Sarah Cardey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Government Organisation ◽  
National Workshop ◽  
Crop Health

As populations increase, so do the challenges in feeding the world. Rural Advisory Services (RAS) contribute positively to food security by ensuring rural populations have access to vital knowledge increasing yields and rural incomes. For historical reasons however, national RAS have often developed into complex networks of stakeholders which can confuse, and even in some cases provide conflicting advice. In order to improve internal and external knowledge of an advisory service, this article investigates the benefits and limitations of an approach that combines qualitative and quantitative stakeholder perception activities at a local and national level. Local and national workshops were held using focus group and open fora techniques in order to portray and visualise a crop health advisory system in Pakistan, a dynamic and complex case study. The approach manages to expose key differences between local and national perceptions of a crop health RAS: whilst both local and national workshop participants decidedly agree on the importance of local (provincial and district level) extension departments, local perceptions clearly identified the strength and value of private sector and community level interactions. At the national workshop, interpretations of ground level activities were vague, yet their mentions of microcredit initiatives, large scale Non-Government Organisation activities and semi-autonomous institutions demonstrate knowledge at a different scale. This approach demonstrates the value of an accessible methodology to measure and understand RAS. Whilst this approach is a key component in assessing the system’s dynamism prior to any future development initiative, it needs to refine its integration of gendered perceptions.

scholarly journals The Role of Moral Outrage on the Impeachment of Garut Regent in 2012-2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayat Sardini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Action ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The People ◽  
State Actors

Moral and political are two things that cannot be separated. The marriage of a regent in Garut regency, Indonesia, with an underage girl eventually leads to community action, where people demand the regent to resign from his position as a regional head. It was not even four days of marriage the regent had divorced his young wife via a short message from his own mobile phone. Therefore, the people of Garut suddenly expressed their wrath through a large-scale demonstration which pushedthe Local House of Representative immediately to process the regent’s removal. This research utilized a qualitative approach with a case-study method, the data in this research relied on the practice of in-depth interviews, observations, and documentaries. This research succeeded to observe that the general factor which underlying the action of demonstration in Garut which demanded the resignation of the regent was caused by the political climate change of democratization in the national level which also impacted Garut Regency. The national politicalclimate change increased the unconventional public participation in Garut and provided political sphere for non-state actors to establish political-involvement balance between state actors and non-state actors themselves. In other hand, the specific underlying factor on this case is the regent’s behavior which was judged as the act of dishonorable humiliation on women’s dignity, especially his speech in some national television channels. The power of this study lies on its novelty, filling in lubrication and study originality, towards the moral and ethical behavior as the new object on Social Movement.   

scholarly journals A Feature-Based Analysis for Time-Series Classification of COVID-19 Incidence in Chile: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7080
Author(s):  
Christopher Flores ◽  
Carla Taramasco ◽  
Maria Elena Lagos ◽  
Carla Rimassa ◽  
Rosa Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Better Than

The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a current challenge for the world’s health systems aiming to control this disease. From an epidemiological point of view, the control of the incidence of this disease requires an understanding of the influence of the variables describing a population. This research aims to predict the COVID-19 incidence in three risk categories using two types of machine learning models, together with an analysis of the relative importance of the available features in predicting the COVID-19 incidence in the Chilean urban commune of Concepción. The classification results indicate that the ConvLSTM (Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory) classifier performed better than the SVM (Support Vector Machine), with results between 93% and 96% in terms of accuracy (ACC) and F-measure (F1) metrics. In addition, when considering each one of the regional and national features as well as the communal features (DEATHS and MOBILITY), it was observed that at the regional level the CRITICAL BED OCCUPANCY and PATIENTS IN ICU features positively contributed to the performance of the classifiers, while at the national level the features that most impacted the performance of the SVM and ConvLSTM were those related to the type of hospitalization of patients and the use of mechanical ventilators.

Flattening the major oil spill response resources deployment: A case study of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 300098
Author(s):  
Jiang Yao ◽  
Cao Wei ◽  
Wang Yaobing
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Short Time

The major marine oil spill accidents are frequently occurred in recent years. The major marine oil spill emergency should command by the national level department. Because of the command of the accident involves many departments, and the accident situation is complex, to command the accident have many difficulties and problems. And the deployment of emergency resources is a vital part of the emergency command. The spill response resources have different categories, which belong to different industries, different departments of government at all levels, therefore, to achieve effective deployment of large-scale resources in a short time have much higher difficulty. Thus, this poster used flat management theory to solve the problem of emergency resources deployment in China. To optimized the major oil spill emergency command system, and base on this, gave the suggestions of the resources deploy mode. In this way, the deployment of resources procedures could be simplified, to achieve rapid deployment of resources.

scholarly journals DNA Transnational Data Journeys and the Construction of Categories of Suspicion

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Machado ◽  
Rafaela Granja
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Nous Montrons ◽  
Nous Examinons ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Shape Data ◽  
The Eu

Background  Systems for large-scale data exchanges are playing a pivotal role in the governance, surveillance, and social control of criminality in different parts of the world.Analysis  This article explores the case study of the Prüm system, which is a technological system for the exchange of DNA data among several European Union (EU) countries. Making use of the concept of data journeys, it addresses how the transnational exchange of DNA data in the EU implicates the construction of categories of suspicion.Conclusion and implications The article shows how supranational- and national-level notions and attitudes over the ownership of data shape data journeys, and it discusses the societal implications of datafication and emerging data justice issues.Contexte Les systèmes d’échange de données à grande échelle jouent un rôle central dans la gouvernance, la surveillance et le contrôle social de la criminalité dans différentes régions du monde. Analyse  Dans cet article, nous prenons l’étude de cas du système Prüm, qui est un système technologique permettant l’échange de données d’ADN entre plusieurs pays de l’Union européenne (UE). En utilisant le concept de trajets de données, nous examinons comment l’échange transnational de données d’ADN dans l’UE implique la construction de catégories de suspicion. Conclusion et implications  Nous montrons comment les trajets de données sont façonnés par des notions et attitudes supranationales et nationales sur la propriété des données et discutons des implications sociétales de la communication des données et des nouveaux problèmes émergents de justice des données.

scholarly journals Strategies for Structural and Energy Improvement in Mid-Rise Unreinforced Masonry Apartment Buildings. A Case Study in Mestre (Northeast Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8819
Author(s):  
Luca Sbrogiò ◽  
Carlotta Bevilacqua ◽  
Gabriele De Sordi ◽  
Ivano Michelotto ◽  
Marco Sbrogiò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
National Level ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Gravity Load

Two-thirds of the Italian building stock was already built by the 1970s, largely according to gravity load design and using economical materials and poor workmanship. Currently, the structures, fixtures, and fittings of these buildings have reached the end of their service life, and they require both an assessment and an update to meet new standards and new needs. As an example of a common type, this article deals with the assessment of the present state and the proposal of an integrated structural and architectural intervention on an existing brick masonry mid-rise apartment building in the suburbs of Venice, Northern Italy. The structural analysis highlights a moderate vulnerability, despite the low seismic hazard, and the energy analysis indicates that the highest management costs are due to heating and sanitary uses. Low-impact strategies are preferred for each aspect of the required interventions. Their costs are counterbalanced by (a) the reduction to a fifth of the present management costs; (b) a 20% average increase in the economic value of the flats; and (c) a favorable tax regime at the national level. Transformed into parametric values, also useful for large scale analyses, these costs resulted in a sustainable monthly instalment from the owners, who may also benefit from the increased quality of the place where they live.

The potential of filtered water in the restaurant industry: A case study in Barcelona

2021 ◽  
pp. 146735842110487
Author(s):  
Oriol Anguera-Torrell ◽  
Álvaro E. Arrieta-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water ◽  
Better Than

Bottled water entails an environmental sustainability challenge, and the restaurant industry is a large-scale contributor to this problem as it seems to be reluctant, at least in some countries, to substitute tap water for bottled water. There are two plausible reasons for this; one is that the industry might assume that customers prefer bottled water, mainly because of its taste, and the second is that restaurateurs may be unwilling to forgo the high economic margin from bottled water sales. In this context, filtered water may represent a solution as it is a greener option than bottled water and tastes better than tap water. However, does it represent a satisfying taste option for diners? Moreover, are restaurant consumers willing to pay for filtered water? Given the importance of the answers to these questions, this study proposes to examine whether there are differences between filtered and bottled mineral water regarding their expected and actual taste and customers’ willingness to pay. To this end, this study employed three different experimental groups in an actual fine-dining restaurant in Barcelona. The results show that consumers derive a positive payoff by drinking a more environmentally sustainable option and may even be willing to pay for filtered water. However, there is still room for improvement in filtering systems in regard to the taste of water. These results entail important managerial implications for the restaurant industry since it can become more environmentally sustainable without losing economic profits.

scholarly journals A Technical and Policy Case Study of Large-Scale Rescue and Redistribution of Perishable Foods by the “Leket Israel” Food Bank

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Philip ◽  
Smadar Hod-Ovadia ◽  
Aron M. Troen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Government

Background: Food banks seeking to rescue and redistribute highly nutritious perishable foods to simultaneously alleviate food insecurity and reduce food waste often encounter practical, ethical, and political dilemmas. Objectives: We present a case study of “Leket Israel,” an Israeli food bank that uses an effective large-scale logistical model for the rescue and redistribution of perishable food and discuss the challenges and solutions it offers. Results: The organization operates in a rich country plagued with poverty and inequality, where the government passively encourages nongovernmental organizations to respond to the serious and growing problem of food insecurity. Operating under a business-to-business model, Leket Israel distributes food via intermediary nonprofit organizations (NPOs), enriching the food they provide with fresh produce. Food is obtained through an Agricultural Gleaning project, Self-Growing Farm project, and Meal Rescue project. The partnering NPOs then distribute the food to people in need. Although the rescue and redistribution of highly perishable food is more costly and complex than acquiring, storing, and distributing dried and staple foods and it requires specialized knowledge and infrastructure in order to maintain rigorous safety standards, it improves the nutritional quality of the aid. In 2015, Leket Israel distributed 15 217 389 kg of food, 90% of which was fruit and vegetables, to 180 partnering NPOs nationwide, reaching an estimated 175 000 recipients. Conclusion: “Leket Israel” offers a valuable model that can be studied and emulated by international nutrition scientists, practitioners, and policy makers who are seeking to reduce food insecurity and food waste in other countries.

scholarly journals 'Glocalization' versus Notions of Decoupling: A Critical Appraisal of the Impact of Global Economics on National Economic Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Michael Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Community ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Economic Development Plan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Discussing modes of political and/or economic decoupling in an era of economic globalization seems almost contradictory as the dominating keywords in the latter are increasing integration, interdependency and harmonization. For example, when looking towards the political realm it seems problematic to suggest that a nation-state can opt for a withdrawal from the global community in order to nurture its domestic potential. Likewise, when looking towards the economic realm, it seems even more problematic to suggest the possibility of a national economy withdrawing from the global economy, taking an increasing internationalization of domestic markets into account. Nonetheless, there is a discourse devoted to just that, namely whether or not to decouple economically and politically from the global community. The present article explores this discourse by first taking a critical look at the concept of decoupling. It then proceeds by presenting a different approach towards the study of the relationship between the global and national level by introducing the notion of triangulation. It is argued that the relationship between economic globalization, national economics and a given societal context in which the two former are embedded, is governed by various layers of interdependency. This means that one cannot solely focus on one point in the triangle and thus decouple, so to speak, the other two in order to understand, for example, the political or economic forces at play there. According to the argument forwarded in this article, one has to take all three points in the triangle into account in order to disentangle and thus understand the complex web of interdependency among the three. To illustrate the workings of this approach, a case study of the ramifications of a newly initiated national economic development plan in Malaysia is introduced. The article ends by returning to the decoupling discourse to re-examine it in the light of the findings from the case study.

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