Women and children together and apart

AbstractIn what ways, and to what effects, are proliferating temporalities of appropriation in financialized capitalism transforming or transformed by those of social reproductive labor? More specifically, how are woman-child relations affected when social reproduction becomes a site of immediate, not just indirect, capital accumulation through relations of debt? To answer these questions, we take up species-being as the labor relation that anchors socially necessary labor and links women and children by attending to three temporal modalities of accumulation via social reproductive labor: scholarization, (re)familization, and debt servicing. We argue that differentiated tempos in the appropriation of surplus value, operating to “fix” contradictions between capital's short- and long-term interests, are critical sources of tension between women and children in the meeting of needs. Producing and mapping divergent rhythms of appropriation on to different groups may both link diverse women and children, and put their interests at odds.

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Time-Dependent Changes in Excitability After One-Trial Conditioning of Hermissenda

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.3460 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 3460-3464 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Terry Crow ◽

Vilma Siddiqi

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Control Group ◽

Type B ◽

Control Groups ◽

Phototactic Behavior ◽

Parallel Processes ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

A Site ◽

Different Levels

Crow, Terry and Vilma Siddiqi. Time-dependent changes in excitability after one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3460–3464, 1997. The visual system of Hermissenda has been studied extensively as a site of cellular plasticity produced by classical conditioning. A one-trial conditioning procedure consisting of light paired with the application of serotonin (5-HT) to the exposed, but otherwise intact, nervous system produces suppression of phototactic behavior tested 24 h after conditioning. Short- and long-term enhancement (STE and LTE) of excitability in identified type B photoreceptors is a cellular correlate of one-trial conditioning. LTE can be expressed in the absence of STE suggesting that STE and LTE may be parallel processes. To examine the development of enhancement, we studied its time-dependent alterations after one-trial conditioning. Intracellular recordings from identified type B photoreceptors of independent groups collected at different times after conditioning revealed that enhanced excitability follows a biphasic pattern in its development. The analysis of spikes elicited by 2 and 30 s extrinsic current pulses at different levels of depolarization showed that enhancement reached a peak 3 h after conditioning. From its peak, excitability decreased toward baseline control levels 5–6 h after conditioning followed by an increase to a stable plateau at 16 to 24 h postconditioning. Excitability changes measured in cells from unpaired control groups showed maximal changes 1 h posttreatment that rapidly decremented within 2 h. The conditioned stimulus (CS) elicited significantly more spikes 24 h postconditioning for the conditioned group as compared with the unpaired control group. The analysis of the time-dependent development of enhancement may reveal the processes underlying different stages of memory for this associative experience.

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STUDIES ON CHANGES OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION IN A HUMAN BODY BY MEANS OF ANALYSES OF LONG HAIRS BASED ON THE STANDARD-FREE METHOD

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083509001709 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (01n02) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. SERA ◽

K. TERASAKI ◽

T. SASAKI ◽

S. GOTOH ◽

Y. SAITOH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Elemental Concentration ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Rapid Changes ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

History Of ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Women And Children ◽

Daily Changes

We established and reported two years ago the original methods for evaluating daily changes of elemental concentration in a body by means of a standard-free method for powdered beard samples daily taken with electric shaver. It was found that the method is quite useful for investigating short- and long-term changes of elemental concentration in a body. However, the method for beard analysis is applicable only to men. In order to estimate daily changes of elemental concentration in a body for women and children, a new method which allows us to quantitatively analyze hair samples cut into 1 mm pieces has been developed and applied to three long hair samples taken from three persons. It is found that the method enables us to estimate both long- and short-term changes in elemental concentration in a body as well as beard analysis. It is found that sulfur keeps almost constant over a long period, and arsenic shows very rapid changes with a few days' period, while mercury shows only long-term changes with the period of a few months. These behaviors are almost the same as those observed in beard analyses. On the other hand, bromine shows a certain seasonal changes; its concentration shows a certain trend of increasing in summer and decreasing in winter. Lead and calcium show very long-term changes, and the behavior of strontium is quite similar to that of calcium. The method is expected to give us information about history of changes in elemental concentration in a human body over a few or more years. It is expected that the behavior of arsenic showing rapid elevation within a few days can be explained as a response to intakes of arsenic-rich foods. It is expected that the method gives us a clue to the identification of the main pathways of human exposure to certain toxic elements.

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Cesarean section: More than a maternal health issue

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1003792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. e1003792

Author(s):

Marleen Temmerman ◽

Abdu Mohiddin

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Health Effects ◽

Health Issue ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Women And Children

A cesarean section (CS) can be a lifesaving intervention when medically indicated, but it may also lead to adverse short- and long-term health effects for women and children.

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Athletic Labor and Social Reproduction

Journal of Sport and Social Issues ◽

10.1177/0193723519850879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 515-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nathan Kalman-Lamb

Keyword(s):

Social Reproduction ◽

High Performance ◽

Late Capitalism ◽

Great Cost ◽

Sociology Of Sport ◽

Reproductive Labor ◽

Spectator Sport ◽

Sports Fandom ◽

Marxist Analysis ◽

Social Reproductive Labor

This article connects the exploitation experienced by athletic laborers to sports fandom by theorizing athletic labor as a form of social reproductive labor. The work of athletes in high-performance spectator sport contributes to the affective reproduction of spectatorial subjects required by capitalism, albeit at a great cost to the laboring athlete. This intervention advances Marxist scholarship on the sociology of sport by extending the literature on social reproduction and labor into an entirely new and necessary sphere. Framing athletic labor as a form of social reproduction reveals that high performance spectator sport is more central to the political economy of late capitalism than is often understood and that sport is a more exploitative and dehumanizing site of labor even than conventional Marxist analysis has suggested.

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Antarctica’s Gateways and Gatekeepers: Polar scenarios in a polarising Anthropocene

The Anthropocene Review ◽

10.1177/20530196211026341 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 205301962110263

Author(s):

Bob Frame ◽

Yelena Yermakova ◽

Patrick Flamm ◽

Germana Nicklin ◽

Gabriel De Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Change ◽

Medium Term ◽

Global Order ◽

National Interests ◽

Science And Policy ◽

Gateway Cities ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

A Site ◽

Global Imaginary

As the short to medium-term social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic dominate world issues, longer-term environmental and geopolitical concerns remain of great concern. However, the appetite for tackling complex transdisciplinary anthropogenic change processes may be receding rather than accelerating. In this essay, we propose that Antarctica, the continent of peace and science, a place that assumes a role as the global imaginary Other, where short- and long-term horizons co-exist, is a site where signs of global regeneration in the Anthropocene should be clear. To provoke discussion, we imagine two scenarios set in the five Gateway Cities of Antarctica to 2050. In the ‘Gatekeepers’ scenario, there is a fragmented global order with minimal unregulated behaviour based on narrowly defined national interests; in the ‘Gateways’ scenario, values-based partnerships generate novel institutional arrangements. By contrasting these polar opposites as a performative act, we highlight the need for future-making at the interface between science and policy.

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Reproduction and Resistance

Historical Materialism ◽

10.1163/1569206x-12341473 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 87-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Jane Hall

Keyword(s):

Social Reproduction ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Primary Site ◽

Indigenous Women ◽

Capitalist Production ◽

Northern Canada ◽

Subsistence Production ◽

A Site ◽

The Way

In Northern Canada, Indigenous mixed economies persist alongside and in resistance to capital accumulation. The day-to-day sites and processes of colonial struggle, and, in particular, their gendered nature, are too often ignored. This piece takes an anti-colonial materialist approach to the multiple labours of Indigenous women in Canada, arguing that their social-reproductive labour is a primary site of struggle: a site of violent capitalist accumulation and persistent decolonising resistance. In making this argument, this piece draws on social-reproduction feminism, and anti-racist, Indigenous and anti-colonial feminism, asking what it means to take an anti-colonial approach to social-reproduction feminism. It presents an expanded conception of production that encompasses not just the dialectic of capitalist production and reproduction, but also non-capitalist, subsistence production. An anti-colonial approach to social-reproduction feminism challenges one to think through questions of non-capitalist labour and the way different forms of labour persist relationally, reproducing and resisting capitalist modes of production.

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From nationalist communitarianism to fragmentary neoliberalism: Japan’s crisis of social reproduction

Capital & Class ◽

10.1177/0309816819880796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 637-652

Author(s):

Myles Carroll

Keyword(s):

Social Reproduction ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Job Security ◽

Market Reform ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Welfare Regime ◽

Labor Market Reform ◽

Economic Stagnation ◽

Work Model

This article explores elements of contemporary Japan’s long-term and deep-rooted organic crisis. It is a crisis with various inter-related components, including a long-term economic crisis that has now spanned nearly three decades, a political crisis that brought about significant upheaval and discord, particularly in the 1990s and 2000s, and a cultural crisis characterized by widespread popular anxiety over the future, all without any clear alternative in sight, echoing Gramsci’s understanding of organic crisis as conditions under which ‘the old is dying and the new cannot be born’. This article considers how conditions of social reproduction have been affected by the crisis. It argues that efforts to restore conditions for profitable accumulation pursued in the wake of economic stagnation in the 1990s and 2000s, including labor market reform, led to the decline of what Mari Miura has called Japan’s ‘welfare-through-work’ model of welfare, and the emergence of a new employment and welfare regime that provides little job security for a growing number of workers has led to a disconnect between conditions deemed necessary for capital accumulation and those necessary for stable and progressive social reproduction, prompting a crisis of social reproduction.

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Experience with Short and Long Term Courses of Local Adrenal Steroid Therapy For Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(62)80117-6 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 669-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jean A. Spencer ◽

Joseph B. Kirsner

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Steroid Therapy ◽

Adrenal Steroid ◽

Short And Long Term

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Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.7.1.20 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert ◽

Mariéthoz ◽

Pache ◽

Bertin ◽

Caulfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

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