Mapping Biotechnology: From Epistemic Artifacts to Geographies of Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Michael S. Carolan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Genomic Sciences

This article maps key epistemological and ontological terrains associated with biotechnology. Beginning with the epistemological, a comparison is made between the scientific representations of today, particularly as found in the genomic sciences, and the scientific representations of the past. In doing this, we find these representations have changed over the centuries, which has been of significant consequence in terms of giving shape to today's global political economy. In the following section, the sociopolitical effects of biotechnology are discussed, particularly in terms of how the aforementioned representations give shape to global path dependencies. By examining the epistemological and ontological assumptions that give shape to the global distribution of informational and biological resources, this article seeks to add to our understanding of today's bioeconomy and the geographies of control it helps to create.

A Decade After the Asian Financial Crisis: Regionalism and International Architecture in a Globalized World

Asian Survey ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asian Regionalism ◽  
Globalized World

The China-driven rise of Asia to the center of the global political economy since the Asian financial crisis under systems of political economy manifestly different from those of the Washington Consensus poses a challenge that has been met by neither helter-skelter Asian regionalism nor by American strategic inattentiveness of the past decade.

scholarly journals Thinking Marginally: Ethno-Historical Notes on the Nature of Smuggling in Human Societies

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tagliacozzo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract This essay examines a range of issues at stake in the transgression of political boundaries across a spectrum of human societies. The aim of the article is not to catalogue a vast series of boundary-crossing actions, but rather to suggest what some of the main characteristics and variables are of contrabanding across frontiers. An attempt will be made to briefly define the problem of illicit facilitation across borders, as different theorists have delineated this issue in different ways. A brief discussion will ensue on the nature of border space itself, as such spaces have been conceptualized by a range of scholars who have thought about this issue for quite some time. The nature of sources on this problem will be quickly interrogated, as the sources of reporting on illicit facilitation vary widely, and different sources impart divergent kinds of information on this topic. A brief foray into a few historical examples of cross-border facilitation will be provided, to show how contemporary contexts of this issue are connected (or sometimes disjointed) from similar notions in the past. I will then give some sense of the broad variety of global experiences of illicit facilitation, as this act is undertaken across the width and breadth of the planet on an everyday basis. I will conclude with a discussion of two interesting regional theatres – Africa and Southeast Asia – where some of these processes can be seen in more detail. I argue in this essay that it is only by looking at smuggling through a number of different vantages that we have any chance of describing this practice as a crucial component of the global political economy.

scholarly journals Unavoidability of Sino-American rift: History of strategic decoupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Anis H Bajrektarevic
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Theory

Does our history only appear overheated, while it is essentially calmly predetermined? Is it directional or conceivable, dialectic and eclectic or cyclical, and therefore cynical? Surely, our history warns (no matter if the Past is seen as a destination or resource). Does it also provide for a hope? Hence, what is in front of us: destiny or future? Theory loves to teach us that extensive debates on what kind of economic system is most conductive to human wellbeing is what consumed most of our civilizational vertical. However, our history has a different say: It seems that the manipulation of the global political economy (and usage of fear as the currency of control) – far more than the introduction of ideologies – is the dominant and arguably more durable way that human elites usually conspired to build or break civilizations, as planned projects.

scholarly journals Contemplating the future

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
International Context ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Challenges

This chapter concludes. It outlines the contours of change to recapitulate the essentials of the transformation in Asia, and highlights the major analytical conclusions that relate to contemporary debates on development. It considers prospects, in terms of opportunities and challenges, for countries that have led the process so far and for those that might follow in their footsteps. It reflects on the future, with reference to the past, to speculate how the changed international context, and new challenges on the horizon, might shape, or be influenced by, development in Asia over the next twenty-five years, addressing specific questions. Do recent changes in the global political economy have any longer-term implications for Asia? What is the likely impact of the profound technological changes on the horizon for development in Asia? How would the leading industrialized countries respond or adjust to the erosion of their economic dominance and political hegemony? Is this going to be an Asian century?

Sozial-räumliche Dynamiken der Agrartreibstoffe.

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (184) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz ◽  
Bettina Engels ◽  
Oliver Pye
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Global Political Economy

This article explores the spatial dynamics of agrofuels. Building on categories from the field of critical spatial theory, it shows how these categories enable a comprehensive analysis of the spatial dynamics of agrofuels that links the macro-structures of the global political economy to concrete, place-based struggles. Four core socio-spatial dynamics of agrofuel politics are highlighted and applied to empirical findings: territorialization, the financial sector as a new scale of regulation, place-based struggles and transnational spaces of resources and capital flows.

The Political Economy of Local Governance in Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Benoit Challand ◽  
Joshua Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Self Rule

This paper provides an historical exploration of local governance in Yemen across the past sixty years. It highlights the presence of a strong tradition of local self-rule, self-help, and participation “from below” as well as the presence of a rival, official, political culture upheld by central elites that celebrates centralization and the strong state. Shifts in the predominance of one or the other tendency have coincided with shifts in the political economy of the Yemeni state(s). When it favored the local, central rulers were compelled to give space to local initiatives and Yemen experienced moments of political participation and local development.

The Anarchical Society and a Global Political Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W. Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
Hedley Bull ◽  
Systemic Crises ◽  
Complex Capacity

If Hedley Bull came back today and revised his most famous book, he would likely devote a chapter to the economic forces that transformed our world during the past four decades. Among other systemic changes, the radical unleashing of finance and the partial return of a pre-1914 economic ideology justifying open and integrating capital markets might surprise an advocate of the virtues of the states system. But by following Bull’s reasoning, his model of empirical observation, and his underlying moral sensibilities—as well as suggestions from his constructive critics—this essay traces the emergence since the late 1970s of a variegated global capacity to assess systemic financial risks, design collaborative policies to prevent systemic crises, and manage them when they nevertheless occur. The challenge of deeply legitimating that nuanced and complex capacity remains, which, as Bull anticipated, means that considerations of justice must soon be addressed.

Mapping Power

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Political Economy Analysis

Electricity is critical to enabling India’s economic growth and providing a better future for its citizens. In spite of several decades of reform, the Indian electricity sector is unable to provide high-quality and affordable electricity for all, and grapples with the challenge of poor financial and operational performance. To understand why, Mapping Power provides the most comprehensive analysis of the political economy of electricity in India’s states. With chapters on fifteen states by scholars of state politics and electricity, this volume maps the political and economic forces that constrain and shape decisions in electricity distribute on. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it concludes that attempts to depoliticize the sector are misplaced and could worsen outcomes. Instead, it suggests that a historically grounded political economy analysis helps understand the past and devise reforms to simultaneously improve sectoral outcomes and generate political rewards. These arguments have implications for the challenges facing India’s electricity future, including providing electricity to all, implementing government reform schemes, and successfully managing the rise of renewable energy.

The Political Economy of Post-Independence India—A Review Article

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Balance Of Forces ◽  
The Third World

Economists and political scientists have become increasingly interested in the political economy of India during the past decade and particularly during the past three or four years. The titles under review will be valuable not only to India specialists but also to comparative scholars because of the intriguing mix of conditions found in India. More like a continent than a country in its diversity, India is in some ways very similar to densely populated, predominantly rural and agricultural China, differing most perhaps in the obstinacy and depth of its poverty. In the predominant role played by the state within an essentially capitalist economy, it is closer to the model of Western social democracies than it is to either prominently ideological capitalist or socialist nation-states; like other countries in the “third world,” the state in India plays a highly interventionist developmental role. Finally, since Independence it has pursued, more successfully than most nation-states in Latin America and Asia, policies of importsubstituting industrialization and relative autarchy. In terms of its political structures, India differs from most newly industrialized countries (NICs) in that it generally continues to function as a parliamentary democracy. The federal political system creates an intriguing balance of forces between central and the regional state governments, which are often ruled by opposition parties with agendas, ideologies, and organizational structures quite different from those of the central government.

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