scholarly journals Study of cherry agrobiological and biochemical values depending on the breeding method

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Upadysheva ◽  
S. M. Motyleva ◽  
D. V. Panishcheva ◽  
M. E. Mertvischeva
Keyword(s):  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Cherry Trees

In 2018–2020, in the Federal Research Centre of Horticulture in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region, a research study into the growth, production and biochemical processes of ungrafted and grafted cherry trees was performed. The planting plan was 5×2.5 m, the age of the trees — 17-19 years. Three varieties of cherries (Rusinka, Volochaevka, Apukhtinskaya), grafted on clonal rootstock (AVCH-2, Moskoviya Izmailovskiy) and own-root, propagation-grown by herbaceous cuttings, were selected as the study objects. Biochemical studies involved determining the total antioxidant status of the alcoholic extract, the chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids content, the total of phenolic compounds, rutin and quercetin in the leaves. The study aimed to assess the agrobiological and biochemical parameters of grafted and own-root cherry varieties and to identify the optimal growing technique for promising ones. It was found that the variety, rootstock and breeding method influenced the growth and development of cherry trees. The linear and radial growth improved for the trees grafted on the AVC-2 and Moskoviya rootstocks and the height and crown volume thinned for the own-root trees and in those grafted on the Izmailovskiy rootstock. Depending on the variety, stock and growing technique of seedlings, the productivity of trees ranged from 3.5 (Rusinka, own-root) to 11.6 kg/tree (Apukhtinskaya, own-root). The advantage of own-root trees compared to grafted ones was revealed for Apukhtinskaya and Volochaevka varieties. The Rusinka variety showed the highest productivity when grafted on the Izmailovsky rootstock (5.5 kg/tree). To increase the yield per garden when cultivating the Apukhtinskaya and Volochaevka varieties, it is beneficial to use own-root seedlings grafted on the Moskoviya and Izmailovskiy rootstocks. For the Rusinka variety, the optimal result can be achieved when growing seedlings grafted on the Izmailovsky rootstock. The biochemical studies allowed the influence of rootstock on the photosynthetic, antioxidant systems and the synthesis of phenol compounds in the cherry leaves to be determined. It was shown that the antioxidant activity and the accumulation of phenol compounds in the leaves were the highest for the own-root plants of the most winter-hardy Rusinka variety and the Rusinka/Izmailovskiy graftedrootstock combination. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were the highest in the leaves of the Apukhtinskaya variety own-root trees, Apukhtinskaya/Izmailovskiy and Rusinka/Izmailovskiy grafted-rootstock combinations with increased productivity. Notably, the biochemical values decreased for all varieties grafted on the AVC-2 rootstock.

Antioxidant status of blood in patients with vibration disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Malyutina ◽  
A. F. Bolotova ◽  
R. B. Eremeev ◽  
A. Zh. Gilmanov ◽  
D. Yu. Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Introduction. The overwhelming number of publications contains only data on the content of individual antioxidants, but not on the overall antioxidant activity of the blood in patients with vibration disease.The aim of the study was to determine the total antioxidant activity of blood serum in patients with vibration disease.Materials and methods. Th e main group consisted of 30 people diagnosed with “Vibration disease” of 1 degree (n=21) and 2 degrees (n=9). Th e control group consisted of 30 clinically healthy men, comparable in age with the main group (p=0.66). Th e total activity of antioxidant systems of blood plasma was evaluated photometrically using the test system “Total antioxidant status-Novo” (“Vector-best”, Russia).Results. The indicator of the total antioxidant status (TAS) was 1,038±0.232 mmol/l in the examined main group, against 1,456±0.225 mmol/l in the examined control group (p<0.000001). Th e coefficient of variation (CV) in patients with vibration disease was 22.35%, 1.45 times higher than in the control group (15.45%). In the main group there was a positive correlation between age and TAS (R=0.525), in the control group there was no such relationship (R=0.095). Th e degree of decrease depended on the severity of vibration disease.Conclusions. 1. The development of vibration disease is accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum. 2. Th e degree of decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum correlates with the severity of vibration disease. 3. Reduction of TAS can serve as a pathogenetic justification of the need to include drugs and/or biologically active additives with antioxidant activity in therapy

scholarly journals Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Narandžić ◽  
Mirjana Ljubojević ◽  
Jovana Ostojić ◽  
Goran Barać ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract Severe climate alterations that seriously challenge fruit production, combined with the demand for healthy, pesticide-free fruits, continuously direct rootstock/cultivar selection towards high adaptable varieties breeding. This study aimed to investigate the rootstocks’ influence on the performance of grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees, including potentially dwarfing Prunus cerasus, Prunus fruticosa and Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidates. Anatomical properties of rootstock and scion stems were investigated to determine variation among different rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations and to establish the link between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential. Cross-section anatomical characteristics varied significantly both in rootstock and scion stems, indicating a clear influence of rootstock genotype on grafted sweet cherry trees. It was observed that all investigated cherry rootstock candidates belong to the low-vigorous rootstocks, based on the estimated effective crown volume of grafted trees compared to ‘Gisela 5’, with values ranging from 0.86 to 2.97 m3 in the fifth year after planting. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential, with correlation coefficients up to 0.96. Significantly higher effective crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductance of trees grafted on P. cerasus compared to the trees on control, as well as highest yielding potential, showed better adaptation of these rootstock candidates in the trial without irrigation implemented. It was found that PC_05_04 rootstock candidate could be considered as the most appropriate choice when raising the high-density sweet cherry plantations, due to assessed parameters of vegetative and generative growth.

Methyl salicylate treatments of sweet cherry trees increase antioxidant systems in fruit at harvest and during storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Valverde ◽  
M. José Giménez ◽  
Fabián Guillén ◽  
Daniel Valero ◽  
Domingo Martínez-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Cherry Trees

scholarly journals Results of a Study of the Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Different Grafting Combinations of the Apple Cultivar ‘Krista’

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Toivo Univer ◽  
Neeme Univer ◽  
Krista Tiirmaa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Horticultural Research

Abstract Long-term field trials with the apple cultivar ‘Krista’ on different vegetative rootstocks were held at the Polli Horticultural Research Centre (58°07`N, 25°32`E) in Southern Estonia in 2005-2015. Trees were grafted on 13 rootstocks: M26, M27, P59, E75, B9, B396, B491, MTT1, Supporter 1, Supporter 2, Supporter 3, Supporter 4, and MM106. The apple cultivar ‘Krista’ is well suited for growing in the climatic and soil conditions of Estonia. The cultivar performs best on vegetative rootstocks that are well-adapted to the Estonian climate: MM106, E75, B396, M26, M27, and P59. The rootstocks Supporter 1, Supporter 2, Supporter 3, and Supporter 4 did not turn out to be suited for growing in Estonia. The trees grafted on rootstocks MM106, E75, MTT1, and M26 grew taller, had a bigger crown spread and crown volume. In dense orchards with the planting scheme 4 × 1.5 m, trees with a smaller crown diameter may be grown on rootstocks MM27, P59, and Supporter 4. During the trial, the largest yields were harvested from trees grafted onto rootstocks MM106, MTT1, B396, M26, E75, and B9. Some rootstock combinations appeared to be positively related to average fruit weight in some years, but the same cannot be concluded for the whole duration of the trial.

scholarly journals Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Antioxidant Capacity and Nucleotide Metabolites in Saliva

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Dominika Cichońska ◽  
Oliwia Król ◽  
Ewa M. Słomińska ◽  
Barbara Kochańska ◽  
Dariusz Świetlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

The balance between reactive oxygen species production and the activity of antioxidant systems present in saliva is an important element in maintaining oral environment homeostasis. E-cigarettes adversely affect the oral cavity and their cytotoxic effect is related to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of using electronic cigarettes on antioxidant capacity of saliva. The study involved 110 subjects (35 e-cigarettes users, 33 traditional cigarettes smokers and 42 non-smokers). Laboratory analysis involved quantitation of uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, TAOS (total antioxidant status) and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) in saliva. Lower values for TAOS and TEAC were observed among e-cigarettes users and traditional cigarettes smokers in comparison to non-smokers. Uric acid concentration tended to be higher among e-cigarettes users while no differences in hypoxanthine and xanthine saliva concentrations were observed. Electronic cigarettes usage affects antioxidant capacity of saliva to the same extent as traditional cigarettes, when comparing smokers to non-smokers. Further longitudinal studies on a larger study group are needed to assess the effect of changes in antioxidant status on oral health.

Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
M. C. Buhrer ◽  
R. A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Fine Structure of Rat Liver Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
And Control

Hypophysectomy of the rat renders this animal deficient in the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, thus causing many primary and secondary hormonal effects on basic liver functions. Biochemical studies of these alterations in the rat liver cell are quite extensive; however, relatively few morphological observations on such cells have been recorded. Because the available biochemical information was derived mostly from disrupted and fractionated liver cells, it seemed desirable to examine the problem with the techniques of electron microscopy in order to see what changes are apparent in the intact liver cell after hypophysectomy. Accordingly, liver cells from rats which had been hypophysectomized 5-120 days before sacrifice were studied. Sham-operated rats served as controls and both hypophysectomized and control rats were fasted 15 hours before sacrifice.

Effects of the pseudomonad phytotoxin coronatine on tomato leaf structure and ultrastructure

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 862-863
Author(s):  
D.A. Palmer ◽  
C.L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure

Coronatine is a non-host-specific phytotoxin produced by several members of the Pseudomonas syringae group of pathovars. The toxin acts as a virulence factor in P. syringae pv. tomato, allowing the organism to multiply to a higher population density and develop larger lesions than mutant strains unable to produce the toxin. The most prominent symptom observed in leaf tissue treated with coronatine is an intense spreading chlorosis; this has been attributed to a loss of chlorophylls a and b in tobacco. Coronatine's effects on membrane integrity and cell ultrastructure have not been previously investigated. The present study describes changes in tomato leaves in response to treatment with purified coronatine, infection by a coronatine-producing strain of P. syringae pv. tomato, and infection by a cor" mutant.In contrast to H2O-treated tissue, coronatine-treated tissue showed a diffuse chlorosis extending approximately 5 mm from the inoculation site. Leaf thickness, cell number, and cell dimensions were similar for both healthy and coronatine-treated, chlorotic tissue; however, the epidermal cell walls were consistently thicker in coronatine-treated leaves (Figs, la and lb).

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