scholarly journals RADIATSIONNYI REGIME OF SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF SIBERIA IN CONDITIONS OF VARIOUS INTENSITY OF CHEMICAL USE AND PROLONGED AFTEREFFECT CHEMICAL RECLAMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
P. M. Orlov ◽  
V. G. Sychov ◽  
N. I. Akanova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Th 16 ◽  
Radiation Exposure Dose

Presents the results of radiation monitoring local soils agricultural land in Siberia. At the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation appreciated the power of gamma radiation exposure dose (MJeDG), technotronic and content of natural radionuclides in different types of soils in Siberia. Set MJeDG change within 8.0–12.2 mcr/h, 137Cs content in the range of 4.3–9.9 Bq/kg, 90Sr-1.0–5.4 Bq/kg, 226Ra-15–37 Bq/kg, 232Th-16–40 Bq/kg. Comparison with similar parameters obtained, characterizing the radiation situation in soils of agricultural land in Russia. MJeDG, the content of 90Sr and content of natural radionuclides in soils of Siberia correspond to those for Russia. Content of 137Cs in soils in –2.6 1.7 times, in crop production in –2.3 1.6 times lower than in Russia. Content of natural radionuclides in soils of Siberia close to the contents in the soils in Russia on average and the planet. According to local monitoring radiation situation in agricultural fields.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

scholarly journals Bird communities in a degraded forest biodiversity hotspot of East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Mulwa ◽  
Mike Teucher ◽  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Jan Christian Habel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Small Forest

AbstractTropical forests suffer severe habitat destruction. Thus, tropical forests frequently consist today of only a few small remnants that are often embedded within a matrix of agricultural fields and tree plantations. Forest specialist species have experienced severe population declines under these circumstances. We studied bird communities based on census plots set up in a near-natural forest block, as well as degraded forest patches, tree plantations, and agricultural fields, across the Taita Hills in southern Kenya. We classified each bird species according its ecology and behavior. We quantified the land cover and landscape configuration around each census plot. Typical forest species were mainly observed in the near-natural forest block, and to a lower extent in degraded forest patches. Plantations were almost devoid of birds. Bird communities of small forest fragments were more similar to that of agricultural land than the near-natural forest block. Most frugivorous, insectivorous and nectarivorous birds occurred in forest habitats, while granivorous bird species dominated the bird communities of agricultural land. The surrounding landscape had a marginal impact on bird species composition at local sites. Our study showed that the preservation of near-natural cloud forest, including small forest patches, is essential for the conservation of forest-dependent species, and that plantations do not serve as surrogate habitats.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Tara A. Ippolito ◽  
Jeffrey E. Herrick ◽  
Ekwe L. Dossa ◽  
Maman Garba ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Using Data

Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.

RATING SCORE OF TECHNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF CROP PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Е. А. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leguminous Crops

In order to identify the technological level of crop production development in the federal districts of the Russian Federation a rating assessment of technological efficiency was carried out using the methodological approach of calculating the Technological Efficiency Index for the period from 2016 to 2020. Each federal district has a rating based on the calculated indices in statics and dynamics for the main crops are cultivated in the country, including grain and leguminous crops, corn for grain, sugar beet, soy, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries. As a result, of the conducted research were obtained the rating assessment for the dynamic index of technological efficiency taking into account the calculation of the average indicator for 2016-2020, the growth rate and the prevailing technological features of the district as of 2020. The obtained results of the rating assessment allowed us to identify the five federal districts of the leaders in the technological efficiency of crop production in Russia. This rating approach can be used in relation to various territorial units and is adapted to any agricultural crops.

Non-Chernozem land: problems and ways of rational use

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
G. A. Polunin ◽  
V V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
European Part ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Land Economic

The results of scientifi c research on the state of agricultural land use in the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the European part of the country are considered in this article. The paper consists of data on distribution of currently unused arable land; the area of land plots in common shared ownership, the boundaries of which are not available in the Real Estate Cadastre; information about especially valuable productive agricultural land; economic prerequisites for the use of land by agricultural producers on the basis of lease or ownership, as well as changes over the past fi ve years in sown areas, the productivity of arable land in farms of all categories, data on the level of profi tability of agricultural organizations, unprofi table agricultural organizations etc.

scholarly journals Development of basic approaches to creating hardware and software for radiation monitoring information systems

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Dosimetric System ◽  
Monitoring Information

Basic approaches to creating hardware and software for radiation monitoring information systems have been developed in the article. A modern information system for radiation monitoring and control that requires a comprehensive approach and an iterative process of its creation has been developed. The proposed approach to integrating local measuring devices with cloud services, using M2M/IoT technology for remote measurements, advanced semiconductor sensors based on CdTe and CdZnTe radiation detectors, modern microcontroller and communication microchips is highly promising. Developed hardware and software solutions demonstrate increased accuracy due to hardware and software correction of measurement results. A variant of the architectural solution for building a platform for remote access to dosimetric and radiometric measurements is being developed. The solution lies in the direction of improving the parameters of detectors, as well as the characteristics of electronic modules of detecting systems and creating software for controlling the detection process, collecting and digital processing of information, and its adequate presentation to users online. The architecture and structural diagram of a dosimetric system, a sequence diagram, a diagram of a dosimetric system with a subsystem for data exchange over the Internet have been created. A new algorithm for measuring the exposure dose rate of ionizing radiation has been proposed. The block diagram of a microcontroller dosimeter has been developed. The algorithm for correcting the dependence of the sensitivity of the detector based on CdZnTe on the energy of the detected gamma quanta has already been proposed. The algorithm significantly reduces the uncertainty of measuring the radiation dose rate. The architecture and block diagram of the dosimetric system with the possibility of remote access and remote control of the main functions has been presented as well. The calculation of the exposure dose of gamma radiation and the power of the exposure dose with the energy dependence correction have been used. The system elements have proved to be useful for students’ distant laboratory work during the quarantine.

scholarly journals Exercise of Land Rights by Rural Residents

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
О. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Far East ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Far Eastern

The pre-emptive right to purchase and sell agricultural land by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the maximum size of agricultural land plots, the allocation of shares among rural residents and some other features of agricultural legislation are restrictions on the realization of the right of rural residents to own land. The lack of adequate infrastructure in rural areas, especially in the Far East that fall under the Far Eastern Hectare project, is also seen as an obstacle for rural residents to exercise their right to land.

scholarly journals Optimizing Rotavator Design Towards Enhancing Agricultural Crop Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

By continuous and rapid growth in industrialization as well as population, the agricultural lands are also becoming less and less continuously day by day which results in increase in the population of small land holders. In addition to this, because of continuous decreasing production the youth of the villages are also migrating in big cities for the employment, resulting decreasing manpower essential to perform various seedbed operations in the villages. Hence, it is the need of time for small farmers having small agricultural land and having less crop production to introduce the cost-effective farm mechanization so that they can improve production rate. Rotavator is the best option available to achieve this landmark as it is already proved that seedbed prepared by using rotavator gives highest benefit to cost ratio. For this experimental study the whole land of 9 acre area is divided into 18 plots of equal size in area. The combination of method of seedbed preparation and use of fertilizers were the preliminary criteria. The categories of fertilizer according to quantity are discussed earlier which are 50kg, 35kg and 65kg per acre respectively. The quantities of organic fertilizer used are 45kg and 60kg per acre of agricultural land for both seedbeds which are prepared manually and by using rotavator. The highest production of Pigeon Pea was obtained of 814kg was from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using agricultural machine called rotavator and organic fertilizer; next highest production is obtained of 802 kg from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using rotavator and the fertilizer used was chemical fertilizer. The minimum production of Pigeon Pea which is 690 kg was obtained in the plot whose seedbed was prepared manually and chemical fertilizer was used.

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