Modulation of the bovine innate immune response by production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bovine monocytes

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menjadi masalah di dunia. Risiko untuk mendapatkan infeksi TB dipengaruhi oleh imunitas alamiah melawan mikobakteria. Peptida antimikroba merupakan salah satu barrier pertahanan alamiah. Cathelicidin adalah suatu peptida anti mikroba yang berperan pada proses imunitas terhadap TB. Cathelicidin Leusin Leusin-37 (LL-37) merupakan satu-satunya cathelicidin yang ada pada manusia dan dapat diekspresikan dari beberapa sel temasuk sel imun. Inducer Cathelicidin yang paling poten adalah 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 yang merupakan bentuk aktif vitamin D 25(OH)D3. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas tentang cathelicidin, vitamin D3 dam peranannya pada imunitas terhadap TB.Kata kunci: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)2D3, imunitas, TuberkulosisAbstract. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The susceptibility to this disease depends to great extent on the innate immune response against mycobacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the natural defense barriers. Cathelicidin Leucine Leucine-37 (LL-37) is the only cathelicidin present in humans and synthesized by several cells including immune cells. The most effective inducer of Cathelicidin is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3), which is an active form of vitamin D 25(OH)D3. This review discusses cathelicidin, vitamin D3 and its role in immunity against TBKeywords: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)D3, immunity, Tuberkulosis

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Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000143 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Deborah Hodgson ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Luba Sominsky ◽

Mehmet Mahmut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Negative Control ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Before And After ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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