Further investigation of lameness in cows at pasture: An analysis of the lesions found in, and some possible risk factors associated with, lame New Zealand dairy cattle requiring veterinary treatment

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum of dairy cattle in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1009-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria E. Sousa ◽

J.N. Porto Wagnner ◽

Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽

Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽

Eduardo B. Faria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Control Measures ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Serological Investigation

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from milk producing farms of the microregion of Batalha, state of Alagoas, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,004 cattle of 17 farms for the serological investigation regarding the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction Technique (IMRT). From the total amount of samples analyzed, 77/1,004 (7.67%) were positive and 927/1,004 (92.33%) were negative. The logistical regression identified that cattle from farms without consortium breeding have an infection risk 6.33 (p<0.001; C.I. 2.89-13.10) times higher than cattle from farms with that type of breeding. Cattle from farms where the aborted fetuses are not adequately buried have an infection risk 3.04 (p<0.001; C.I. 1.64-5.63) times higher than cattle from farms with adequate destination of these fetuses. Infection by N. caninum occurs in cattle of the investigated region. The factors identified in our study can be used as risk indicators, so that control measures could be implemented to avoid infection by N. caninum in the herds of this region.

Download Full-text

The prevalence of hock lesions in UK dairy cattle and the significance of risk factors associated with the development of the condition

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200029343 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 95-95

Author(s):

S Potterton ◽

M Green ◽

J Harris ◽

K Millar ◽

H Whay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Related Factors ◽

Death Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cell Counts ◽

East Midlands ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

The Uk

The term hock lesion describes incidences of hair loss, thickened skin, wounds, scabs, and swellings occurring over the tarsal joint. Hock lesions in dairy cattle are a widespread problem around the world. In the UK, a recent study found approximately 99% of examined cows had at least some callused area over a hock (Haskell et al., 2006). The presence of hock lesions is correlated with injuries of the teat, carpal joints and skin, as well as increases in mobility score, high somatic cell counts, a greater incidence of clinical mastitis, and higher culling and annual death rates. Differences in the prevalence and severity of hock lesions according to the lying surface and cubicle design have been identified. Cow-related factors and management variables have also been postulated as possible risk factors. Recognition of the condition and practical solutions aimed at resolving it have however, been limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hock lesions in lactating cattle on dairy farms in the East Midlands of the UK, and the significance of potential risk factors in the development of the lesions.

Download Full-text

‘BRCA1’ RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS BREAST CANCER-A POPULATION-WISE PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSIS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016.v8i9.13457 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Preethi M. Iyer ◽

Sanjay Kumar P. ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

P. K Krishnan Namboori

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

New Zealand ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Chromosome 17 ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Variation Database ◽

Different Populations

Objective: In the present pharmacogenomic work, the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors associated with BRCA1 induced breast cancer, cancer proneness and its variants across different populations like Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian and the ‘mutation and methylation-prone’ region of BRCA1 have been computed.Methods: The global variations associated with the disease have been identified from the ‘Leiden open variation database (LOVD 3.0)’ and ‘Indian genome variation database (IGVDB)’. The variants, ‘single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)’ are then characterized. The epigenetic factors associated with breast cancer have been identified from the clinical reports and further scrutinized using EpiGRAPH tool. The various contributing environmental factors responsible for the variations have been considered.Results: All the variants across different populations such as Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian are found to be in a specific transcript of BRCA1 that ranges within 41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs) of the chromosome 17. Two ‘single nucleotide variations (SNVs)’ (5266dupC: rs397507246 and 68_69delAG: rs386833395) have been identified as risk factors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in the global population and 39 SNPs have been identified as pathogenic and deleterious. ‘Evolutionary history’ seems to be the most significant attribute in the predictability of methylation of BRCA1. Unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, use of unsafe cosmetics, estrogen exposure, ‘hormone replacement therapy (HRT)’, use of oral contraceptives and smoking are the major environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence.Conclusion: This chromosome location (41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs)) can be considered as the population-specific sensitive region corresponding to BRCA1 mutation. This supports the fact that stabilization within the region can be a promising technique to control the epigenetic variants associated with the global position. The global variation in the proneness of the disease may be due to a cumulative effect of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors subject to further experimentations with identical variations and populations.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological pattern and risk factors associated with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in a non-vaccinated dairy-cattle population from the Asturias region of Spain

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0167-5877(01)00239-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

R.C Mainar-Jaime ◽

B Berzal-Herranz ◽

P Arias ◽

F.A Rojo-Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Diarrhoea Virus ◽

Epidemiological Pattern

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with lameness in lactating dairy cattle in Michigan

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/0167-5877(92)90086-u ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J.A. Groehn ◽

J.B. Kaneene ◽

D. Foster

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lactating Dairy Cattle

Download Full-text

Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120201088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽

Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽

Gisele Glomba Silva ◽

Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽

Rute Witter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Present Survey ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of trematodes and host risk factors associated with dairy cattle in Colombia

Revista Veterinaria ◽

10.30972/vet.3124740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

R. B. Andrade ◽

J. Forero ◽

J. D. Ospina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Paramphistomum Cervi

El estudio se llevó a cabo para establecer la prevalencia e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con las infecciones por trematodes en ganado lechero de las tierras altas de Boyacá, Colombia. Las muestras fecales recogidas de 300 bovinos seleccionados al azar se examinaron utilizando una técnica de sedimentación simple para el recuento diferencial de huevos de trematodes. En el ganado estudiado fueron encontrados huevos de tres grupos de trematodes, a saber: Fasciola hepatica, Paramphistomum cervi y Cotylophoron cotylophorum. La prevalencia específica para estas tres especies fueron de 11,6%, 9,3% y 3,7% respectivamente. Se observó una superposición importante entre F. hepatica y P. cervi. La prevalencia de los tres trematodes identificados en este estudio se asoció significativamente (p<0,05) con la condición corporal y la raza, mientras que la prevalencia de Fasciola sp y Paramphistomum sp fue asociada con la edad. La prevalencia de los tres principales trematodes de importancia para la salud animal y la alta tasa de infección mixta, junto al deterioro de la condición corporal, determinan una pérdida económica sustancial debida a la reducción de la productividad del ganado en el área estudiada.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Ewe Death and Casting in an Extensively Farmed Sheep Flock in New Zealand

Ruminants ◽

10.3390/ruminants1020007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 87-99

Author(s):

Kimberly Capdevila-Ospina ◽

Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽

Kate J. Flay ◽

Paul R. Kenyon ◽

Anne L. Ridler

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

New Zealand ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Time Period ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Market Perception ◽

Peripartum Period

Ewe deaths affect the productivity and profitability in sheep farming systems and have potential animal welfare and market perception implications. Internationally, there is scant data on the timing and causes of ewe deaths in extensive grazing systems. There is no published literature on the incidence and risk factors associated with casting (ewe in late gestation accidentally immobilised, often in dorsal recumbency). This study, undertaken using a cohort of 1789 ewes on a New Zealand farm, reports on the timing and risk factors associated with production parameters for ewe deaths through an almost two-year period, along with causes of death during both peripartum periods. Ewe deaths occurred throughout both years but were most frequent during the peripartum (pre-lambing to mid-lactation) period. Casting was the most commonly identified cause of death in both years, responsible for approximately a quarter to a third of potential annual mortality. Few risk factors for death or casting were identified. In conclusion, the peripartum period is a high-risk time period for ewe deaths (and, by extension, will also contribute to lamb perinatal mortality). In extensively grazed flocks where casting events occur, it is recommended that all ewes are monitored daily during the peripartum period.

Download Full-text