scholarly journals Factors Associated with Ewe Death and Casting in an Extensively Farmed Sheep Flock in New Zealand

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Kimberly Capdevila-Ospina ◽  
Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
Kate J. Flay ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Anne L. Ridler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Market Perception ◽  
Peripartum Period

Ewe deaths affect the productivity and profitability in sheep farming systems and have potential animal welfare and market perception implications. Internationally, there is scant data on the timing and causes of ewe deaths in extensive grazing systems. There is no published literature on the incidence and risk factors associated with casting (ewe in late gestation accidentally immobilised, often in dorsal recumbency). This study, undertaken using a cohort of 1789 ewes on a New Zealand farm, reports on the timing and risk factors associated with production parameters for ewe deaths through an almost two-year period, along with causes of death during both peripartum periods. Ewe deaths occurred throughout both years but were most frequent during the peripartum (pre-lambing to mid-lactation) period. Casting was the most commonly identified cause of death in both years, responsible for approximately a quarter to a third of potential annual mortality. Few risk factors for death or casting were identified. In conclusion, the peripartum period is a high-risk time period for ewe deaths (and, by extension, will also contribute to lamb perinatal mortality). In extensively grazed flocks where casting events occur, it is recommended that all ewes are monitored daily during the peripartum period.

Abstract 78: Factors Associated with Thrombotic Events During Pregnancy in the United States: NIS 2000-2010

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Razmara ◽  
Steven Cen ◽  
Diana L Jin ◽  
Nerses Sanossian ◽  
Amytis Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
Hospital Factors ◽  
Peripartum Period

Intro: Thrombosis risk is increased during pregnancy and puerperium. There are no recent data on nationwide trends in thrombotic events during the delivery period. Objective: To determine risk factors for thrombotic events in women hospitalized for deliveries. Methods: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2000-2010) were used to identify deliveries. Weighted proportion of pregnancy hospitalizations with comorbid thrombotic events, including TIA, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, acute MI, and venous thromboembolism, was determined. Poisson regression was used to identify risk factors for thrombotic events. The first multivariable model adjusted for sociodemographic and hospital factors. The second model in addition adjusted for comorbid conditions. Results: There were 4,305,561 women hospitalized for delivery (21.5 million US deliveries), of which 7,242 (0.17%) had thrombotic events in the peripartum period. From 2000-2010, there was an increase in deliveries with associated thrombotic events observed from 7.46/10K to 34.8/10K. Compared to 2000, deliveries with thromboses was 8-fold more likely in 2010 (RR 7.94, 95% CI 1.98-31.93). There was no significant difference in rates from 2000 to 2010 after adjustment for sociodemographic and hospital factors. From 2000-2010, pregnant women with thrombotic events were older, more likely to be White, to smoke, to lack insurance, to be admitted to rural hospitals, and to be admitted in the South or Midwest. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographics, hospital factors, and comorbidities, admissions in the South (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.55) or Midwest (1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.68), atrial fibrillation (1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62), pre-/eclampsia (5.78, 95% CI 4.37-7.66), dyslipidemia (1.72, 95% CI 1.42-2.09), atrial septal defect (14.38, 95% CI 6.76-30.58), and valvular heart disease (1.67, 95% CI 1.25-2.24) were independently associated with higher risk of thrombotic events. Conclusions: From 2000-2010, there was a sizeable increase in deliveries with associated thrombosis. Identification of factors associated with thrombotic events for women hospitalized for normal pregnancies will aid in targeted interventions to screen for, prevent and treat thrombosis related to pregnancy.

Predictors of progression in untreated keratoconus: a Save Sight Keratoconus Registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317547
Author(s):  
Alex Ferdi ◽  
Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Himal Kandel ◽  
Jeremy C K Tan ◽  
Francisco Arnalich-Montiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.

scholarly journals ‘BRCA1’ RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS BREAST CANCER-A POPULATION-WISE PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi M. Iyer ◽  
Sanjay Kumar P. ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
P. K Krishnan Namboori
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Variation Database ◽  
Different Populations

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present pharmacogenomic work, the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors associated with BRCA1 induced breast cancer, cancer proneness and its variants across different populations like Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian and the ‘mutation and methylation-prone’ region of BRCA1 have been computed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The global variations associated with the disease have been identified from the ‘Leiden open variation database (LOVD 3.0)’ and ‘Indian genome variation database (IGVDB)’. The variants, ‘single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)’ are then characterized. The epigenetic factors associated with breast cancer have been identified from the clinical reports and further scrutinized using EpiGRAPH tool. The various contributing environmental factors responsible for the variations have been considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the variants across different populations such as Indian, Netherland, Belgium, Denmark, Austrian, New Zealand, Sweden, Malaysian and Norwegian are found to be in a specific transcript of BRCA1 that ranges within 41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs) of the chromosome 17. Two ‘single nucleotide variations (SNVs)’ (5266dupC: rs397507246 and 68_69delAG: rs386833395) have been identified as risk factors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in the global population and 39 SNPs have been identified as pathogenic and deleterious. ‘Evolutionary history’ seems to be the most significant attribute in the predictability of methylation of BRCA1. Unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, use of unsafe cosmetics, estrogen exposure, ‘hormone replacement therapy (HRT)’, use of oral contraceptives and smoking are the major environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This chromosome location (41,196,312-41,277,500 (81,189 base pairs)) can be considered as the population-specific sensitive region corresponding to BRCA1 mutation. This supports the fact that stabilization within the region can be a promising technique to control the epigenetic variants associated with the global position. The global variation in the proneness of the disease may be due to a cumulative effect of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors subject to further experimentations with identical variations and populations. </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia Across Trimesters in Multiethnic Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 765-765
Author(s):  
Wanhui Kang ◽  
Carrie Irvine ◽  
Eva Pressman ◽  
Kimberly O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to characterize prevalence and determinants of anemia in a multiethnic cohort of pregnant women. Methods A retrospective medical chart review was undertaken of all deliveries occurring from 2011 to 2020 at Strong Memorial Hospital and Highland Hospital in Rochester, NY. Among a total of 53,642 deliveries, 42,289 occurred to women with no underlying health complications. Anemia was defined using the CDC criteria as &lt; 11g/dL in the first (T1) and third trimesters (T3) and &lt; 10.5 g/dL in the second trimester (T2). Mean Hb concentration was compared between trimesters and racial groups by ANOVA and post-hoc pairwise comparisons. Relationships between prevalence of anemia by trimesters, racial groups, and BMI were examined by chi-square or t-tests. Logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the risk factors associated with anemia. Results Pregnant women had a mean age of 29.8 ± 5.5 y (range: 13−52 y) at delivery. The majority of women (66.8%) self-identified as white, 20.0% as black, 3.8% as Asian, and 9.4% as Other. Mean Hb concentrations significantly differed by trimester [12.6 ± 1.0, 11.5 ± 1.1, and 11.8 ± 1.3 g/dL in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, p &lt; 0.001]. Mean Hb was significantly lower in black women in each trimester by -0.8 (T1), -0.7 (T2), and -1.0 g/dL (T3) compared to white women. White women had the highest Hb concentrations in T1 and T2 (12.8 ± 0.9, 11.8 ± 1.0 g/dL) while Asian women had the highest Hb concentrations in T3 (12.2 ± 1.2 g/dL, n = 1577, p &lt; 0.001). The overall prevalence of anemia was 17.1%, which significantly increased across pregnancy [4.5% (T1), 16.4% (T2) and 25.2% (T3), p &lt; 0.001]. Observed rates of anemia were higher than the estimated NHANES (1999–2006) prevalence in pregnant women. After stratifying by racial groups, higher BMI was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of anemia in T2 and T3 only in black women and in those whose race was categorized as Other. Conclusions The prevalence of anemia was highest in black pregnant women in all trimesters, while it was lowest in white pregnant women in T1 and T2, and in Asians in T3. Risk factors associated with anemia included late gestation or self-reported race as black or Other. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Bari ◽  
M Alam ◽  
M Uddin ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Recovery of Ampicillin-Sulbactam-Resistant Escherichia coli in Hospitalized Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S. Kaye ◽  
Anthony D. Harris ◽  
Howard Gold ◽  
Yehuda Carmeli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Ampicillin-sulbactam resistance in Escherichia coli is an emerging problem. This study determined risk factors for the recovery of ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli in hospitalized patients. A case-control design was used to compare two groups of case patients with control patients. The first group of case patients consisted of patients from whom nosocomially acquired ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli strains were isolated, and the second group of case patients consisted of patients from whom ampicillin-sulbactam-susceptible E. coli strains were isolated. Control patients were a random selection among 5% of all patients admitted during the same time period. Risk factors analyzed included antimicrobial drug exposure, comorbid conditions, and demographics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 175 patients, and ampicillin-sulbactam-susceptibleE. coli strains were isolated from 577 patients. Nine hundred thirty-four control patients were selected. Exposure to penicillin antibiotics as a class and to ampicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam individually were the only significant, independent risk factors associated with the isolation of ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant E. coli (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32 [P < 0.001], OR = 3.04 [P = 0.02], and OR = 1.72 [P= 0.04], respectively), but they were not associated with the isolation of ampicillin-sulbactam-susceptible E. coli. Interestingly, exposure to piperacillin-tazobactam tended to protect against the isolation of E. coli strains resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, but this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.13; P = 0.11).

Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand veterinarians

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Scuffham ◽  
Stephen J. Legg ◽  
Elwyn C. Firth ◽  
Mark A. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Review of the risk factors associated with kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Froud ◽  
K.R. Everett ◽  
J.L. Tyson ◽  
R.M. Beresford ◽  
N. Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Risk

Bacterial canker of kiwifruit commonly referred to as Psa is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae and the biovar 3 strain has affected kiwifruit vines in New Zealand since 2010 Psa has had an impact on the management and production of kiwifruit in New Zealand This paper provides a review of the epidemiological risk factors that are associated with Psa disease within orchards The presence of the pathogen rain and a susceptible host are sufficient to cause disease in kiwifruit but there are other risk factors that can increase the amount of disease that develops and the spread of disease including other environmental factors (eg temperature) host factors (eg cultivar) and management factors (eg pruning practices) The aim of this literature review was to describe the current knowledge of a range of known and postulated risk factors for the development of bacterial canker in kiwifruit

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OCULAR DISEASES AND INJURIES AMONG RUBBER TAPPERS IN A RURAL AREA IN KANYA KUMARI

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Biju Gopal ◽  
I Anesha Isaac ◽  
Adithya Shankar ◽  
Hasanul Banna KM ◽  
N Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rubber Tappers ◽  
Ocular Injuries

Rubber tapping is a major occupation in Kanya Kumari district and it significantly adds to the economy of the country. There are nearly 126 rubber-based industries recognized by the District Industries Centre (DIC), providing employment to 1874 people'' .This study aims at analyzing the prevalence and risk factors associated with ocular injuries and diseases among rubber tappers in a rural area in Kanya Kumari. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the prevalence of ocular diseases and injuries in rubber tappers related to their occupation 2. To evaluate the risk factors associated with ocular diseases and injuries among rubber tappers METHODS: Rubber tappers attending the Ophthalmology Out-Patient department in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences between 1.10.2020 to 30.11.2020 were evaluated for ocular injuries and diseases.A detailed history was obtained and ocular complaints were analyzed. After a thorough systemic and ocular examination, data was collected. The collected data were analyzed. RESULTS: The study was conducted for a time period of 2 months. Data was collected from all the rubber tappers attending the ophthalmology OPD in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 48 patients were evaluated. Among which 17 had foreign body exposure, 4 had corneal abrasion, 1 had fungal corneal ulcer, 16 had cataracts, 7 had refractive error,3 had pterygium. CONCLUSION: Occupation -related injuries are common amidst rubber tappers. The population dependent on this occupation is way too high to be left unattended or their health conditions ignored. The results obtained in this study throws light on the importance of awareness that needs to be advocated among employers and employees involved in rubber plantation and tapping. The use of protective eye goggles and other safety precautions must be propagated among the workers. The rubber tappers must be alerted about the consequences of ignoring safety precautions, specifically how it may lead to severe morbidity, sometimes even loss of vision.They must also be advised to undergo ophthalmic examination whenever necessary and on regular basis,as poor vision due to aging or even physiological refractive errors itself may lead to injuries due to compromised eyesight. After conducting this study,we came to the conclusion that the consciousness of the morbidity that may occur due to poor safety measures at work among the rubber tappers is nearly a flat line. Hence creating awareness and educating them regarding this becomes indispensable.

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