Comparing responses of dairy cows to short-term and long-term heat stress in climate-controlled chambers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hou ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
R.Y. Dong ◽  
M.Y. Liang ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

Short term post-partum heat stress in dairy cows

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fuquay ◽  
L. T. Chapin ◽  
W. H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Short Term

Long-term heat stress induces the inflammatory response in dairy cows revealed by plasma proteome analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 471 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
Jianbo Cheng ◽  
Yongxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Plasma Proteome

Responses of dairy cows to short-term heat stress in controlled-climate chambers

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Garner ◽  
M. Douglas ◽  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
W. J. Wales ◽  
L. C. Marett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

The objective of the present research was to describe the physiological and production responses of lactating dairy cows during and after sudden exposure to temperate-climate heat-wave conditions, compared with cows in thermoneutral conditions. Twelve lactating multiparous Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were housed in controlled-climate chambers for 4 days. Six were exposed to a short-term temperature and humidity challenge (THc, diurnal temperature and humidity fluctuations inducing moderate heat stress; temperature humidity index 74–84) and six cows were exposed to thermoneutral conditions (THn, temperatur humidity index 55–61). Cows were also measured during a 7-day pre-experimental and 14-day post-experimental period. Physiological indicators of heat stress were measured, including rectal and vaginal temperature and respiration rate, which indicated that the THc in controlled-climate chambers induced moderate heat stress. The cows exposed to the 4-day THc reduced their milk yield by 53% and their dry-matter intake by 48%, compared with the cows in the THn treatment. Milk yield of THc cows returned to pre-experimental milk yield by Day 7 and dry-matter intake by Day 4 of the post-experimental period. The short-term heat challenge induced metabolic adaptations by mobilising adipose tissue, as indicated by increased non-esterified fatty acids, and amino acids from skeletal muscle, as indicated by increased urea nitrogen to compensate for reduced nutrient intake and increased energy expenditure. Endocrine responses included greater prolactin concentrations, which is associated with thermoregulation and water metabolism. The cows exposed to THc displayed production and physical responses that facilitated lower metabolic heat production and greater heat dissipation in an attempt to maintain homeostasis during the short-term heat exposure. These results indicated that the conditions imposed on the cows in the controlled-climate chambers were sufficient to induce heat-stress responses and adversely affected production in the lactating dairy cow, and the delay between the return to normal feed intake and milk yield following the heat challenge suggests a period of metabolic recovery was occurring.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Short-Term Cooling and Vitamin E for Alleviation of Infertility Induced by Heat Stress in Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 3601-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Ealy ◽  
Carlos F. Aréchiga ◽  
David R. Bray ◽  
Carlos A. Risco ◽  
Peter J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Marine heatwaves depress metabolic activity and impair cellular acid-base homeostasis in reef-building corals regardless of bleaching susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teegan Innis ◽  
Luella Allen-Waller ◽  
Kristen Taylor Brown ◽  
Wesley Sparagon ◽  
Christopher Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Success

AbstractOcean warming is causing global coral bleaching events to increase in frequency, resulting in widespread coral mortality and disrupting the function of coral reef ecosystems. However, even during mass bleaching events, many corals resist bleaching despite exposure to abnormally high temperatures. While the physiological effects of bleaching have been well documented, the consequences of heat stress for bleaching resistant individuals are not well understood. In addition, much remains to be learned about how heat stress affects cellular level processes that may be overlooked at the organismal level, yet are crucial for coral performance in the short term and ecological success over the long term. Here we compared the physiological and cellular responses of bleaching resistant and bleaching susceptible corals throughout the 2019 marine heatwave in Hawai‘i, a repeat bleaching event that occurred four years after the previous regional event. Relative bleaching susceptibility within species was consistent between the two bleaching events, yet corals of both resistant and susceptible phenotypes exhibited pronounced metabolic depression during the heatwave. At the cellular level, bleaching susceptible corals had lower intracellular pH than bleaching resistant corals at the peak of bleaching for both symbiont-hosting and symbiont-free cells, indicating greater disruption of acid-base homeostasis in bleaching susceptible individuals. Notably, cells from both phenotypes were unable to compensate for experimentally induced cellular acidosis, indicating that acid-base regulation was significantly impaired at the cellular level even in bleaching resistant corals and in cells containing symbionts. Thermal disturbances may thus have substantial ecological consequences, as even small reallocations in energy budgets to maintain homeostasis during stress can negatively affect fitness. These results suggest concern is warranted for corals coping with ocean acidification alongside ocean warming, as the feedback between temperature stress and acid-base regulation may further exacerbate the physiological effects of climate change.

Effect of length of the period of supplementation with concentrates on pasture intake and performance of grazing dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Marginal Returns

Summary. The hypothesis tested in the experiment reported here was that levels of substitution would be lower and marginal responses to supplementation higher in grazing dairy cows that were subjected to long, compared with short, treatment periods. Forty cows were fed irrigated perennial pasture which contained ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) and weeds at a herbage allowance of about 40 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day. Of the 40 cows, 20 were under continuous treatment for 6 months (2 October 1995 to 24 March 1996, inclusive) (long term), while treatments were applied to the remaining 20 cows every second month (short term). The second group of cows, therefore, commenced 4 weeks of treatment on 3 occasions, 31 October, 1 January and 26 February. The cows in the short-term treatments were re-randomised for each of their 3 periods in the experiment. There were 2 long-term treatments, one where pasture was fed alone and the other where the same amount of pasture was supplemented with 5 kg DM/cow.day of a 75% barley –25% wheat grain pellet. There were 2 replicates of each treatment and 5 cows per group. The second set of 20 cows was allocated to the same treatments on a short-term basis. When not under treatment, all cows in this second group were offered about 40 kg DM of pasture/cow.day plus 5 kg DM of barley–wheat. Cows ate less pasture when concentrates were fed although total DM intake increased (P<0.05). The level of substitution averaged 0.4 kg DM reduction in pasture intake for each kg DM of concentrates consumed, and this was not affected (P>0.05) by the length of time for which the cows were supplemented. Milk yield declined from November to March and concentrates increased production, but the interaction between period of the year and use of supplements was not significant (P>0.05). However, the milk responses associated with length of time under supplementation appeared to be different in March relative to the other periods. Although the marginal returns to concentrates in March were 0.9 and 1.3 kg milk/kg DM for short- and long-term supplementation, the marginal returns to feeding concentrates for short or long periods during November and January were the same (0.9 kg/kg DM). However, in terms of total DM intake, the average marginal response was lower (1.4 v. 1.9 kg milk/kg of additional total DM) for the short-term treatments. The trends in body condition for the long-term treatments through the experiment indicated that divergence between unsupplemented and supplemented cows occurred consistently throughout, resulting in 0.8 units difference in body condition score after the 6 months of treatment. It is suggested that it was the differences in body condition that were responsible for the variation in milk response towards the end of the experiment. It was concluded that, while the length of time under supplementation had no effect on intake variables or substitution, marginal responses to the long term use of concentrates eventually diverged from those obtained from their use for short periods, principally due to changes in the body condition of animals in the long-term treatments.

scholarly journals Long term cyclic heat stress influences physiological responses and blood characteristics in indigenous sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rashid ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MAK Azad ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Cyclic Heat

The present study was designed to elucidate changes in physiological and blood parameters of indigenous sheep during cyclic heat exposure. Twelve 2-4 year-old sheep with an average body weight of 10.5±0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of three experimental heat treatments: control (21°C, stall feeding), short term (21°C to 32°C; 32°C for 4 h/d, grazing), and long term (21°C to 32°; 32°C for 8 h/d, grazing).The results have shown that sheep exposed to cyclic heat treatments exhibited higher (P=0.05) rectal temperature, body temperature, and respiratory rate compared to the control group. Cyclic heat treatments significantly decreased heart rate of sheep. There was a sharp reduction in rumination and an increase in time spent by sheep in eating during cyclic heat treatments. Long term heat treatment significantly increased RBC and WBC counts, PCV values, and hemoglobin level than that of the control and short term heat treatments. Similar responses were also observed in plasma glucose, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels. These results suggest that short term heat stress is tolerable but long term is physiologically detrimental to them to indigenous sheep.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18486 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 96-100

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document