Effect of stage of lactation and dietary starch content on endocrine-metabolic status, blood amino acid concentrations, milk yield, and composition in Holstein dairy cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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Effects of dry period length on milk yield and content and metabolic status of high-producing dairy cows under heat stress

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-021-02634-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Boustan ◽

V. Vahedi ◽

M. Abdi Farab ◽

H. Karami ◽

R. Seyedsharifi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Period Length ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Dry Period

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Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-092 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 625-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. R. Corbett ◽

L. A. Goonewardene ◽

E. K. Okine

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Protein Source ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Nutrient Analyses ◽

Protein Milk

The effect of substituting peas for soybean and canola meals as a protein source in a high-producing dairy herd was studied in 66 Holstein cows, divided into two groups based on stage of lactation, parity, level of milk production and days in milk. Two 18.5% crude protein grain concentrate diets were formulated based on the nutrient analyses of the forages available. The control grain mix contained standard protein sources, principally soybean and canola meal (SBM\CM) while the test grain mix was formulated to contain approximately 25% field peas as the major source of protein. Both grain rations were formulated to the same nutrient specifications and balanced for undegradable protein. The duration of the trial was 6 mo during which grain feeding levels were adjusted monthly based on milk yield. For cows in early lactation, 4% fat-corrected milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed pea based concentrates (31.3 kg d−1) than for cows fed SBM\CM supplement (29.7 kg d−1). Fat-corrected milk yield was not affected by source of protein in mid- and late-lactation cows. Fat-corrected milk production was not different (P > 0.05) for cows fed SBM\CM compared with cows fed the pea supplement when cows across all stages of lactation were included in the analyses. Milk fat percent was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for early- and mid-lactation cows fed the pea supplement. The results suggest that peas can be substituted for SBM\CM as a protein source for high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Dairy cow, pea, soybean and canola meal supplement, undegradable protein, milk production

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Histidine dose-response effects on lactational performance and plasma amino acid concentrations in lactating dairy cows: 1. Metabolizable protein-adequate diet

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2021-20188 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S.E. Räisänen ◽

C.F.A. Lage ◽

J. Oh ◽

A. Melgar ◽

K. Nedelkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dose Response ◽

Plasma Amino Acid ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Metabolizable Protein ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Lactational Performance ◽

Amino Acid Concentrations

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Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder

Journal of Agrobiology ◽

10.2478/v10146-011-0015-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Strapák ◽

Peter Antalík ◽

Iveta Szencziová

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Milk Flow ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Total Milk ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.

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The effect of the Ketostop-EL feed supplement on the clinical and metabolic status of lactating cows

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213606033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 06033

Author(s):

N.B. Nikulina ◽

E.V. Baidak

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Total Protein ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Feed Supplement ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

A study was conducted on dairy cows aged 3-6 lactation, which were additionally fed with the Ketostop-El supplement at the rate of 300 g per head for 4 weeks after calving. The use of the feed supplement for 14 days led to a decrease in the number of monocytes, total protein, glucose, creatinine, total calcium and the activity of ALT and AST compared to their level before the use of Ketostop-El. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of urine and increase in the average daily milk yield were noted. The use of the supplement for 28 days contributed to a decrease in hematocrit, the sorption capacity of red blood cells, total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, total calcium, reserve alkalinity, ALT and AST activity and an increase in the number of basophils, eosinophils, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus compared to the initial data. At the same time, a decrease in the level of protein and ketones in the urine was observed. An increase in the average daily milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk was also recorded. The feed supplement "Ketostop-El" has a positive effect on the body of dairy cows, as evidenced by the normalization of the clinical and metabolic status, as well as an increase in the dairy productivity of animals.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILES AND MILK YIELD ASSOCIATED WITH PARITY AND STAGE OF LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research ◽

10.36111/jvmohr.2019.1(2).0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

L Naher ◽

M. A. Samad ◽

S. H. M. F. Siddiki ◽

M. T. Islam

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Transition Period ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Calcium Phosphorus

Background: Cattle cross-breeding program has been launched throughout Bangladesh but this program has still focused mainly on biological rather than economic evaluation. Currently, 30000 dairy farms with mainly cross-bred cows are in operation throughout the country and this intensive dairy farming system with high milk yielding dairy cows is supposed to be associated with high incidence of sub-clinical nutritional and metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between major blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with parity and stage of lactation in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 220 apparently healthy lactating cross-bred dairy cows (HF x L, n = 190; SH x L, n = 20 and JS x L, n = 10) of 10 dairy herds were collected for metabolic profile test (MPT) in Bangladesh during the period from July to November 2016. The major metabolic profiles which are associated with milk fever (calcium, phosphorus & magnesium) and ketosis (glucose) were considered in this study. These biochemical parameters were estimated to detect the influence of risk factors including herds, breeds, parities and lactation age of cross-bred lactating dairy cows by using the commercial kits in spectrophotometer method. Results: The evaluation of the biochemical constituents of 220 cross-bred lactating dairy cows revealed that 30% (n = 66) had hypocalcaemia and 20.45% (n = 45) had hypoglycemia. Significantly lower levels of average calcium (7.93 ± 0.36 mg/dl; p < 0.024) and glucose (43.44 ± 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) values were recorded in HF x L cross-bred dairy herd of BAUDF, Mymensingh in comparison to other investigated nine dairy herds. The highest milk yield was recorded at 7th parity (16 +- 0.91 liter / day) and 1st week of lactation (17.33 +- 1.09 liter / day) were associated with low mean calcium (8.09 +- 0.85 mg / dl; 6.68 +- 0.13 mg/dl) and glucose (36.45 +- 7.67 mg/dl; 32.31 +- 3.90 mg / dl) levels in comparison to the respective values of different parity and lactation weeks. Conclusions: A relationship between blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with herd, breed, parity and lactation stages was recorded in lactating crossbred dairy cows. The evaluation of blood metabolites at different stages of lactation cycle especially at transition period is required to detect the nutritional and metabolic health for optimum milk production and to achieve maximum reproductive potential of high yielding dairy cattle. The readily available milk samples could be used as a biological fluid to monitor the health and nutritional status of dairy cows by using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method to prevent sub-clinical metabolic disorders. Therefore, well developed laboratories with necessary equipment, test kits and reagent should be provided to perform MPT in both the blood and milk samples for practical uses. Keywords: Compton metabolic profile test, Metabolic profile, Lactating cross-bred cows, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Glucose, Parity, Lactation stages

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