Convergence Peak Velocity: An Objective, Non-Invasive, Oculomotor-Based Biomarker for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)/Concussion

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Strong Candidate

Over the past several years, there has been a search for an objective biomarker to detect the presence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion, especially one of a non-invasive nature. Recent advances and laboratory experimentation involving the abnormal oculomotor system in these individuals has suggested one very strong candidate: convergence peak velocity, which was found to be significantly reduced in all subjects tested. This vergence parameter can be rapidly and easily assessed using automated eye movement recording and analysis systems in a full range of environments, including the sports arena and the military theater, as well as one’s optometric practice, with a very low false positive rate, thus improving the early clinical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Detection of S-100β Protein in Plasma and Urine After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Le Sage ◽  
Pier-Alexandre Tardif ◽  
Jérôme Frenette ◽  
Marcel Émond ◽  
Jean-Marc Chauny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 1 Trauma Center

ABSTRACT:This study assessed whether S-100β protein could be measured in urine when detectable in plasma after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Clinical data, plasma and urine samples were collected for the 46 adult patients prospectively enrolled in the emergency department (ED) of a Level 1 trauma center. S-100β protein concentrations were analysed using ELISA. S-100β protein was detectable in 91% and 71% of plasma and urine samples, but values were not correlated (r = 0.002). Urine sampling would have been a non-invasive procedure, but it does not appear to be useful in the ED during the acute phase after an mTBI.

scholarly journals Screening for Poor Self-Reported Sleep Quality at 12 Weeks in Post-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Using the HF–Age–Gender (HAG) Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Hon-Ping Ma ◽  
Ju-Chi Ou ◽  
Kai-Yun Chen ◽  
Kuo-Hsing Liao ◽  
Shuo-Jhen Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality

To identify a screening tool for poor self-reported sleep quality at 12 weeks according to non-invasive measurements and patients’ characteristics in the first week after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), data from 473 mTBI participants were collected and follow-ups were performed at 12 weeks. Patients with previous poor self-reported sleep quality prior to the injury were excluded. Patients were then divided into two groups at 12 weeks according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index based on whether or not they experienced poor sleep quality. The analysis was performed on personal profiles and heart rate variability (HRV) for 1 week. After analyzing the non-invasive measurements and characteristics of mTBI patients who did not complain of poor sleep quality, several factors were found to be relevant to the delayed onset of poor sleep quality, including age, gender, and HRV measurements. The HRV–age–gender (HAG) index was proposed and found to have 100% sensitivity (cut-off, 7; specificity, 0.537) to predicting whether the patient will experience poor sleep quality after mTBI at the 12-week follow-up. The HAG index helps us to identify patients with mTBI who have no sleep quality complaints but are prone to developing poor self-reported sleep quality. Additional interventions to improve sleep quality would be important for these particular patients in the future.

scholarly journals Saccade and Fixation Eye Movements During Walking in People With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lirani-Silva ◽  
Samuel Stuart ◽  
Lucy Parrington ◽  
Kody Campbell ◽  
Laurie King
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Background: Clinical and laboratory assessment of people with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) indicate impairments in eye movements. These tests are typically done in a static, seated position. Recently, the use of mobile eye-tracking systems has been proposed to quantify subtle deficits in eye movements and visual sampling during different tasks. However, the impact of mTBI on eye movements during functional tasks such as walking remains unknown.Objective: Evaluate differences in eye-tracking measures collected during gait between healthy controls (HC) and patients in the sub-acute stages of mTBI recovery and to determine if there are associations between eye-tracking measures and gait speed.Methods: Thirty-seven HC participants and 67individuals with mTBI were instructed to walk back and forth over 10-m, at a comfortable self-selected speed. A single 1-min trial was performed. Eye-tracking measures were recorded using a mobile eye-tracking system (head-mounted infra-red Tobbii Pro Glasses 2, 100 Hz, Tobii Technology Inc. VA, United States). Eye-tracking measures included saccadic (frequency, mean and peak velocity, duration and distance) and fixation measurements (frequency and duration). Gait was assessed using six inertial sensors (both feet, sternum, right wrist, lumbar vertebrae and the forehead) and gait velocity was selected as the primary outcome. General linear model was used to compare the groups and association between gait and eye-tracking outcomes were explored using partial correlations.Results: Individuals with mTBI showed significantly reduced saccade frequency (p = 0.016), duration (p = 0.028) and peak velocity (p = 0.032) compared to the HC group. No significant differences between groups were observed for the saccade distance, fixation measures and gait velocity (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between saccade duration and gait velocity only for participants with mTBI (p = 0.025).Conclusion: Findings suggest impaired saccadic eye movement, but not fixations, during walking in individuals with mTBI. These findings have implications in real-world function including return to sport for athletes and return to duty for military service members. Future research should investigate whether or not saccade outcomes are influenced by the time after the trauma and rehabilitation.

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the prevention/treatment of comorbid mild traumatic brain injury and PTSD

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
A. Schindler ◽  
J. Meabon ◽  
B. Baskin ◽  
E. Cooper ◽  
M. Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Low cerebral blood flow is a non-invasive biomarker of neuroinflammation after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitara B. Sankar ◽  
Alyssa F. Pybus ◽  
Amanda Liew ◽  
Bharat Sanders ◽  
Kajol J. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Non Invasive

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Katy O'Brien ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽  
Tracey Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

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