Effectiveness of Therapy for the Treatment of Accommodative Insufficiency: An Open Pilot Study

Eligibility Requirements ◽

Student’S T ◽

The Right ◽

Clinical Measures ◽

Therapy Protocol

Background: To evaluate improvements in clinical measures and symptoms in children and young adults with accommodative insufficiency in an open trial of office-based vergence and accommodative therapy. Methods: Major eligibility requirements included ages 9 to 30 years and amplitude of accommodation (AA) ≥2 diopters (D) below Hoffstetter’s minimum. Participants completed 8 weekly, 1-hour sessions of office-based vergence and accommodative therapy. Therapy procedures followed the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) therapy protocol with emphasis on accommodative procedures. Clinical measures of accommodation and symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS]) were assessed at baseline and after therapy. Results were evaluated using the Student’s t test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Repeatability of CISS scores at baseline was assessed using Bland Altman 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: Eighteen participants (mean age 17.4 ± 8.0 years) were enrolled; sixteen completed the study. The mean AA improved significantly from 5.5D OD and OS at baseline to 12.4D OD and 12.8D OS at outcome (p<0.001). Mean monocular accommodative facility (AF) also increased significantly in both eyes from 6.6 cycles per min (cpm) OD and 7.4cpm OS at baseline to 14.2cpm OD and OS at outcome (p≤0.0009). Amplitude-scaled monocular AF also showed significant improvements (p≤0.034 for both). Mean CISS score improved 10.50 points (p=0.0003). Significantly greater improvements in AA were observed in children (9.0D) than in adults (4.3D) in the right eye (p=0.007 for both comparisons). Conversely mean improvement in CISS score was significantly greater in adults than in children (p=0.039). Repeated CISS scores differed by, on average,1.47 points (95% limits of agreement:-5.19, 8.13; p=0.12). The ICC was 0.95 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.87 to 0.98. Conclusion: Eight weekly sessions of office-based accommodative vergence therapy combined with homebased- reinforcement therapy resulted in improvements of symptoms and clinical measures of accommodation in children and young adults with accommodative insufficiency.

T WAVE CONTOUR IN THE PRECORDIAL LEADS DURING CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.7.3.400 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 400-407

Author(s):

R. W. REYNOLDS

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Normal Children ◽

Positive Wave ◽

T Wave ◽

Transitional Forms ◽

The Right ◽

Age Range

The T wave in the precordial V leads was studied in 187 normal children and young adults in the age range of 2 weeks to 20 years and in 164 individuals of like age with cardiovascular disease or with disease or medication capable of affecting the cardiovascular system. On the basis of this analysis correlated with a survey of the literature, it is concluded that: a. An upright T wave in lead V2 or leads further to the right should be considered abnormal in children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age until proved otherwise. b. The normal sequence in the direction of the T wave from V4R to V6 is from a negative to a positive wave with transitional forms which may be notched or diphasic. The reversal of this pattern is to be considered abnormal. c. The presence of unexpected T wave contours in specific leads at the different ages should be considered as evidence demanding re-examination of the ECG and of the child for abnormalities.

IS IT BEING USED THE RIGHT WAY? HOME NEBULIZER USE AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS DYING FROM ASTHMA, MICHIGAN, 2002-2004

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.124.3.922 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 108S ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Amit Gupta ◽

Kenneth Rosenman ◽

Sarah Lyon-Callo ◽

Elizabeth Hanna

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Inter-ocular asymmetry of retinal parameters in Caucasian healthy children and young adults measured with optical coherence tomography

International Eye Research ◽

10.18240/ier.2020.01.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Zeyad Alzaben ◽

◽

Ahmad Zaben ◽

Miguel A. Zapata ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Group Differences ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Group Methods ◽

Sample Characteristics ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Right ◽

Published Research

AIM: To evaluate retinal parameters in a sample of healthy young Caucasian adults to define the normal or physiological range of inter-ocular asymmetry in this particular age and ethnic group. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 37 Caucasian children and young adults aged between 12 and 23y (spherical equivalent from -3.00 D to +4.00 D, anisometropia <0.5 D and axial length differences <0.3 mm). Normal inter-ocular asymmetry values were determined and 95% inter-ocular difference tolerance values were obtained. RESULTS: Statistically significant inter-ocular differences were found in mean (P=0.003) and superior (P=0.008) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, as well as in central macular thickness (P=0.039), with larger values in the left eye in all instances, and with tolerance limits of inter-ocular asymmetry of -9.00 µm to 6.00 µm, -28.00 µm to 9 µm and -39.00 µm to 29.00 µm, respectively. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between males and females in mean thickness of the RNFL in the right eye (P=0.020). CONCLUSION: The exploration of the normal asymmetries of the retina may be an effective approach to further understand myopia onset and progression, which is particularly relevant in this age group. Differences in instrumentation and sample characteristics compromise direct comparison with published research and warrant the need for further studies.

Children's Rights: What Children Think about them

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/s0312897000015848 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 2-5

Author(s):

Mary Nixon ◽

Fatimah Haron

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Young People ◽

Child Abuse And Neglect ◽

Children's Rights ◽

Children’S Rights ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

Children’S Views ◽

AbstractChild abuse and neglect can be thought of as violations of children's rights. Declarations of children's rights have been formulated by adults; they are intended to be internationally valid, but little attempt has been made to find out what children themselves think about their rights, in any country.This study compared the views of Malaysian children and young adults with those of Australians. In both countries the right to love, affection and understanding ranked highly. Few children ranked highly their rights to freedom from fear of harm, or to protection; young adults ranked them more highly than the children. Most young people perceived schools as holding views very different from their own on children's rights. If schools are to perform a useful function in preventing abuse and neglect, children's views of schools may need to change, perhaps through changes in the schools.

Inflammatory Pseudotumour of the Lung: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Reports in Radiology ◽

10.1155/2012/214528 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Morar ◽

A. Bhayat ◽

G. Hammond ◽

H. Bruinette ◽

C. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Computerized Tomography ◽

Excision Biopsy ◽

Inflammatory Pseudotumour ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

We describe a patient with inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung. He was a young man who presented with haemotysis and the chest X-ray and computerized tomography were indicative of a nonbenign lesion in the right upper lobe. Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumour of the lung. This is a rare inflammatory nonneoplastic condition commonly affecting children and young adults.

Altered Effective Connectivity of Children and Young Adults With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.657576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Peishan Dai ◽

Xiaoyan Zhou ◽

Yilin Ou ◽

Tong Xiong ◽

Jinlong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Lingual Gyrus ◽

Calcarine Fissure ◽

The Right ◽

Feedback Pathway

The altered functional connectivity (FC) in amblyopia has been investigated by many studies, but the specific causality of brain connectivity needs to be explored further to understand the brain activity of amblyopia. We investigated whether the effective connectivity (EC) of children and young adults with amblyopia was altered. The subjects included 16 children and young adults with left eye amblyopia and 17 healthy controls (HCs). The abnormalities between the left/right primary visual cortex (PVC) and the other brain regions were investigated in a voxel-wise manner using the Granger causality analysis (GCA). According to the EC results in the HCs and the distribution of visual pathways, 12 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected to construct an EC network. The alteration of the EC network of the children and young adults with amblyopia was analyzed. In the voxel-wise manner analysis, amblyopia showed significantly decreased EC between the left/right of the PVC and the left middle frontal gyrus/left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the HCs. In the EC network analysis, compared with the HCs, amblyopia showed significantly decreased EC from the left calcarine fissure, posterior cingulate gyrus, left lingual gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus to the right calcarine fissure. Amblyopia also showed significantly decreased EC from the right inferior frontal gyrus and right lingual gyrus to the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the HCs in the EC network analysis. The results may indicate that amblyopia altered the visual feedforward and feedback pathway, and amblyopia may have a greater relevance with the feedback pathway than the feedforward pathway. Amblyopia may also correlate with the feedforward of the third visual pathway.

Recognition of Randomly Presented One-, Two-, and Three-Pair Dichotic Digits by Children and Young Adults

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.20.1.6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 058-070 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Deborah W. Moncrieff ◽

Richard H. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Free Recall ◽

Normative Data ◽

Developmental Differences ◽

Group Comparison ◽

Percent Correct ◽

Auditory Rehabilitation ◽

Left Handed ◽

Purpose: To establish normative data for children and to characterize developmental differences in performance with the free recall version of the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test. Research Design: Group comparison of behavioral data derived from administration of the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test. Study Sample: Children from 10 to 18 years of age (167) and young adults from 19 to 28 years of age (50). Results: Performance improved with age across all types of digit pairs, especially in the left ear, leading to smaller interaural asymmetries among older participants. A left-ear advantage was produced by 39 subjects (18%), only two of whom were left-handed. Normative data are reported for right and left ear scores and for interaural asymmetry (percent correct difference between the two ears) under one-, two-, and three-pair conditions of the test and for interaural asymmetry across the entire test. A unilateral deficit was identified in children (15.5%) and young adults (12%) for the left ear and in children (11.3%) and young adults (6%) for the right ear. A bilateral deficit was also identified in children (6.5%) and young adults (6%). Conclusions: This test may be useful as part of the clinical battery for identifying binaural integration weaknesses and referring individuals for auditory rehabilitation for interaural asymmetry (ARIA).