scholarly journals A positron emission tomography study of cerebrovascular reserve before and after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic chronic hydrocephalus

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra M. Klinge ◽  
Georg Berding ◽  
Thomas Brinker ◽  
Wolfram H. Knapp ◽  
Madjid Samii
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reserve ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Object In this study the authors use positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in chronic hydrocephalus. Methods Ten patients whose mean age was 67 ± 10 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) were compared with 10 healthy volunteers who were 25 ±3 years of age. Global CBF and CVR were determined using 15O–H2O and PET prior to shunt placement and 7 days and 7 months thereafter. The CVR was measured using 1 g acetazolamide. Neurological status was assessed based on a score assigned according to the methods of Stein and Langfitt. Seven months after shunt placement, five patients showed clinical improvement (Group A) and five did not (Group B). The average global CBF before shunt deployment was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (40 ± 8 compared with 61 ± 7 ml/100 ml/minute; mean ± SD, p < 0.01). In Group A the CBF values were significantly lower than in Group B (36 ± 7 compared with 44 ± 8 ml/100 ml/minute; p < 0.05). The CVR before surgery, however, was not significantly different between groups (Group A = 43 ± 21%, Group B = 37 ± 29%). After shunt placement, there was an increase in the CVR in Group A to 52 ± 37% after 7 days and to 68 ± 47% after 7 months (p < 0.05), whereas in Group B the CVR decreased to 14 ± 18% (p < 0.05) after 7 days and returned to the preoperative level (39 ± 6%) 7 months after shunt placement. Conclusions The preliminary results indicate that a reduced baseline CBF before surgery does not indicate a poor prognosis. Baseline CBF before shunt placement and preoperative CVR are not predictive of clinical outcome. A decrease in the CVR early after shunt placement, however, is related to poor late clinical outcome, whereas early improvement in the CVR after shunt placement indicates a good prognosis.

A positron emission tomography study of cerebrovascular reserve before and after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic chronic hydrocephalus

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra M. Klinge ◽  
Georg Berding ◽  
Thomas Brinker ◽  
Wolfram H. Knapp ◽  
Madjid Samii
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reserve ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In this study the authors use positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in chronic hydrocephalus.Methods. Ten patients whose mean age was 67 ± 10 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) were compared with 10 healthy volunteers who were 25 ± 3 years of age. Global CBF and CVR were determined using 15O—H2O and PET prior to shunt placement and 7 days and 7 months thereafter. The CVR was measured using 1 g acetazolamide. Neurological status was assessed based on a score assigned according to the methods of Stein and Langfitt.Seven months after shunt placement, five patients showed clinical improvement (Group A) and five did not (Group B). The average global CBF before shunt deployment was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (40 ± 8 compared with 61 ± 7 ml/100 ml/minute; mean ± SD, p < 0.01). In Group A the CBF values were significantly lower than in Group B (36 ± 7 compared with 44 ± 8 ml/100 ml/minute; p < 0.05). The CVR before surgery, however, was not significantly different between groups (Group A = 43 ± 21%, Group B = 37 ± 29%). After shunt placement, there was an increase in the CVR in Group A to 52 ± 37% after 7 days and to 68 ± 47% after 7 months (p < 0.05), whereas in Group B the CVR decreased to 14 ± 18% (p < 0.05) after 7 days and returned to the preoperative level (39 ± 6%) 7 months after shunt placement.Conclusions. The preliminary results indicate that a reduced baseline CBF before surgery does not indicate a poor prognosis. Baseline CBF before shunt placement and preoperative CVR are not predictive of clinical outcome. A decrease in the CVR early after shunt placement, however, is related to poor late clinical outcome, whereas early improvement in the CVR after shunt placement indicates a good prognosis.

Positron Emission Tomography Scans in the Evaluation of Postchemotherapy Residual Masses in Patients With Seminoma

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3457-3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Ganjoo ◽  
Rebecca J. Chan ◽  
Matt Sharma ◽  
Lawrence H. Einhorn
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Group A ◽  
Residual Masses ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pet Scans

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) scans in differentiating between necrosis and viable seminoma in postchemotherapy (PC) residual disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 29 patients with seminoma at Indiana University. All patients had PC residual disease. Computed tomography and PET scans were performed for 19 patients after primary chemotherapy (group A) and for 10 patients after salvage chemotherapy (group B). RESULTS: In group A, the PC masses were ≥ 3 cm in 14 patients, less than 3 cm in three patients, and not quantified in two patients. All of the patients in group A had negative PET scan results and have had stable or decreasing residual mass size (median follow-up duration, 11.5 months; range, 6 to 26 months). In group B, the PC masses were ≥ 3 cm in four patients, less than 3 cm in five patients, and not quantified in one patient. One patient had a positive PET scan result for a posterior mediastinal mass. Pathologic diagnosis of the PET-positive mass showed only necrotic tissue. The same patient had a negative PET scan of the retroperitoneal mass but relapsed in that area. Overall, of patients in group B, five have stable or decreasing mass (median follow-up duration, 8 months; range, 7 to 22 months), and five had relapsed disease. CONCLUSION: PET scans have no apparent benefit in PC evaluation of residual masses in bulky seminoma.

scholarly journals 1043 Association of left ventricular global longitudinal strain with myocardial perfusion evaluated by 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography in hemodialysis patients with preserved ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yamabe ◽  
R Ito ◽  
T Sakakibara ◽  
A Yamada ◽  
S Ohshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an echocardiographic marker to detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction prior to the appearance of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Reduced GLS identified in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) has been reported to be a predictor of their higher mortality and cardiovascular events. On the other hand, pharmacological stress 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography (13N-NH3-PET) has been an established and reliable imaging modality to evaluate myocardial perfusion expressed as coronary flow reserve (CFR) or maximal stress myocardial blood flow (MBF). CFR and MBF are powerful parameters to detect coronary artery disease and to predict cardiovascular events and mortality. However, association between GLS and those myocardial perfusion parameters are not fully understood. Purpose：The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between GLS and the myocardial perfusion parameters of 13N-NH3-PET in HD patients with preserved LVEF. Methods We studied 24 HD patients (mean age 67 years, 67% male) who underwent ATP stress 13N-NH3-PET as well as transthoracic echocardiography including 2-dimensional speckle tracking imaging for suspected ischemic heart disease. Exclusion criteria were as follows: LVEF &lt;50%, moderate to severe valvular diseases, and atrial fibrillation. Myocardial perfusion abnormality (MPA) was defined as CFR &lt;2.0 and/or stress MBF &lt;2.0. Results Mean GLS in all patients was -16.2 ± 3.6%. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on GLS: patients with reduced GLS (&lt;-16%) (Group A, N = 11) and those with preserved GLS (≧-16%) (Group B, N = 14). There were no significant differences between 2 groups in age, gender, body mass index, left ventricular mass index, and average E/e’. Nevertheless, Group A had significantly lower stress MBF than Group B (1.7 ± 0.41 vs 2.0 ± 0.33, p = 0.031). In addition, Group A showed more frequent MPA compared with Group B (81.8% vs 42.9%, p = 0.043). There was a moderate correlation between GLS and stress MBF (r = 0.62, p = 0.0012), whereas no significant correlation was noted between GLS and CFR (r = 0.079, p = 0.71). Conclusion Reduced GLS was significantly associated MPA. MPA may be one of the major contributors to the reduction in GLS in HD patients with preserved LVEF.

5965Perimatrial inflammation measured by fluoine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict new-onset atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hada ◽  
S Iwamiya ◽  
S Hijikata ◽  
T Yoshitake ◽  
H Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pool ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Arterial Inflammation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Fluoine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a useful modality of inflammatory disease. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contains abundant ganglionated plexi, therefore EAT inflammation may cause atrial arrhythmia, such as atrial premature contraction (APC) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous studies have shown that inflammatory activity of EAT has relation to the presence of AF. However, it is unknown whether EAT inflammation contributes to the occurrence of AF. Methods Out of 20720 examinees who underwent FDG-PET/CT for screening of cancer in the years 2012–2018, 151 (aged 65.6±12.0 years old, 62 females) had ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter ECG) within a year and non-detection of AF. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured in fat adjacent to roof of left atrium (ROOF), atrioventricular groove (AV), left main coronary artery (LMT), and right ventricular blood pool (RV). In order to correct for blood pool activity, SUV of ROOF, AV, and LMT were divided by SUV of RV respectively, yielding target-to-background ratio (TBR). As regards to arterial inflammation, measurements were performed with SUV in ascending aorta (A-Ao) and in superior vena cava (SVC) as blood pool. In the same way, SUV of A-Ao was divided by SUV of SVC, yielding TBR. Results According to Holter ECG, APC≥100 beats per day was seen in 60 patients (Group A), but not in the other 91 (Group B). In Group A, TBR of ROOF, AV, and LMT were all significantly higher than Group B (p<0.001, p=0.004, and p=0.008, respectively). During a median follow-up of 179 days, new-onset AF was diagnosed in 7 patients (4 in Group A (6.7%), 3 in Group B (3.3%), p=0.046). There was significant difference in TBR of ROOF between patients with and without new-onset AF (p<0.001), but not in TBR of AV and LMT. In addition, no significant difference was observed in TBR of A-Ao between these two groups. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, TBR of ROOF was found to be an independent predictor of new-onset AF (odds ratio 40.1, 95% confidence interval 6.05 to 265.9, p<0.001). Conclusions Although EAT inflammation evaluated by SUV is related to frequent APCs, only in fat adjacent to roof of left atrium is associated with and predicts future occurrence of AF. Arterial inflammation measured by SUV has no relation to atrial arrhythmia.

scholarly journals [18F]FHPG Positron Emission Tomography for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Experimental HSV Encephalitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 7721-7727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Buursma ◽  
E. F. J. de Vries ◽  
J. Garssen ◽  
D. Kegler ◽  
A. van Waarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most common causes of sporadic encephalitis. The initial clinical course of HSV encephalitis (HSE) is highly variable, and the infection may be rapidly fatal. For effective treatment with antiviral medication, an early diagnosis of HSE is crucial. Subtle brain infections with HSV may be causally related to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's dementia. We investigated the feasibility of a noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technique using [18F]FHPG as a tracer for the detection of HSE. For this purpose, rats received HSV-1 (infected group) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group) by intranasal application, and dynamic PET scans were acquired. In addition, the distribution of tracer accumulation in specific brain areas was studied with phosphor storage imaging. The PET images revealed that the overall brain uptake of [18F]FHPG was significantly higher for the infected group than for control animals. Phosphor storage images showed an enhanced accumulation of [18F]FHPG in regions known to be affected after intranasal infection with HSV. High-performance liquid chromatography metabolite analysis showed phosphorylated metabolites of [18F]FHPG in infected brains, proving that the increased [18F]FHPG uptake in infected brains was due to HSV thymidine kinase-mediated trapping. Freeze lesion experiments showed that damage to the blood-brain barrier could in principle induce elevated [18F]FHPG uptake, but this nonspecific tracer uptake could easily be discriminated from HSE-derived uptake by differences in the tracer kinetics. Our results show that [18F]FHPG PET is a promising tool for the detection of HSV encephalitis.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Surgery with 64Cu-Labeled Cetuximab for Resection of Intrapancreatic Primary and Residual Tumors in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Igarashi ◽  
Yukie Yoshii ◽  
Hideaki Tashima ◽  
Yuma Iwao ◽  
Kohei Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Xenograft Mouse Model ◽  
Guided Surgery ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Orthotopic Xenograft ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very poor prognosis. Surgery is the standard treatment for resectable PC but the accurate intraoperative identification and resection of intrapancreatic tumors remain challenging and tumor residuals frequently cause local recurrence. We have developed a novel open-type positron emission tomography (PET) system (called “OpenPET”) that enables high-resolution PET-guided surgery in real-time. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that OpenPET-guided surgery with ip-administered 64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab can image and remove primary small (< 1 cm) resectable PC tumors in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Here, we further investigated the usefulness of OpenPET-guided surgery for the intraoperative identification and resection of not only primary but also unexpected residual intrapancreatic tumors using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model with large (> 1 cm) resectable PC and examined its survival benefit over conventional surgery.Methods: To establish the model, human PC xPA-1-DC cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were slowly inoculated into the mouse pancreas. To investigate its usefulness, OpenPET-guided surgery was conducted 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of 64Cu-labeled cetuximab (7.4 MBq/mouse). For comparison, similar surgical procedures were conducted, and conventional tumor resection was attempted using only the naked eye (control). The survival rate after OpenPET-guided surgery was compared to that after control operations. Results: The intraoperative OpenPET guidance enabled the detection and resection of both primary and small residual tumors. In this study, 10 residual tumor specimens were intraoperatively isolated with OpenPET guidance (n=7 mice); three and seven tumors were 5–10 mm and 3–5 mm in diameter, respectively. In all isolated specimens, tumor RFP signals were detected. By contrast, no tumor tissue was resected in control group because in this model, the locations and boundaries of primary tumors within the pancreas were not clearly detectable by the naked eye alone. Mice after OpenPET-guided surgery showed significantly longer survival rates than those in control group.Conclusions: OpenPET-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled-cetuximab enabled the intraoperative identification and resection of intrapancreatic primary and residual tumors in vivo. This technology could be useful to prevent tumor residuals during surgery and improve PC survival.

Surveillance Procedures for Patients for Cervical Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanna Zanagnolo ◽  
Lucas Alfonso Minig ◽  
Angelo Gadducci ◽  
Tiziano Maggino ◽  
E. Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Recurrent Cervical Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission

Cervical cancer is still one of the most common malignancies in women. Treatment for cervical cancer is very successful, especially in early stage. However, some patients will experience recurrence. Primary purpose of follow-up programs is early detection of recurrence disease that should be more likely to be amenable to treatment, thereby improving the clinical outcome. Although, in the literature, most studies have shown that the surveillance programs did not improve the clinical outcome of patients with diagnosis of recurrence, this clinical practice is regarded as traditional management. The use of Papanicolaou tests to detect recurrent cervical cancer is not sufficiently justified. The assessment of tumor markers such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen could be useful. Imaging techniques are important for the detection and assessment of recurrent disease. The role of chest radiographs to detect asymptomatic recurrence in patients treated for cervical carcinoma remains controversial. Detection of a new abnormal mass or the changes in the size of a known lesion caused by cancer growth and the determination of the extent of recurrence with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may provide clinical assistance in selection of optimal therapy. The fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography for surveillance only shows 80% of specificity and accuracy with negative predictive value of 100%. Integrated fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography provides precise anatomic localization of suspicious areas and therefore a better diagnostic interpretation with a possible impact on disease-free survival as well. In conclusion, our review confirms the need of prospective studies to compare the effectiveness of different follow-up regimens measuring as outcome overall survival and quality of life parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document