scholarly journals Intraventricular neurocysticercosis: 18 consecutive patients and review of the literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Cuetter ◽  
Russell J. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Object The prognosis for intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC) is poorer than that for parenchymal NCC, making prompt diagnosis and treatment especially important. Although active, viable intraventricular cysts produce no reaction in the host; they can cause noncommunicating hydrocephalus, the onset of which is frequently abrupt. With the death of the larva comes a local granulomatous ependymitis, generalized ventriculitis, and meningoencephalitis. The authors report on 18 patients with IVNCC (accrued from a larger case series of 62 patients with NCC treated over an 11-year period), detailing clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, treatment, and outcome. Methods All patients presented with hydrocephalus and/or meningitis. The most valuable diagnostic tests were magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and EITB of serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment included albenda-zole and steroid therapy in all cases, and when necessary in cases requiring urgent or emergency ventriculostomy and/or surgical removal of the obstructing cyst (followed by shunt placement if indicated). Conclusions An extensive review of the literature on IVNCC has been prepared, with the goal of providing the reader with the information necessary to diagnose and treat this complex and potentially fatal disease in a timely and effective manner.

Pineal Apoplexy: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Majovsky ◽  
David Netuka ◽  
Radim Lipina ◽  
Jan Mraček ◽  
Vladimír Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Pineal Tumor ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Pubmed Database

Abstract Background Pineal apoplexy is a rare condition, with unknown incidence and clinical significance. To elucidate this clinical condition, we analyzed our own case series and performed a review of the literature. Methods We enrolled all patients with a hemorrhagic pineal apoplexy who were referred to our department between January 2000 and January 2020. Hemorrhagic pineal apoplexy was defined as the presence of fluid–fluid levels inside the pineal cyst (PC) on an axial or sagittal magnetic resonance scan. In one patient, after PC apoplexy, we performed a circadian melatonin sampling from peripheral blood to determine the function of the pineal gland. The PubMed database was searched for publications using the terms “pineal” and “apoplexy.” Results Eight patients were enrolled, of which three patients underwent surgical treatment and five patients were managed conservatively. One patient was tested for circadian melatonin secretion. Results confirmed melatonin secretion with preserved physiologic circadian rhythm.Our search of the literature led us to 31 studies that comprised 30 patients with apoplectic PC, 9 with apoplectic pineal tumor, and 1 with bleeding into the normal pineal gland. Most patients presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting, less frequently with acute hydrocephalus and gaze palsy. Twenty patients with a PC underwent resection or aspiration. Two patients underwent shunt placement as the only procedure and five received both shunt and surgical removal. Six patients with a PC were observed without surgical treatment. All the nine patients with a pineal tumor were operated on. In indicated cases, four patients received radiation therapy and one received chemotherapy. Conclusion Clinical significance of hemorrhagic pineal apoplexy ranges from an asymptomatic course to rapid deterioration and death. In patients with mild symptoms, observation is indicated, whereas surgical treatment is reserved for severe cases presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus and includes cerebrospinal fluid diversion, resection of apoplectic pineal lesions, or both.

scholarly journals Tetraventricular central neurocytoma: A rare presentation with imaging.pathologic correlation

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Akakin ◽  
Baran Yilmaz ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Demir ◽  
Ozlem Yapicier ◽  
Zafer Orkun Toktas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Central Neurocytoma ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Atypical Features ◽  
The Brain ◽  
4Th Ventricle

ABSTRACTCentral neurocytoma (CN) is a benign intraventricular neuronal tumor with a favorable prognosis. It accounts approximately 0.25–0.5% of intracranial tumors. In this report, we describe a very rare case of tetraventricular CN with imaging-pathologic correlation, and discuss their atypical features in a location together with treatment options. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of progressive headaches of several months' duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated intraventricular mass with numerous intratumoral cystlike areas. The mass was located in the enlarged lateral ventricles bilaterally extending to the third and the fourth ventricle. Surgical removal of the 4th ventricle component of the tumor was performed. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of the tumor were consistent with CN. After pathological diagnosis, gamma knife surgery was performed. CN may present with atypical features in a location with a usual histopathological findings. To our knowledge, we described the third case of tetraventricular CN, which was partially treated with both surgical resection and radiosurgery.

Delayed Ischemic Deficit after Resection of a Large Intracranial Dermoid: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ecker ◽  
John L. Atkinson ◽  
Douglas A. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Vessel Rupture

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE A unique case of delayed ischemic deficit after resection of a large intracranial dermoid is presented. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 23-year-old woman, 36 hours after the uneventful gross total resection of a large intracranial dermoid cyst, slowly developed a progressive mixed aphasia and right hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography revealed small infarcts of the left putamen and temporal-occipital junction and a vasospastic tapering of the left M1 segment. INTERVENTION Angiography confirmed severe vasospastic tapering of the left M1 and M2 segments. Endovascular treatment successfully restored flow in the left superior division. However, the initial attempt at low-pressure dilation of the inferior division led to vessel rupture. Seven months after reoperation for emergent trapping of the M1 segment, the patient made an excellent recovery, with only mild right-hand incoordination. CONCLUSION Ruptured dermoid cysts are a risk for early and delayed cerebral ischemia, and endovascular treatment of dermoid-encased vessels may carry a higher risk for rupture.

Ganglioglioma Presenting as a Meningioma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawar Siddique ◽  
Michael Zagardo ◽  
Meena Gujrati ◽  
William Olivero
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Catheter Angiography ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Axial Mass ◽  
Posterior Division ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Gangliogliomas are intra-axial, avascular masses located predominately in the temporal lobe. A ganglioglioma that mimics a meningioma in that it is extra-axial and has a significant extracranial vascular supply has not been reported previously. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old girl presented with a right temporoparietal mass. A neurological examination revealed nothing abnormal, and the girl's symptoms were limited to headaches. INTERVENTION: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial mass, and cerebral catheter angiography revealed a blood supply mainly from the posterior division of the right middle meningeal artery. Intraoperative findings confirmed the extra-axial location of the tumor, and histological analysis revealed that the tumor was a ganglioglioma. CONCLUSION: This report confirms that gangliogliomas can present as extra-axial, vascular masses that are similar to meningiomas.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Refractory Ulcers and Postoperative Nonhealing Wound: Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Shiva S Jha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT Lower limb ulcers including nonhealing postoperative wounds are challenging problems, especially to orthopedic surgeons. Such ulcers are recognized complications of rheumatoid arthritis but the scenario has changed for the better since the advent of aggressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Out of different types of lower limb ulcerations including venous, arterial, lymphatic, malignancies, infection, medication induced and inflammatory, autoimmune inflammatory conditions need to be delineated. They can be improved, though slowly with DMARDs. The pathogenesis is multifactorial but most prevalent are vasculitis. The various investigative tools for diagnosing the causes of these ulcers include plethysmography, ultrasound, angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, chromosomal analysis, and, most importantly, skin biopsy. Clinical presentation of the patient still remains the supreme disease tracker. Review of the literature is presented to ascertain the evidence for best clinical practice. How to cite this article Jha SS. Lower Limb Refractory Ulcers and Postoperative Nonhealing Wound: Review of the Literature. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(1):10-13.

Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Case Series in Southern New England and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001079
Author(s):  
Mayra Montalvo ◽  
Dana Ayoub ◽  
Michael McGary ◽  
Katrina Byrd ◽  
Leana Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Csf Pleocytosis

ABSTRACTPurposeof review: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes of four confirmed Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) cases and a review of the literatureRecent findings:There was a sharp rise in the number of EEE cases in the US in 2019, with 38 confirmed cases and 15 deaths. Our institution cared for 10% of patients with neuro-invasive EEE nationwide. These were the first cases seen locally since 2010.Summary:EEE virus causes one of the most lethal types of arboviral encephalitis in the US with a mortality of 30-40%. Manifestations of EEE infections can range from mild encephalopathy to coma. Common findings include CSF pleocytosis and involvement of the basal ganglia on MRI. Given the rarity of this disease and nonspecific findings, diagnosis can be challenging and a high clinical suspicion is important. Management is mainly supportive and the use of IVIg remains controversial. Two of our four patients died; these patients had coma within 48 hours, hyponatremia, involvement of bilateral thalami and brainstem, status epilepticus, and severe brain dysfunction in EEG.

scholarly journals Postictal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes Masquerading as Brain Tumor Progression: A Case Series

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasie M. Dunn-Pirio ◽  
Santoshi Billakota ◽  
Katherine B. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Radiographic Changes

Seizures are common among patients with brain tumors. Transient, postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are a long recognized phenomenon. However, these radiographic changes are not as well studied in the brain tumor population. Moreover, reversible neuroimaging abnormalities following seizure activity may be misinterpreted for tumor progression and could consequently result in unnecessary tumor-directed treatment. Here, we describe two cases of patients with brain tumors who developed peri-ictal pseudoprogression and review the relevant literature.

Primary Intradural Classic Chondrosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jark Jan Daniël Bosma ◽  
Ramez Wadie Kirollos ◽  
John Broome ◽  
Paul Richard Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Exact Origin

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE The exact origin of rare intradural chondrosarcomas remains obscure. We present a case report of an intradural classic chondrosarcoma (a very rare subtype of chondrosarcoma in this location), with a review of the literature, in an attempt to clarify the histogenesis of these tumors. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 48-year-old man presented with a 12-month history of progressive right hemiparesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left parietal space-occupying lesion. INTERVENTION The patient underwent an image-guided, left parietal parasagittal craniotomy. An extrinsic tumor, which seemed to arise from the dura, was macroscopically removed. There was no bone involvement. The histological examination revealed a Grade II classic chondrosarcoma with tumor infiltration into the dura. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. CONCLUSION Intradural chondrosarcomas are rare tumors, the majority of which are mesenchymal. Classic chondrosarcomas in this location are much rarer. Their histogenesis is uncertain. In this case, the origin seems to be from the dura. Because of the malignant potential of these tumors, radical extirpation whenever possible, followed by radiotherapy, is indicated.

Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neuroangiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease)

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Wun ◽  
Richard Malik ◽  
Jane Yu ◽  
Kathleen E. Chow ◽  
Michelle Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the brain and spinal cord in humans with neuroangiostrongyliasis (NA) due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection has been well reported. Equivalent studies in animals are lacking. This case series describes clinical and MRI findings in 11 dogs with presumptively or definitively diagnosed NA. MRI of the brain and/or spinal cord was performed using high-field (1.5 T) or low-field (0.25 T) scanners using various combinations of transverse, sagittal, dorsal and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W), transverse, sagittal and dorsal T2-weighted (T2W), T2W fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*-weighted (T2*W) gradient echo (GRE), dorsal T2W short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and post-gadolinium transverse, sagittal, dorsal and 3D T1W and transverse T2W FLAIR sequences. In 4/6 cases where the brain was imaged, changes consistent with diffuse meningoencephalitis were observed. Evidence of meningeal involvement was evident even when not clinically apparent. The spinal cord was imaged in 9 dogs, with evidence of meningitis and myelitis detected in regions consistent with the observed neuroanatomical localization. Pathognomonic changes of neural larva migrans, as described in some human patients with NA, were not detected. NA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with MRI evidence of focal or diffuse meningitis, myelitis and/or encephalitis, especially in areas where A. cantonensis is endemic. If not precluded by imaging findings suggestive of brain herniation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection for cytology, fluid analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing should be considered mandatory in such cases after the MRI studies.

Lyme-associated uveitis: Clinical spectrum and review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Bernard ◽  
Pascal Seve ◽  
Amro Abukhashabh ◽  
Chantal Roure-Sobas ◽  
Andre Boibieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Background: Clinical presentation of Lyme-associated uveitis is poorly described. We reported here a case series of seven patients with uveitis related to Lyme disease and a review of the literature. Methods: A retrospective study in our university hospital between 1 May 2003 and 31 July 2016 on 1006 uveitis patients and review of Pubmed library. Results: Seven patients (71.4% male, mean age = 53 (38–70)) were diagnosed with a Lyme-associated uveitis. All anatomical types of uveitis were found (four intermediate, three anterior, and three posterior uveitis); most were unilateral (n = 6; 85.7%), one granulomatous and two with synechiae. Peripheral retinal vasculitis was present in four patients. They all had a risk of exposure or extra-ophthalmological symptoms. Antibiotic and steroid treatment was rapidly effective in all patients. Four patients presented recurrences of uveitis, of whom two received a second antibiotic treatment, which is quite common in literature. Persistent or recurrence of symptoms can be explained by three hypotheses: (1) reinfection, (2) relapse of original infection, and (3) autoimmune reaction. Conclusion: Lyme-associated uveitis appears varied. Hyalitis and involvement of the posterior segment and retinal vasculitis seem to be rather frequent. Its prognosis is mainly good, even if inflammation can be resistant or recurring.

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