The dilemma of childhood optic gliomas

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Oxenhandler ◽  
Martin P. Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A retrospective series reviewing 28 cases of optic glioma in childhood is reported from the Columbus Children's Hospital. The literature is reviewed from a clinical and pathological standpoint; in the pathological literature there is support for consideration of these lesions as a neoplastic entity, but none for designation of these gliomas as “hamartomas.” An approach to the management of optic gliomas is presented. Treatment should be tailored to the individual patient; no clear therapeutic protocol appears to be supported by available data.

Development of the Spitz—Holter valve in Philadelphia

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Boockvar ◽  
William Loudon ◽  
Leslie N. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Shunt Valve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The history of the treatment for hydrocephalus dates back to the Fertile Crescent thousands of years ago. Despite three millennia of management, significant advances in the surgical treatment of the disease have been infrequent. During the 1950s, a milestone occurred at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, with the successful development of the first working shunt valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. In this historical vignette, based on recent interviews with John Holter, D.Sc. (Hon) and Eugene Spitz, M.D., and on a review of the available literature, the authors narrate the exciting story of the development of the Spitz-Holter valve, which took place in Philadelphia during the early 1950s.

Lumboperitoneal shunts

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard M. Eisenberg ◽  
Robin I. Davidson ◽  
John Shillito
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bypass Procedure ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Hospital Medical ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A series of 34 lumboperitoneal shunts performed at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, for communicating hydrocephalus is reviewed. The ease of placement and revision of this shunt, the relatively benign complications that occurred, and the fact that 21 of these 34 patients are still using lumboperitoneal shunts with good control of the hydrocephalus have justified continuing use of this method as the initial bypass procedure in the treatment of communicating hydrocephalus.

Visual changes after gamma knife surgery for optic nerve tumors

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Kwon ◽  
Jun Seok Bae ◽  
Jae Myung Kim ◽  
Do Hee Lee ◽  
Soon Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma ◽  
Optic Nerve Tumors ◽  
Visual Changes ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Tumors involving the optic nerve (optic glioma, optic nerve sheath meningioma) are benign but difficult to treat. Gamma knife surgery (GKS) may be a useful treatment. The authors present data obtained in three such cases and record the effects of GKS.

Index for optimum ventricular catheter length

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Semih İ. Keskil ◽  
Necdet Çeviker ◽  
Kemali Baykaner ◽  
Hizir Alp
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The optimum length of a ventricular catheter to be placed in a particular patient may be difficult to determine when either intraoperative ultrasound is not available or considerable time has elapsed between the diagnostic computerized tomography scan and the operation. An index for estimating ventricular length based on the head circumference of the individual is described. This method was tested clinically and proved to be successful.

Chiasmal apoplexy

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Maitland ◽  
Seisho Abiko ◽  
William F. Hoyt ◽  
Charles B. Wilson ◽  
Tomomi Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
High Density ◽  
Vascular Anomalies ◽  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Spontaneous Bleeding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surgical Evacuation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Four patients with chiasmal syndromes were found to have intrachiasmal hematomas. Computerized tomography scans showed high-density suprasellar masses in all cases. Cryptic vascular anomalies were presumed to be responsible for spontaneous bleeding into the chiasm in three of the cases. In the remaining case, hemorrhage was due to an occult optic glioma. Surgical evacuation of clotted blood resulted in improved visual function in three of the four cases.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Features of Decreased Chlorhexidine Susceptibility among Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus Isolates at Texas Children's Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chase McNeil ◽  
Eric Y. Kok ◽  
Jesus G. Vallejo ◽  
Judith R. Campbell ◽  
Kristina G. Hulten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Topical Antimicrobials ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

ABSTRACTOne of the strategies utilized to decrease infections in the hospital setting relies on topical antimicrobials and antiseptics. While their use is beneficial, concerns arise over the potential to develop resistance or tolerance to these agents. We examined nosocomialStaphylococcus aureusisolates from 2007 to 2013 for the presence of genes associated with tolerance to chlorhexidine. Isolates and patients were identified from anS. aureussurveillance study at Texas Children's Hospital. NosocomialS. aureusisolates (those causing infection at ≥72 h of hospitalization) were identified and underwent PCR for theqacAorqacB(qacA/B) andsmrgenes associated with elevated minimum bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine. Molecular typing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), andagrtyping and a review of the medical record were performed. Two hundred forty-seven nosocomialS. aureusinfections were identified. Overall, 111 isolates carried one or both genes (44.9%); 33.1% were positive forsmr, 22.7% were positive forqacA/B, and 10.9% of the isolates possessed both genes. Thesmr-positive isolates were more often resistant to methicillin, ciprofloxacin, and/or clindamycin. The isolates positive forqacA/Bwere more often associated with indwelling central venous catheters and a vancomycin MIC of ≥2 μg/ml. Isolates carrying eithersmrorqacA/Bwere associated with a diagnosis of bacteremia. Thesmr-positive isolates more often belonged to sequence type 8 (ST8) than the isolates that were positive forqacA/B. Mupirocin resistance was detected in 2.8% of the isolates. Antiseptic-tolerantS. aureusstrains are common in our children's hospital and are associated with decreased susceptibility to other systemic antimicrobials and with bloodstream infections. Further work is needed to understand the implications that these organisms have on the hospital environment and antiseptic use in the future.

Ideal physical features of environmental design in children’s hospital

Facilities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 445-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Nourmusavi Nasab ◽  
Amir Reza Karimi Azeri ◽  
Seyedjalal Mirbazel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Physical Features

Purpose During hospitalization, children are faced with physical disorders and many psychological challenges. One important factor affecting children is the environmental design of the hospital. The inappropriate design of hospitals may contribute to an increase in fear, anxiety and behavioral disorders. The purpose of this study is to use children’s perspectives to evaluate the importance and impact of effective environmental factors to generate children’s hospital design guidelines. Design/methodology/approach In this study, children’s desired atmosphere during treatment was examined via 16 drawings and 24 interviews from children at a children’s hospital in Iran. Findings The encoding of information extracted environmental components such as window view, color, hobby, playing, decorations, family presence, structure of hospital, presence of nurse, furniture, water features, light and green space. The results indicate that children prefer a hospital environment that provides entertainment facilities while also offering design features such as the presence of light, colorful decorations, the existence of green spaces and conditions suitable for their families to be present. Research limitations/implications Depending on the location and their living conditions, the children’s prioritization can be different in any society. In addition, the data of this research was descriptive; thus, the conclusions must be considered tentative. Originality/value A number of studies focus on the needs of populations in developed countries. This topic has not been investigated in a major way via professionals in non-western countries such as Iran. Thus, the context of this study and present findings can be deemed unique.

Current reporting of responsiveness in acute cerebral disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Starmark ◽  
Eddy Holmgren ◽  
Daniel Stålhammar
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Patient Responsiveness ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fine Print

✓ One hundred sixty-six papers published in seven neurosurgical journals from 1983 through 1985 have been surveyed to determine the methods used for assessment of overall patient responsiveness in acute cerebral disorders (coma grading). Fifty-one different coma scales or modifications were found. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) sum score (that is, the sum of the scores of the individual eye, verbal, and motor scales) dominated (54%), and was used in 73 (76%) of 96 of the head-injury studies; in 56 (77%) of these 73 studies it was the single method of grading neurological status. The GCS sum score was used in 16 (23%) of 70 studies in patients with other etiologies. The Hunt and Hess scale was used in 26 (57%) of 46 reports of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In 31 (55%) of the 56 studies of head injuries using the GCS alone, it was not obvious if the 12- or 13-grade scale was used. In 13 studies (23%) no reference to methodological investigations was made. In 44 papers (79%) the handling of untestable features, such as intubation or swollen eyes, was not reported. In the 56 studies using the GCS alone, coma was defined in many different ways and in 22 studies the definition of coma was not specified. In 63% of reports, the GCS sum score scale was combined in one to five groups of scores and this was done in 32 different ways. No information was available to describe the procedure of data aggregation or the reliability of the 13-grade GCS sum score. The lack of standardization makes it unnecessarily difficult to perform valid comparisons between different series of patients. Since the GCS sum score is the most widely used scale, it is suggested that the reporting of the GCS sum score should be standardized regarding pseudoscoring, coma definition, and use of combined scores. Further studies on the reliability of the GCS sum score are needed.

scholarly journals Variation in Resistance Traits, Phylogenetic Backgrounds, and Virulence Genotypes among Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Adjacent Hospital Campuses Serving Distinct Patient Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5331-5339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Drawz ◽  
Stephen Porter ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Children’S Hospital

ABSTRACTEscherichia colisequence type 13 (ST131), an emergent cause of multidrug-resistant extraintestinal infections, has important phylogenetic subsets, notably theH30 andH30Rx subclones, with distinctive resistance profiles and, possibly, clinical associations. To clarify the local prevalence of these ST131 subclones and their associations with antimicrobial resistance, ecological source, and virulence traits, we extensively characterized 233 consecutiveE. coliclinical isolates (July and August 2013) from the University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview Infectious Diseases and Diagnostic Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN, which serves three adjacent facilities (a children's hospital and low- and high-acuity adult facilities). ST131 accounted for 26% of the study isolates (more than any other clonal group), was distributed similarly by facility, and was closely associated with ciprofloxacin resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. TheH30 andH30Rx subclones accounted for most ST131 isolates and for the association of ST131 with fluoroquinolone resistance and ESBL production. Unlike ST131per se, these subclones were distributed differentially by hospital, being most prevalent at the high-acuity adult facility and were absent from the children's hospital. The virulence gene profiles of ST131 and its subclones were distinctive and more extensive than those of other fluoroquinolone-resistant or ESBL-producing isolates. Within ST131,blaCTX-M-15was confined toH30Rx isolates and otherblaCTX-Mvariants to non-RxH30 isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis documented a predominance of globally distributed pulsotypes and no local outbreak pattern. These findings help clarify the epidemiology, ecology, and bacterial correlates of theH30 andH30Rx ST131 subclones by documenting a high overall prevalence but significant segregation by facility, strong associations with fluoroquinolone resistance and specific ESBL variants, and distinctive virulence gene associations that may confer fitness advantages over other resistantE. coli.

Craniopharyngioma with optic canal enlargement simulating glioma of the optic chiasm

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Block ◽  
John A. Goree ◽  
John P. Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canal Enlargement ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of bilateral enlargement of the optic canals by a craniopharyngioma is documented, and the differential diagnosis from optic glioma is discussed.

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