Intracranial lipoma

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Kazner ◽  
Otto Stochdorph ◽  
Sigurd Wende ◽  
Thomas Grumme
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Shunt Operation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intracranial Lipoma ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Eleven cases of intracranial lipoma, diagnosed during life by computerized tomography (CT) scanning, are presented. Clinical symptoms related to the lesions were present in eight. The CT scan establishes the diagnosis of intracranial lipoma on the basis of typical x-ray absorption and location. Only dermoid cysts and teratomas may produce a similar CT appearance. In cases of intracranial lipoma, a direct surgical approach is seldom necessary, although in certain locations, lipomas may cause blockage of cerebrospinal fluid pathways and require a shunt operation.

Age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid space measured using volumetric computerized tomography scanning

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Wanifuchi ◽  
Takashi Shimizu ◽  
Takashi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Age Related Changes

Object. The purpose of this study was to establish a standard curve to demonstrate normal age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in intracranial volume (ICV) during each decade of life. Methods. Using volumetric computerized tomography (CT) scanning and computer-guided volume measurement software, ICV and cerebral parenchymal volume (CPV) for each decade of life were measured and the intracranial CSF ratio was calculated by the following formula: percentage of CSF = (ICV − CPV)/ICV × 100%. The standard curve for age-related changes in normal percentages of intracranial CSF was obtained. Conclusions. Based on this standard curve, the percentage of intracranial CSF rapidly increased after the sixth decade, seeming to reflect the brain atrophy that accompanies increased age.

Bacterial meningitis caused by the use of ventricular or lumbar cerebrospinal fluid catheters

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier P. Schade ◽  
Janke Schinkel ◽  
Leo G. Visser ◽  
J. Marc C. van Dijk ◽  
Joan H. C. Voormolen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventricular Catheters ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In the present study the authors compared the incidence and risk factors for external drainage—related bacterial meningitis (ED-BM) by using ventricular and lumbar catheters. Methods. A cohort of 230 consecutive patients with ED was evaluated. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained daily for microbiological culture, and ED-BM was defined based on culture results in combination with clinical symptoms. The incidence of ED-BM was 7% in lumbar and 15% in ventricular drains. Independent risk factors included site leakage, drain blockage, and most importantly duration of ED. Despite a higher infection rate, ventricular catheters did not have a significant higher risk of infection after correcting for duration of drainage. Conclusions. Analysis of data in the present study showed that the incidence of ED-associated death is low (0.45%) in patients who do not receive continuous antibiotic prophylaxis during ED.

Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: influence of tumor size and surgical approach on incidence and response to treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Brennan ◽  
David W. Rowed ◽  
Julian M. Nedzelski ◽  
Joseph M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aims of this study were to review the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage complicating the removal of acoustic neuroma and to identify factors that influence its occurrence and treatment. Methods. Prospective information on consecutive patients who underwent operation for acoustic neuroma was supplemented by a retrospective review of the medical records in which patients with CSF leaks complicating tumor removal were identified. This paper represents a continuation of a previously published series and thus compiles the authors' continuous experience over the last 24 years of practice. In 624 cases of acoustic neuroma the authors observed an overall incidence of 10.7% for CSF leak. The rate of leakage was significantly lower in the last 9 years compared with the first 15, most likely because of the abandonment of the combined translabyrinthine (TL)—middle fossa exposure. There was no difference in the leakage rate between TL and retrosigmoid (RS) approaches, although there were differences in the site of the leak (wound leaks occurred more frequently after a TL and otorrhea after an RS approach, respectively). Tumor size (maximum extracanalicular diameter) had a significant effect on the leakage rate overall and for RS but not for TL procedures. The majority of leaks ceased with nonsurgical treatments (18% with expectant management and 49% with lumbar CSF drainage). However, TL leaks (especially rhinorrhea) required surgical repair significantly more often than RS leaks. This has not been reported previously. Conclusions. The rate of CSF leakage after TL and RS procedures has remained stable. Factors influencing its occurrence include tumor size but not surgical approach. The TL-related leaks had a significantly higher surgical repair rate than RS-related leaks, an additional factor to consider when choosing an approach. The problem of CSF leakage becomes increasingly important as nonsurgical treatments for acoustic neuroma are developed.

Extraosseous extradural tuberculous granuloma simulating a herniated lumbar disc

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balaparameswara Rao ◽  
I. Dinakar ◽  
K. Sreenivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Disc Prolapse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Herniated Lumbar Disc ◽  
Tuberculous Granuloma ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 25-year-old man with left-sided sciatica, in whom the cerebrospinal fluid and x-ray films of the spine were normal, was diagnosed as having a L5-S1 disc prolapse. At surgery extradural, extraosseous granulation tissue was removed, which histologically proved to be a tuberculous granuloma.

Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
Fumoto Nakajima ◽  
Satoshi Fujii ◽  
Takao Kitahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Shunt Operation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Density Area ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Three cases are presented in which a rare complication occurred after a shunt operation for hydrocephalus. On postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans, extensive low-density areas appeared in the white matter along the ventricular catheter. After shunt revision, gradual resolution or disappearance of the low-density area was clearly demonstrated on CT. In one patient, a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was confirmed at operation and appeared to lie in the extracellular spaces of the white matter. The phenomenon is considered to be localized CSF edema, different from porencephaly.

Brain abscesses in neonates

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Renier ◽  
Cécile Flandin ◽  
Elizabeth Hirsch ◽  
Jean-François Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Shunt Complication ◽  
Iq Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Since the introduction of ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) scanning, brain abscesses are found more frequently in cases of neonatal meningitis and septicemia, particularly when the offending pathogen is Proteus. Thirty cases of brain abscess in neonates are reported, 27 of which were caused by Proteus species infections. Twenty infants had meningitis and 13 had septicemia. Most of the abscesses were enormous, and multiple abscesses were observed in 17 cases. The frontal region was involved in 22 cases (12 unilaterally and 10 bilaterally). The ventricles were enlarged on the first CT scan in 13 cases. The abscesses were treated by aspiration and antibiotics in 25 cases, and by antibiotics alone in five. A shunt for hydrocephalus was necessary in 14 infants. Four infants died, three from the initial illness and one from a shunt complication. Sixteen children have seizures. Subsequent intelligence quotient (IQ) testing was performed in 22 children: eight (36%) have an IQ at or above 80 and eight have an IQ of less than 60. In the 17 children followed for more than 2 years, the proportion with an IQ at or above 80 fell to 24% (four cases). The absence of initial seizures, sterile cerebrospinal fluid, normal ventricles on CT scans, and early aspiration of the abscess seem to be factors portending a better prognosis in terms of epilepsy and mental sequelae.

Delineation of the obex by contrast radiography during percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Contrast Radiography ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Accuracy of percutaneous implantation of an electrode into the descending trigeminal tract can be improved substantially by contrast radiography. A translateral x-ray film taken after 1 cc of Pantopaque emulsified with 1 cc of cerebrospinal fluid has been injected by midline puncture of the cisterna magna will outline the floor of the fourth ventricle, the obex, and the dorsum of the medulla oblongata. Injection is made under mild pressure and with the patient prone. This technique has been used successfully on 12 patients.

An investigation of structural degradation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valves performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Sgouros ◽  
Susan J. Dipple
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Programmable Valve ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Scanning Electron

Object. Surveys of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts that have been removed from patients have shown that even when the ventricular catheter is the cause of the obstruction, the valve may be obstructed or underperforming. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the degradation of shunt valve structure over time due to the deposition of debris. The findings were compared with findings in unused valves. Methods. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the structures of the valves. The items that were examined included two unused and nine explanted cylindrical medium pressure valves, one unused and six explanted Delta 1.5 valves (PS Medical, Goleta, CA), and one explanted Medos Programmable valve (Codman Johnson & Johnson, LeLocle, Switzerland). The valves were cut open, disassembled, and coated in gold. The areas that were analyzed included the main valve chamber, the diaphragm unit, and the antisiphon device. For areas with abnormal deposits, energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis was performed to establish the chemical composition of the deposits. The reference unused valves had smooth surfaces with no deposits in any areas. All explanted valves had extensive deposits in all surveyed areas. The deposits varied from small clusters of crystals to large areas that displayed a cobblestone appearance. In diaphragm valves the deposits extensively affected the surface of the diaphragm and the gap between the diaphragm and the surrounding case, where normally CSF flows; in the Medos valve the deposits affected in the spring and “staircase” unit. Deposits were present as early as 2 weeks after implantation. On some valves there was a complete film covering the entire outlet of the valve, which formed a cast inside the valve stretching from wall to wall. The deposits consisted mostly of sodium and chloride, but occasionally contained calcium. In all infected and some noninfected valves there was a significant peak of carbon, indicating the presence of protein deposits. Conclusions. It appears that the continuous flow of CSF through shunt valves causes surface deposits of sodium chloride and other crystals on all aspects of the valve, including the outlet pathways. The formation of deposits may be encouraged by the adhesive properties of the materials that constitute the valve parts.

Axial ventriculography

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Picaza ◽  
Sam E. Hunter ◽  
Bland W. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Burr Hole ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stereotaxic Surgery ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A technique for visualization of the axial ventricular structures has proved to be useful in stereotaxic surgery. The method incorporates a surgical approach through a coronal burr hole, a Seletz rubber ventricular cannula for catheterization, Conray as the contrast medium, and an x-ray technique in which the tube and not the patient's head is mobile. The side effects have been mild and transitory, and no major complications have occurred.

Documentation of fourth ventricle entrapment by metrizamide ventriculography with CT scanning

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Collada ◽  
Joseph Kott ◽  
David G. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Documentation by metrizamide ventriculography with computerized tomography (CT) of fourth ventricle entrapment is presented. Reevaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways is suggested whenever fourth ventricle enlargment is seen on CT scans of patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts for communicating hydrocephalus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document