The role of surgery in the management of supratentorial intermediate and high-grade astrocytomas in adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules M. Nazzaro ◽  
Edward A. Neuwelt
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

✓ In this analysis, the authors review studies over the last 50 years addressing the association between long-term survival and type of surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas. Earlier reports are included because they are repeatedly referenced in current works and clearly are an important basis upon which present attitudes are predicated. Because recent work has definitively demonstrated the significance of prognostic variables on outcome, the handling of such factors in studies that investigated survival data according to degree of surgery is emphasized. Study design, experimental methods used, and methods of data analysis are also examined. This analysis shows that there is little justification for dogmatic statements concerning the relationship between increasing patient survival times and aggressive surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas, if patients receive postoperative radiotherapy.

Statistical analysis of clinicopathological features, radiotherapy, and survival in 170 cases of oligodendroglioma

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Fredrik Lindegaard ◽  
Sverre J. Mørk ◽  
Geir E. Eide ◽  
Tore B. Halvorsen ◽  
Reidulv Hatlevoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postoperative Irradiation

✓ The postoperative survival time of 170 nonrandomized patients treated for cerebral oligodendrogliomas in Norway from 1953 to 1977 was studied. Survival times were significantly prolonged if postoperative irradiation was performed in addition to surgery (median survival time 26.5 vs. 38 months, p = 0.039). In the group without postoperative radiotherapy, the 5-year rate of survival was 27% compared with 36% in the irradiated patients. The respective survival rates after 8 years were 14% versus 17%; thus, there was little effect on long-term survival. Irradiation appears not to be of benefit after “total” removal. Patients with partly resected lesions appeared to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy; the median survival period after subtotal tumor resection was 37 months with and 26 months without radiotherapy (p = 0.0089). The findings also indicate that irradiation doses between 40 and 50 Gy were as effective as doses between 50 and 60 Gy in increasing the patients' probability of surviving 5 years after subtotal tumor resection. Since the risk of radiation necrosis is proportional to the dose applied, the lower dose is recommended. These conclusions were also valid when adjustments were made for prognostically significant histological and clinical features.

A Simulation Study Using Validated Prognostic Factors to Assess Expected Long-term Survival

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hasford ◽  
M. Pfirrmann
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
Risk Patients

Summary Objectives: In chronic myeloid leukemia, after promising results in major cytogenetic remission (MCR), longterm survival data on imatinib treatment is of particular interest, especially in relation to former standard treatment based on interferon-alpha. However, data is still unavailable and due to high remission rates, most patients randomized to interferon-alpha in a clinical trial crossed over to imatinib. Therefore, to assess the expected long-term survival advantage with imatinib, a simulation study based on prognostic factors validated for interferon-alpha treatment was performed. Methods: In interferon-alpha-treated patients with intermediate-risk and low-risk according to the established New CML score, survival probabilities of patients with MCR were significantly higher than those of patients without MCR. Three samples with simulated survival data for imatinib-treated intermediate-risk patients were constituted by randomly drawing varying percentages of their survival times from interferon-alpha-treated intermediate-risk patients with MCR and the remaining data from intermediate-risk patients without MCR. The same procedure was applied to low-risk patients. Results: The 10-year survival probabilities of interferon-alpha-treated intermediate-risk and low-risk patients were 0.22 and 0.37. In the simulated samples, when 80%, 65%, and 50% of survival times were as favorable as for interferon-alpha-treated patients with MCR, respectively, the corresponding survival probabilities were 0.43 and 0.57, 0.36 and 0.49, and 0.30 and 0.42. Conclusions: In all simulation samples, increments of survival probabilities by imatinib were predicted, although survival probabilities of patients with MCR were assumed to be lower than with interferon-alpha. Prognosticated survival advantage with imatinib is backed by increasing observation time of imatinib-treated patients in real studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship Between Organizational Entrepreneurship and the Performance of Qom Telecom Center with the Role of Moderating Perceived Environmental Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karehvand
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, environmental circumstances and business rules of organizations are complicate, active and uncertain, so, they cannot assurance their long- term survival through some actions such as, structural changes and methods or relying on creativity of some people in organization. Companies and organizations should prepare conditions to institutionalize entrepreneurial culture in their organization. Corporate entrepreneurship can improve the value of the organization. The entrepreneurial oriented organizations are more responsive for environment and market changes. Opportunity recognition is the base of being successful. The research is applied and in terms of method is descriptive. Data were analyzed, using Linear Regression and Multiple Moderated Regression (MMR) and SPSS software. In this research the effects of organizational entrepreneurship (innovation, proactiveness and risk-taking) on performance of the centers influenced by environmental factors (government’s strategies, competitiveness and technology) as moderating variables, were studied. Furthermore, the study presents that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational entrepreneurship and performance. Although the study does not show any significant moderating effect of environmental factors (Government’s strategies, competitiveness and technology) on the relationship between organizational entrepreneurship and performance, however, the result of the study manifests direct relationship between environmental factors and performance of such centers.

Ocular adnexal lymphoma in Denmark: a nationwide study of 387 cases from 1980 to 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315637
Author(s):  
Frederik Holm ◽  
Lauge Hjorth Mikkelsen ◽  
Peter Kamper ◽  
Peter Kristian Rasmussen ◽  
Thomas Stauffer Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma ◽  
Long Term Study

BackgroundNationwide studies of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) are very rare in the literature, and knowledge on incidence, subtype distribution and long-term survival data is limited. This is the largest national study of OAL to date. This study sought to find information on incidence, changes in incidence, clinical findings, distribution of subtypes, survival and prognostic factors.MethodsPatients diagnosed with OAL from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2017 were identified in Danish registers, and clinical as well as survival data were collected. The data were analysed with Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test.Results387 patients were included in the study. The major lymphoma subtypes were extranodal marginal-zone B cell lymphoma (EMZL) (55%), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (13%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (11%) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (10%). OAL is a disease of the elderly (median age 69 years). The incidence of lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region has increased significantly throughout the time period of the study (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.65; P<0.001). In the period 1980–1984, the incidence was 0.086 per 100 000, which increased to 0.307 per 100 000 in the period 2013–2017. Low-grade, low-stage primary lymphomas were treated with radiotherapy, whereas patients with high-stage, high-grade and/or relapsed disease were treated with chemotherapy. Low-grade subtypes EMZL (89%) and FL (56%) had better 10-year disease-specific survival than the high-grade lymphomas DLBCL (38%) and MCL (31%)(p<0.001).ConclusionOAL is increasing in incidence in the Danish population for unknown reasons. However, the prognosis for most OAL is favourable, as highlighted in this national long-term study.

SMEs’ marketing performance: the mediating role of market entry capability

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-146
Author(s):  
Nuryakin ◽  
Elia Ardyan
Keyword(s):  
Market Entry ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Network Competence ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aims to examine an empirical evidence of the relationship between relational capital, network competence and market entry capabilities on marketing performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) furniture export orientation in Central Java, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a quantitative research approach to investigate the relationship between relational capital, network competence, market entry capabilities and marketing performance. To achieve the research objectives, data were collected from managers or owners of furniture export orientation in Central Java, Indonesia. Using structural equation modeling, and after a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzed, the authors tested an integrated model of the relationship between relational capital, network competence, market entry capabilities and marketing performance.FindingsThe result of this study indicates that relational capital has a positive significant effect on marketing performance. Relational capital has an insignificant effect on market entry capabilities. Network competence has a positive effect on market entry capabilities. Market entry capabilities have a positive effect on marketing performance. Other results also show that market entry capabilities can mediate the influence of network competence and marketing performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this research indicates that respondents in this research are very varied, if it is seen from their background into furniture business development, whereas many respondents do not have enough understanding of the questionnaire distributed. This research is only developed at the SMEs’ furniture area, so it cannot be generalized at the other organizational area. The influencing of relational capital result in market entry capability has not suitable with theory built. It is because inaccurate dimension market entry capability has been applied in this research. For future research, it is suggested to look for alternative dimension of market entry capability.Practical implicationsBased on the analysis results and discussion, it can be formulated that managerial implication explains the following steps: first, a company should focus on long-period relationship development. Focus on long-period relationship development will increase customer loyalty and company performance. Moreover, the customer has long-term relationship with organization, although instability condition because of the belief in long-period relationship and strong commitment to each other. The evidence from this study suggests that’s the organization needs to develop the long-term relationship with customer. Second, networking competency is important in market entry capability. Relationship can change anytime; therefore, the company has to have a strong competency of network developing. This competency helps company to enhance strong relationship. The strong network relationship helps company face easier ways in market entry capability.Originality/valueThe results of this research indicate that the role played by relational capital to increase market entry capability is not as good as the role played by network capability on market entry capability. In the international market context, the role of resource-based view is better than that of transaction cost economy in influencing market entry capability. Other results also show that market entry capabilities can mediate the influence of network competence and marketing performance.

scholarly journals Top Management Capabilities and Firm Efficiency: Relationship via Resources Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sualeh Khattak ◽  
Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Management Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the deficiency of resources in SMEs, a number of studies have been shown interest in the determinants of external resources acquisition but the results are fragmented. Particularly, the role of Top Management Capabilities (TMC) in resource acquisition and efficiency in the SME sector has been neglected. This study discusses the role of TMC—being intangible resources in SMEs’ efficiency with a mediating role of resource acquisition. This research is quantitative in nature and collected cross-sectional data through a structured questionnaire from 311 owners and managers of Pakistani SMEs. After analyzing the model using AMOS, the results indicate that TMC significantly facilitate firms in resource acquisition and enhance their efficiency; however, resource acquisition partially mediates the relationship between TMC and SMEs efficiency. This research recommends that SMEs should focus on TMC (instead of blindly investing money in other strategies) in order to acquire valuable tangible and intangible that are necessary for long term survival and efficiency. Further implications are discussed for owners, managers and practitioners.

Relational bonding strategies in the franchise industry: the moderating role of duration of the relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 830-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-ki Lee ◽  
Sally Kim ◽  
Min-Seong Kim ◽  
Jae-Han Lee ◽  
Ki-Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of different relational bonding strategies on franchisees’ perceptions of benefits. The duration of the relationship is framed as a moderator between three types of relational bonds and the perceived benefits. Design/methodology/approach – The data are collected via a survey from foodservice franchisees in South Korea. To test the study’s hypotheses, the research model was estimated with two-stage least squares. Findings – The result shows that social and structural bonds have a significant impact on franchisees’ perceptions of benefits. There are some significant interactions between different types of relational bonds and the duration of the relationship. Perceptions of benefits are found to influence satisfaction, intentions to recommend, intentions to renew the contract and long-term orientation. Practical implications – The study suggests that franchisors may want to focus on developing and strengthening social bonds, and also customize their relational approaches based on the duration of the relationship with the franchisees. Originality/value – This research illustrates the impact of three types of relational bonding strategies on franchisees’ perceptions of the benefits and also examines the significant moderating role of the duration of the relationship.

Campus development as catalyst for innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Curvelo Curvelo Magdaniel ◽  
Hans De Jonge ◽  
Alexandra Den Heijer
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to model the relationship between innovation and real estate, providing campus managers with a tool that illustrates how campus development stimulates innovation and that guides them to add value to their organisations. Design/methodology/approach The authors review previous research and build theory from the study of two cases. They shape a hypothesis by linking various theoretical concepts and by verifying it with empirical data to finally model how campus development stimulates innovation. Findings Findings suggest that campus development facilitates five conditions required to stimulate innovation through decisions and interventions over long-term periods. These findings acknowledge that location is key to explain campus development as a catalyst for innovation. In addition, this paper identifies potential issues in decision-making processes that can inhibit the facilitating role of real estate in innovation. Practical implications A framework clarifying the path to stimulate innovation through real estate will allow campus managers to steer their real estate strategies in line with this specific organisational goal and to better communicate how their decisions add value to their organisations. Social implications Findings advocate a more effective and efficient resource allocation for campus development in and around cities. Originality/value Until now, studies on stimulating innovation through real estate have focussed on workplace level. A core theoretical contribution of this paper is enlarging the application scope of CREM theories to the urban level involving multiple organisations.

Brand and firm values in distinct national cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Chowdhury ◽  
Wootae Chun ◽  
Sungchul Choi ◽  
Kurtis Friend
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Values ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe objective of this article is to investigate the moderating role of national cultures in the relationship between brand value and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis article examines the topic in the context of different national cultural attributes, including individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, power distance, and long-term orientation. We use brand values of the Financial Times Global 500 companies and national cultural values reported by Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz.FindingsResults exhibit that brands are more value-additive to companies in highly individualistic cultures. Furthermore, a valuable brand contributes more to firm value in countries with low uncertainty avoidance, high masculine, low power distance, and short-term oriented cultures.Originality/valueThe evidence suggests that while a valuable brand contributes to firm value, the level of its effect on firm value varies by national cultures.

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