Correlation of intraluminal thrombosis in brain tumor vessels with postoperative thrombotic complications: a preliminary report

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A. Rodas ◽  
Robert A. Fenstermaker ◽  
Paul E. McKeever ◽  
Mila Blaivas ◽  
Lawrence D. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Tumor Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Thrombotic complications (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolization [DVT/PE]) occur in 18 to 50% of patients harboring brain tumors who undergo neurosurgical procedures. Such patients are at risk for DVT/PE because of immobility, paresis, hypovolemia, and lengthy surgery. The present study was undertaken to see whether tumor patients at highest risk for DVT/PE could be identified so that augmentation of prophylactic measures might be used to reduce the incidence of thrombotic complications. Methods. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 488 patients enrolled in their brain tumor registries between 1988 and 1995, identifying 57 patients (12%) with recorded symptomatic DVT, PE, or both postoperatively. In 24 of these 57 cases histological specimens were retrievable for review, allowing an in-depth analysis. Forty-five patients were lost to follow-up review, and the remaining 386 patients had no record of systemic thrombosis. Slides of pathological specimens were retrievable in 50 cases in which there was no DVT/PE. From these 50 cases, 25 were selected at random to represent the control group by a blinded observer. Seventeen (71%) of the 24 brain tumor specimens obtained in patients with DVT/PE stained positively for intraluminal thrombosis (ILT) after hematoxylin and eosin had been applied. The odds ratio associated with the presence of ILT was 17.8, with a confidence interval ranging from 4 to 79.3. No evidence of ILT was found in 22 patients (88%) within the control group (p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). Other factors that may predispose patients with brain tumors to DVT/PE—limb paresis, extent of tumor removal, and duration of the surgery—were also analyzed and found not to be statistically significant. Therefore, these factors were not the basis for differences seen between the study and control groups. Conclusions. These preliminary observations suggest that the presence of ILT within malignant glioma or glioblastoma tumor vessels may represent a marker of tumor-induced hypercoagulability.

Significance of hemorrhage into brain tumors: clinicopathological study

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
Mark Bernstein ◽  
Lothar Resch ◽  
Charles H. Tator ◽  
J. F. Ross Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Recurrent Tumor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intratumoral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinicopathological Study ◽  
Pathological Review ◽  
Neurological Presentation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A retrospective clinical and pathological review of 905 consecutive brain tumor cases (excluding pituitary adenoma and recurrent tumor) was conducted to identify cases in which intratumoral hemorrhage was confirmed grossly and/or pathologically. There were 132 cases so identified, for an overall tumor hemorrhage rate of 14.6%; of these, 5.4% were classified as macroscopic and 9.2% as microscopic. The presence of hemorrhage was correlated with the neurological presentation. The highest hemorrhage rate (70.0%) was found in patients with prior neurological history who experienced apoplectic deterioration (acute-on-chronic presentation). Only 57.1% of patients with acute deterioration in the absence of prior neurological symptoms had hemorrhages. The highest hemorrhage rate for primary brain tumors was 29.2% for mixed oligodendroglioma/astrocytoma, while the highest hemorrhage rate for any tumor type was 50% for metastatic melanoma. The clinical relevance of tumor hemorrhage is discussed.

The effect of amphotericin B on the survival of brain-tumor-bearing mice treated with CCNU

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Muller ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The membrane-active polyene, amphotericin B (AMB) has been shown to enhance or potentiate the effects of various chemotherapeutic agents against tumor cells in tissue culture. Because of the need to increase the efficacy of the nitrosoureas in brain-tumor chemotherapy, we have studied the effect of the nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea (CCNU), with or without AMB pretreatment. The intraperitoneal administration of 25 mg/kg of AMB 24 hours before 5, 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of intraperitoneal CCNU did not result in a significant improvement in survival. The failure of intraperitoneal AMB to potentiate the effect of CCNU was likely a failure in drug delivery, since AMB crosses the blood-brain barrier very poorly. To circumvent the drug-delivery problem, AMB was administered intracerebrally directly into the tumor-bearing hemisphere. With 0.5 mg/kg of intracerebral AMB administered 24 hours before 10 mg/kg CCNU was given intraperitoneally, the life-span was significantly increased over the control group. The same dose of CCNU alone did not significantly increase survival. When 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg AMB was administered intracerebrally 24 hours before 20 mg/kg of intraperitoneal CCNU, survival was significantly increased over those groups receiving the same dose of CCNU alone. It is concluded that direct intracerebral administration of AMB enhances or potentiates the therapeutic effect of CCNU in this brain-tumor model.

Thiamine-deficient lactic acidosis with brain tumor treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuba ◽  
Takanori Inamura ◽  
Kiyonobu Ikezaki ◽  
Masatou Kawashima ◽  
Masashi Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Lactic Acidemia ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency is known to complicate chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment of malignant extracranial tumors, but to the authors' knowledge, this complication has not been reported in patients treated for malignant brain tumors. They report three such cases, demonstrating that this complication can occur during treatment of brain tumors. In all patients, consciousness levels deteriorated within 1 to 2 days. Serum lactic acid levels increased to concentrations between 62 and 96.7 mg/dl, resulting in severe metabolic acidosis. A low blood thiamine level (9 ng/ml) was demonstrated at the onset in one case, and high-dose thiamine infusions dramatically improved lactic acidemia as well as impairment of consciousness in two cases. In the other case, hydrocephalus was suspected initially, resulting in a delay in thiamine supplementation. Clinical differentiation of this form of lactic acidosis from hydrocephalus or tumor progression can be very difficult in a patient undergoing treatment for a malignant brain tumor. Demand for thiamine is thought to be increased in patients with malignant brain tumors, and supplemental thiamine during treatment is necessary to prevent lactic acidosis. When this complication occurs, immediate treatment with sufficient thiamine is essential, together with normalization of pH by using sodium bicarbonate. With timely intervention, the level of consciousness can recover to the preacidotic state with no new neurological deficits.

Correlation of in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labeling index and DNA aneuploidy with survival or recurrence in brain-tumor patients

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Nishizaki ◽  
Tetsuji Orita ◽  
Koji Kajiwara ◽  
Norio Ikeda ◽  
Noboru Ohshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Aneuploidy ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Fine Print

✓ There are no previous reports correlating the in vitro bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) labeling index (LI) with the clinical outcome in patients with brain tumors. The reliability of the LI as a predictor of patient survival or recurrence was examined in this study of 66 human brain tumors (19 gliomas, 18 meningiomas, and 29 others). Anti-BUdR staining was performed on surgically extirpated tumor tissue that had been treated with BUdR as previously described. Correlation of the BUdR LI with patient survival or tumor recurrence rate was carried out by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aneuploidy was estimated in 52 cases. The results of this study indicate that BUdR LI values correlated well with the clinical course of patients with brain tumor. In comparison with patients with higher LI's, there was both a significantly higher survival rate for tumors other than meningiomas and a higher recurrence-free rate for meningiomas in patients with LI's of less than 4% and 1%, respectively. Although there was a tendency for patients without tumor aneuploidy to show better survival data than the others, no statistical difference was observed. These results suggest that the in vitro BUdR labeling method is reliable for prediction of a patient's prognosis, whereas prognosis on the basis of DNA aneuploidy alone is uncertain.

Brain-tumor imaging using radiopaque perfluorocarbon

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Patronas ◽  
Javad Hekmatpanah ◽  
Kunio Doi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Perfluorocarbon, a new tumor-seeking x-ray contrast agent, was injected into three rats with experimental brain tumors. After 1 to 3 days the rats were sacrificed, and the brains were removed and subjected to x-ray study. All showed dense radiopaque areas which correlated with the size and shape of the corresponding brain tumors. Conversely, none of the radiograms taken of the brain tumor in five rats receiving no perfluorocarbon (control animals) showed similar increased density. These findings suggest that perfluorocarbon may serve a useful role as a contrast medium for computerized tomography studies of brain tumors in man.

Conray ventriculography in the diagnosis of brain tumors and congenital malformations in children

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford R. Weiss ◽  
Robert Raskind
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conray Ventriculography ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In view of the technical complexity of gas ventriculography and the physiologic hazards of water insoluble contrast media, methylglucamine iothalamate 60% (Conray) was used in the diagnosis of brain tumor or congenital malformation in 15 children 1 mos to 10 yrs of age. The method proved simple, reliable, and radiographically satisfactory. General or local anesthesia was used. It was not necessary to change the position of the head during study. The medium left the ventricular system within 5 to 10 min and was excreted in the urine within 24 hrs. No complications occurred.

Transcriptional expression of survivin and its splice variants in brain tumors in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Yamada ◽  
Toshihiko Kuroiwa ◽  
Toshimasa Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshinaga Kajimoto ◽  
Takehiko Dohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Survivin, one of the apoptosis inhibitor proteins, has been detected in most cancers in humans. In addition, two splice variants (survivin-2B and survivin-ΔEx3) have been identified. The authors investigated the transcription levels of survivin messenger (m)RNA and its splice variants in nine tumor cell lines, including gliomas, and in 25 brain tumor samples, by performing quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between transcript expression levels and pathological findings were also analyzed. Methods. Transcription levels were measured using primer pairs specific for survivin and either of its splice variants and were normalized to the glyceraldehyde 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Among the tumor cell lines tested, glioblastoma cell lines showed the highest levels of survivin expression. Among brain tumor samples studied, survivin was preferentially expressed in malignant brain tumors and gliomas. The relative expression level of survivin-ΔEx3/survivin was significantly higher in malignant than in benign brain tumor samples. Expression patterns were dominant for survivin-ΔEx3 in malignant brain tumors and dominant for survivin-2B in benign ones. A significant linear correlation between survivin mRNA expression and MIB-1 labeling index was demonstrated in all brain tumor samples. Conclusions. The authors' results indicate that quantifying the levels of survivin and its splice variants is useful for the prediction of the cell biological malignancy of gliomas, independent of their pathological features.

scholarly journals Intraoperative infrared imaging of brain tumors

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Gorbach ◽  
John D. Heiss ◽  
Leonid Kopylev ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Although clinical imaging defines the anatomical relationship between a brain tumor and the surrounding brain and neurological deficits indicate the neurophysiological consequences of the tumor, the effect of a brain tumor on vascular physiology is less clear. Methods. An infrared camera was used to measure the temperature of the cortical surface before, during, and after removal of a mass in 34 patients (primary brain tumor in 21 patients, brain metastases in 10 and falx meningioma, cavernous angioma, and radiation necrosis—astrocytosis in one patient each). To establish the magnitude of the effect on blood flow induced by the tumor, the images were compared with those from a group of six patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. In four cases a cerebral artery was temporarily occluded during the course of the surgery and infrared emissions from the cortex before and after occlusion were compared to establish the relationship of local temperature to regional blood flow. Discrete temperature gradients were associated with surgically verified lesions in all cases. Depending on the type of tumor, the cortex overlying the tumor was either colder or warmer than the surrounding cortex. Spatial reorganization of thermal gradients was observed after tumor resection. Temperature gradients of the cortex in patients with tumors exceeded those measured in the cortex of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. Conclusions. Brain tumors induce changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the cortex, which can be made visible by performing infrared imaging during cranial surgery. A reduction in CBF beyond the tumor margin improves after removal of the lesion.

Thromboembolism and brain tumors

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Brisman ◽  
Jerry Mendell
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hypothalamic Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The relationship between brain tumor location and thromboembolism was studied by a retrospective review of autopsy and clinical material. Patients with suprasellar tumors had a higher incidence of thromboembolic complications than those with tumors in other locations. An associated derangement of hypothalamic function is suggested as predisposing to thromboembolism.

Lack of neural control and reactivity to vasoactive agents in malignant glioma arteries

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Hardebo ◽  
Jan Kåahrström ◽  
Leif G. Salford
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Vasoactive Agents ◽  
Tumor Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Vessels in malignant brain tumors have a defective blood-brain barrier. It is important to know if tumor vessels respond to vasoactive agents, since systemic administration of vasodilatory agents together with chemotherapy could increase the access of these drugs to the tumor. It was found that arteries in human malignant gliomas have no neural control and are totally nonreactive to various vasoactive agents. The vessels lose their reactivity within 1 to 2 mm outside the visible tumor front.

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