Functional benefits and cost/benefit analysis of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for the management of severe spasticity

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona C. Sampson ◽  
Andrew Hayward ◽  
Gillian Evans ◽  
Richard Morton ◽  
Beverly Collett
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Spasticity ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Intrathecally delivered baclofen has been used as a treatment for severe spasticity since 1984. Despite this, there are uncertainties surrounding the benefits of treatment and the costs involved. The authors assessed the evidence of benefits and identified costs and the cost/benefit ratio for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in the treatment of severe spasticity. Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion on function and quality-of-life (QOL) measures in patients with severe spasticity. Outcomes were related to standard QOL scores to estimate potential gains in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Information on the costs of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion was obtained from hospitals in the United Kingdom. This information was combined to estimate the cost/benefit ratio for the use of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in patients with different levels of disability from severe spasticity. Studies indicate that bedbound patients are likely to improve their mobility and become able to sit out of bed. Patients with severe spasm-related pain are likely to have major improvement or complete resolution of this pain. Many other benefits are also reported. Such benefits are related to costs per QALY in the range of £6900 to £12,800 ($10,550–$19,570 US). Conclusions. In carefully selected patients who have not responded to less invasive treatments, continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion is likely to lead to worthwhile functional benefits. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion has an acceptable cost/benefit ratio compared with other interventions that are funded by the health service.

Product value analysis: a developed cost–benefit analysis ratio based on the Kano and PAF models

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Nassibeh Janatyan ◽  
Arash Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Of Quality ◽  
Product Value ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

PurposeIn this study, an integrative approach of customer satisfaction and cost of quality has been proposed for the value analysis of products based on a cost–benefit ratio.Design/methodology/approachFor the integrative approach, Kano and prevention-appraisal-failure (PAF) models have been applied. By the proposed approach, the value of products can be analyzed according to customer viewpoints and cost of quality. Four products of a home appliance company have been used to examine the new approach.FindingsFindings indicate the priorities of the studied products as stove, TV, fridge and washing machine, respectively. Such a set of prioritized products plays a strategic role in the competitive advantage of the studied company.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the weights of the cost of quality items have been assumed as equal. Also, the costs of quality items were limited to the most important ones at the studied company. However, more cost of quality items might be considered in different case studies.Originality/valueIn this study, the Kano and PAF models have been considered simultaneously for product value analysis from the viewpoint of customers. In addition to the classic method of value analysis which is merely based on previous events, the proposed approach is typically proactive.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the cost benefit between indigenous and cross bred cows reared in rural area of Dinajpur District

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
AH Topader ◽  
A Rob
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

A comparative study on cost benefit analysis of crossbred and indigenous cows reared under the small holder dairy was conducted in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 dairy cows (20 crossbred and 50 indigenous) from rural level small and marginal dairy farmers (1-3 cows) were selected. Relevant information from the individual milk producers have been collected through personal interrogation method with the help of a structured data collection questionnaire prepared for the study. The cost involvement for feed, treatment and medication of crossbred cows were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the indigenous dairy cows. The per day milk production was found 1.86 ± 0.57 liter in indigenous cow whereas 5.94 ± 3.49 liter was in crossbred cows and income level from milk yields of crossbred cows were 3.19 times higher than the indigenous cows. The cost benefit ratio of rising crossbred and indigenous dairy cows were 1.19 and 1.26, respectively. The current rearing cost of crossbred cows is 2.71 times higher than indigenous cows. Considering the other traits it may be concluded that the raising of crossbred cows was more economic than the raising of indigenous cows. Since crossbred cows were more economical and gave higher yield than the indigenous cows inclusion of a few crossbred cows can increase the income of a dairy entrepreneur which improve the livelihood and provide round the year employment of its family labour. Key words: Cross bred cows; Indigenous cows; Income; expenditure; Cost benefit ratio DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9696 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 191-196

Home Visitation Investment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
NORMAN J. SISSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Home Visitation ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Health Care Resources ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Cost

To the Editor.— Two recent reviews in Pediatrics1,2 provide much interesting information on the effect of home visits on the health of women and children. However, I was disappointed not to find in either article more than token reference to the cost of the programs reviewed. In this day of increasingly scarce health care resources, we no longer have the luxury of evaluating programs such as these without detailed consideration of their cost-benefit ratio.

Understanding the disclosure of personal data online

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Parker ◽  
Stephen Flowerday
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Violation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Social media has created a new level of interconnected communication. However, the use of online platforms brings about various ways in which a user’s personal data can be put at risk. This study aims to investigate what drives the disclosure of personal information online and whether an increase in awareness of the value of personal information motivates users to safeguard their information. Design/methodology/approach Fourteen university students participated in a mixed-methods experiment, where responses to Likert-type scale items were combined with responses to interview questions to provide insight into the cost–benefit analysis users conduct when disclosing information online. Findings Overall, the findings indicate that users are able to disregard their concerns due to a resigned and apathetic attitude towards privacy. Furthermore, subjective norms enhanced by fear of missing out (FOMO) further allows users to overlook potential risks to their information in order to avoid social isolation and sanction. Alternatively, an increased awareness of the personal value of information and having experienced a previous privacy violation encourage the protection of information and limited disclosure. Originality/value This study provides insight into privacy and information disclosure on social media in South Africa. To the knowledge of the researchers, this is the first study to include a combination of the theory of planned behaviour and the privacy calculus model, together with the antecedent factors of personal valuation of information, trust in the social media provider, FOMO.

scholarly journals Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hadyme Miyague ◽  
Fernando Marum Mauad ◽  
Wellington de Paula Martins ◽  
Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

Neonatal Intensive Care: Cost-Benefit Analysis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
DONALD N. MANGRAVITE
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

To the Editor.— I would like to commend Walker and colleagues1 for their comprehensive examination of the costs and benefits of neonatal intensive care for infants weighing less than 1,000 grams. However, examining only one group of infants served by a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be misleading. By definition, a tertiary level NICU is designed to provide a broad range of services to infants with a wide variety of illnesses. As is true for any system expected to provide a broad range of services, some services will result in a more favorable cost-benefit ratio than others.

scholarly journals The unpopularity of incentive-based instruments: what improves the cost–benefit ratio?

Public Choice ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen ◽  
Clau Dermont
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

An Economic Evaluation of the Introduction of Vaccination Against Hepatitis a in a Peacekeeping Operation: The Case of the United Nations Protection Force in Yugoslavia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Jefferson ◽  
Vittorio Demicheli ◽  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe costs and benefits of vaccinating troops on United Nations tours in Yugoslavia against hepatitis A were compared. The marginal cost of one case of hepatitis A avoided by vaccination was calculated and compared with the marginal cost of achieving the same outcome by passive immunization. The cost-benefit ratio (medium estimate) for troops at low risk of contracting hepatitis A was 0.01 and for those at high risk was 0.03.Vaccinating troops against hepatitis A for a single deployment appears to be an inefficient procedure, especially in troops at low risk. However, in professional troops from countries of low hepatitis A endemicity who are likely to be involved in several operational deployments, vaccination becomes more efficient the more times the same troops are deployed.

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