scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF A POLYPEPTIDE PREPARATION ON A STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL STATE PERIODONT IN ADJURANT PERIODONITIS (EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
G.M. Silenko ◽  
O.B. Belikov ◽  
N.I. Belikova ◽  
M.V. Khrebor ◽  
Y.I. Silenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

The aim of this article is to study the indices of cellular, humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance, indices of free radical lipid oxidation and thrombocytoactive properties of periodontal tissues in animals with adjuvant periodontitis. In our study, adjuvant periodontitis was reproduced by the method of A.M. Kaminsky, immunizing rats with a homologous periodontal tissue in admixture with a Freund's adjuvant in a 1: 1 ratio. The course consisted of four single injections of 0.2 ml per animal intramuscularly at weekly intervals. Immunization did not lead to changes in the development and behavior of rats. One month after immunization, experimental animals experienced symptoms characteristic of generalized periodontitis in humans. They were manifested in the form of gums, resorption of alveolar bone, mobility and tooth loss. The induction of adjuvant periodontitis in experimental animals led to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation processes in periodontal tissues and a decrease in SOD and catalase activity. In animals with adjuvant periodontitis, which have been injected with periodontal polypeptides, there is a decrease in the reactions of GF compared with patients. In particular, there was a 40.9% decrease in the level of TBK-active products, although the level of MDA accumulation in the incubation process had not decreased significantly. It is noteworthy that in this group of animals increased activity of AO enzymes, which in patients was sharply reduced. Significant changes in the BPO lipid state were also observed in the blood of animals. The peroxidation reactions were significantly reduced, but not as significantly as in periodontal tissues. In particular, spontaneous erythrocyte hemolysis was lower by 14.2%, the level of TBK-active products by 39.4%, and MDA by 34.9%. An increase in the activity of SOD and catalase was observed, as well as a 40.4% decrease in the concentration of ceruloplasmin, which testifies to the elimination of the inflammatory response upon introduction of polypeptides. The treatment of animals with periodontylline was accompanied by an increase in the anti-aggregation properties of periodontal tissues. This is confirmed by the following indicators of the aggregate: the angle of aggregation is reduced by 31.8%, the optical density by 29%, the aggregation time is increased by 42.9% compared with the group of animals with adjuvant periodontitis. The introduction of parodontilin had a pronounced effect on the condition of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. We observed a significant increase in recalcification time, thrombin, prothrombin time. If the disease has a significant increase in the time of euglobulin fibrinolysis, then in the treatment of this indicator becomes less by 69.4%, the products of para-coagulation disappear from the bloodstream and the concentration of fibrin degradation products decreases. The treatment of animals was accompanied by an increase in immunity, which was manifested by an increase in T and B lymphocytes and Ig G. titer. Studies have shown that the treatment of diseased animals with a polypeptide drug leads to an improvement in the cellular, humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance of the organism, as well as the presence of a pronounced immunomodulatory effect of periodontin. The previously established relationship between blood clotting systems, sex, immunity, nonspecific resistance of the organism is confirmed in these experimental studies. If the induction of periodontitis is primarily associated with autoimmune processes, leading to impaired homeostasis, then the introduction of periodontin has a modulating effect on both immunity and indicators of lipid peroxidation and microcirculatory and coagulative hemostasis . In animals, regression of dental symptoms was noted, signs of periodontal inflammation, bleeding, swelling disappeared, and tooth mobility decreased. These data indicate the high therapeutic efficacy of thymic drugs in the treatment of generalized periodontitis. Research in this area remains relevant.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Induces Alveolar Bone Regeneration

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathishkumar ◽  
A. Meka ◽  
D. Dawson ◽  
N. House ◽  
W. Schaden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave

Periodontal inflammation with alveolar bone resorption is a hallmark of periodontitis. We hypothesized that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) could promote the regeneration of alveolar bone following Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in rats. Rats were infected with P. gingivalis for 10 wks, which caused alveolar bone resorption. The rats were then treated with a single episode of 100, 300, or 1000 impulses of shock wave on both cheeks at energy levels 0.1 mJ/mm2. Alveolar bone levels were determined at 0, 3, 6, and 12 wks following ESWT and compared with those in untreated controls. Infected rats treated with 300 and 1000 impulses demonstrated significantly improved alveolar bone levels at 3 wks compared with untreated controls, and the improved levels remained for at least 6 wks in most rats. The results demonstrated effective regeneration of alveolar bone by ESWT and suggested that ESWT should be evaluated as an adjunct in the regeneration of periodontal tissues following periodontal disease. Abbreviations: ESWT, extracorporeal shock wave therapy; PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.

scholarly journals Histopathologic investigations of nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia in Wistar rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlata Brkic
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Destruction ◽  
High Doses

Background. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, used in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases, can induce gingival overgrowth. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of nifedipine on the deeper periodontal tissues of the experimental animals concerning connective tissue and blood vessels proliferation. Methods. The research was performed on Wistar rats, and they received the precise doses of nifedipine water suspension while the changes were followed up in pre-determined time intervals. The analyses of samples of tissues were done on the cross-sections of papilla from the top to the bottom on five levels. Results. Considerable level of changes was observed in the area of dental alveolar edge and in the gingivo-dental interspace. Epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory subepithelial infiltration of lymphoplasmocyte type were also present. Alveolar bone destruction, the increased number of osteoclasts and periodontal destruction were found, as well. Conclusion. The results of this study showed a significant gingival hyperplasia in the experimental animals which received high doses of drug during extended period of time.

A Review of Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 089875642110651
Author(s):  
Emily Ward
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Open Flap Debridement ◽  
Repair Techniques

Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Traditional periodontal repair techniques make use of open flap debridement, application of graft materials, and membranes to prevent epithelial downgrowth and formation of a long junctional epithelium, which inhibits regeneration and true healing. These techniques have variable efficacy and are made more challenging in veterinary patients due to the cost of treatment for clients, need for anesthesia for surgery and reevaluation, and difficulty in performing necessary diligent home care to maintain oral health. Tissue engineering focuses on methods to regenerate the periodontal apparatus and not simply to repair the tissue, with the possibility of restoring normal physiological functions and health to a previously diseased site. This paper examines tissue engineering applications in periodontal disease by discussing experimental studies that focus on dogs and other animal species where it could potentially be applied in veterinary medicine. The main areas of focus of tissue engineering are discussed, including scaffolds, signaling molecules, stem cells, and gene therapy. To date, although outcomes can still be unpredictable, tissue engineering has been proven to successfully regenerate lost periodontal tissues and this new possibility for treating veterinary patients is discussed.

EFFECT OF KAGOCEL PREPARATION ON THE GENERATIVE FUNCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AT ITS ADMINISTRATION IN THE INFANTILE PERIOD OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
T. A. Borovskaya ◽  
M. E. Poluektova ◽  
A. V. Vychuzhanina ◽  
V. A. Mashanova ◽  
Yu. A. Shchemerova
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Experimental Animals

In experimental studies on rats (males, females) at their infantile stage starting from 10 days, a potential delayed toxic effect of the antiviral drug Kagocel on the reproductive system was studied. The drug was administered for 12 days in a therapeutic dose and at a dose 10-fold higher than the therapeutic one. Reproductive safety was estimated after animals reached the reproductive age (2.5 months). It was found out that the drug, when administered in both doses, does not decrease the fertility of animals, does not induce morphological and pathological changes in the sex glands, and does not have toxic effect on the offspring. Obtained data characterize Kagocel as a preparation with a wide reproductive safety profile and show that it can be used in pediatric practice for infants.

Orthodontic Force–Induced BMAL1 in PDLCs Is a Vital Osteoclastic Activator

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110199
Author(s):  
Y. Xie ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
S. Yu ◽  
W. Zheng ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) depends on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sensing biomechanical stimuli and subsequently releasing signals to initiate alveolar bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which PDLCs sense biomechanical stimuli and affect osteoclastic activities are still unclear. This study demonstrates that the core circadian protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator–like protein 1 (BMAL1) in PDLCs is highly involved in sensing and delivering biomechanical signals. Orthodontic force upregulates BMAL1 expression in periodontal tissues and cultured PDLCs in manners dependent on ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase) and AP1 (activator protein 1). Increased BMAL1 expression can enhance secretion of CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine 2) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB ligand) in PDLCs, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate into osteoclasts. The mechanistic delineation clarifies that AP1 induced by orthodontic force can directly interact with the BMAL1 promoter and activate gene transcription in PDLCs. Localized administration of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 or the BMAL1 inhibitor GSK4112 suppressed ERK/AP1/BMAL1 signaling. These treatments dramatically reduced osteoclastic activity in the compression side of a rat orthodontic model, and the OTM rate was almost nonexistent. In summary, our results suggest that force-induced expression of BMAL1 in PDLCs is closely involved in controlling osteoclastic activities during OTM and plays a vital role in alveolar bone remodeling. It could be a useful therapeutic target for accelerating the OTM rate and controlling pathologic bone-remodeling activities.

scholarly journals Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates bone resorption in periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Qi Ma ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trap Staining ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an important immune factor that mediates bone metabolism by regulating the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone loss is a serious and progressive result of periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of G-CSF on periodontal inflammation have yet not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined whether an anti-G-CSF antibody could inhibit bone resorption in a model of experimental periodontitis and investigated the local expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice using ligatures. The levels of G-CSF in serum and bone marrow were measured; immunofluorescence was then performed to analyze the localization and expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Mice with periodontitis were administered anti-G-CSF antibody by tail vein injection to assess the inhibition of bone resorption. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to measure bone destruction‐related parameters via micro-computed tomography analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the presence of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe osteoclast activity in alveolar bone. Results The level of G-CSF in serum was significantly elevated in mice with periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that G-CSF was mostly expressed in the cell membrane of gingival epithelial cells; this expression was enhanced in the periodontitis group. Additionally, systemic administration of anti-G-CSF antibody significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption, as evidenced by improvements in bone volume/total volume, bone surface area/bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular pattern factor values. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an enhanced number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts, while TRAP staining revealed reduction of osteoclast activity. Conclusions G-CSF expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the serum and gingival epithelial cells. Together, anti-G-CSF antibody administration could alleviates alveolar bone resorption, suggesting that G-CSF may be one of the essential immune factors that mediate the bone loss in periodontitis.

scholarly journals Inflammation in the Human Periodontium Induces Downregulation of the α1- and β1-Subunits of the sGC in Cementoclasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Yüksel Korkmaz ◽  
Behrus Puladi ◽  
Kerstin Galler ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer ◽  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Nitric oxide (NO) binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), activates it in a reduced oxidized heme iron state, and generates cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), which results in vasodilatation and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In inflammation, sGC is oxidized and becomes insensitive to NO. NO- and heme-independent activation of sGC requires protein expression of the α1- and β1-subunits. Inflammation of the periodontium induces the resorption of cementum by cementoclasts and the resorption of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts, which can lead to tooth loss. As the presence of sGC in cementoclasts is unknown, we investigated the α1- and β1-subunits of sGC in cementoclasts of healthy and inflamed human periodontium using double immunostaining for CD68 and cathepsin K and compared the findings with those of osteoclasts from the same sections. In comparison to cementoclasts in the healthy periodontium, cementoclasts under inflammatory conditions showed a decreased staining intensity for both α1- and β1-subunits of sGC, indicating reduced protein expression of these subunits. Therefore, pharmacological activation of sGC in inflamed periodontal tissues in an NO- and heme-independent manner could be considered as a new treatment strategy to inhibit cementum resorption.

scholarly journals Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽  
Andressa V. B. Nogueira ◽  
Svenja Beisel-Memmert ◽  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract Objectives The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). Materials and methods The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. Clinical relevance Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyagawa ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pdl Cells

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Effects of DSPP Gene Mutations on Periodontal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Jing ◽  
Zhibin Chen ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Dentin Sialophosphoprotein ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Furcation Involvement ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alveolar Bone Defect ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractDentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene mutations cause autosomal dominantly inherited diseases. DSPP gene mutations lead to abnormal expression of DSPP, resulting in a series of histological, morphological, and clinical abnormalities. A large number of previous studies demonstrated that DSPP is a dentinal-specific protein, and DSPP gene mutations lead to dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recent studies have found that DSPP is also expressed in bone, periodontal tissues, and salivary glands. DSPP is involved in the formation of the periodontium as well as tooth structures. DSPP deficient mice present furcation involvement, cementum, and alveolar bone defect. We speculate that similar periodontal damage may occur in patients with DSPP mutations. This article reviews the effects of DSPP gene mutations on periodontal status. However, almost all of the research is about animal study, there is no evidence that DSPP mutations cause periodontium defects in patients yet. We need to conduct systematic clinical studies on DSPP mutation families in the future to elucidate the effect of DSPP gene on human periodontium.

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