A Review of Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
pp. 089875642110651
Author(s):  
Emily Ward
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Open Flap Debridement ◽  
Repair Techniques

Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Traditional periodontal repair techniques make use of open flap debridement, application of graft materials, and membranes to prevent epithelial downgrowth and formation of a long junctional epithelium, which inhibits regeneration and true healing. These techniques have variable efficacy and are made more challenging in veterinary patients due to the cost of treatment for clients, need for anesthesia for surgery and reevaluation, and difficulty in performing necessary diligent home care to maintain oral health. Tissue engineering focuses on methods to regenerate the periodontal apparatus and not simply to repair the tissue, with the possibility of restoring normal physiological functions and health to a previously diseased site. This paper examines tissue engineering applications in periodontal disease by discussing experimental studies that focus on dogs and other animal species where it could potentially be applied in veterinary medicine. The main areas of focus of tissue engineering are discussed, including scaffolds, signaling molecules, stem cells, and gene therapy. To date, although outcomes can still be unpredictable, tissue engineering has been proven to successfully regenerate lost periodontal tissues and this new possibility for treating veterinary patients is discussed.

Regenereation in periodontics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtaza Kaderi ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Alfiya Ali ◽  
Tasneem Kaderi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Extensive Documentation

The goals of periodontal therapy are to arrest of periodontal disease progression and to attain the regeneration of the periodontal apparatus. Osseous grafting and Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are the two techniques with the most extensive documentation of periodontal regeneration. However, these techniques offer limited potential towards regenerating the periodontal tissues. Recent surgical procedures and application of newer materials aim at greater and more predictable regeneration with the concept of tissue engineering for enhanced periodontal regeneration and functional attachment have been developed, analyzed, and employed in clinical practice

scholarly journals Role of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Periodontal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wei ◽  
Mingwen Liu ◽  
Haofei Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
S 100 ◽  
And Function ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

Periodontal disease (PD) is a common infectious and inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and destruction of the associated alveolar bone, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This disease is caused by periodontopathic bacteria in plaque biofilm and resultant innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal tissues. Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein of the S-100 protein family and is found to be induced by activated granulocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. CLP has been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory diseases and disorders. Increasing evidence indicates that CLP is involved in the progression of PD, and its levels may be associated with disease severity and outcome of periodontal treatments. This review will summarise recent studies regarding the presence, regulation, and function of CLP in PD. The findings indicate that CLP may be an effective biomarker for diagnosis and treatment for the PD.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF A POLYPEPTIDE PREPARATION ON A STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL STATE PERIODONT IN ADJURANT PERIODONITIS (EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
G.M. Silenko ◽  
O.B. Belikov ◽  
N.I. Belikova ◽  
M.V. Khrebor ◽  
Y.I. Silenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

The aim of this article is to study the indices of cellular, humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance, indices of free radical lipid oxidation and thrombocytoactive properties of periodontal tissues in animals with adjuvant periodontitis. In our study, adjuvant periodontitis was reproduced by the method of A.M. Kaminsky, immunizing rats with a homologous periodontal tissue in admixture with a Freund's adjuvant in a 1: 1 ratio. The course consisted of four single injections of 0.2 ml per animal intramuscularly at weekly intervals. Immunization did not lead to changes in the development and behavior of rats. One month after immunization, experimental animals experienced symptoms characteristic of generalized periodontitis in humans. They were manifested in the form of gums, resorption of alveolar bone, mobility and tooth loss. The induction of adjuvant periodontitis in experimental animals led to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation processes in periodontal tissues and a decrease in SOD and catalase activity. In animals with adjuvant periodontitis, which have been injected with periodontal polypeptides, there is a decrease in the reactions of GF compared with patients. In particular, there was a 40.9% decrease in the level of TBK-active products, although the level of MDA accumulation in the incubation process had not decreased significantly. It is noteworthy that in this group of animals increased activity of AO enzymes, which in patients was sharply reduced. Significant changes in the BPO lipid state were also observed in the blood of animals. The peroxidation reactions were significantly reduced, but not as significantly as in periodontal tissues. In particular, spontaneous erythrocyte hemolysis was lower by 14.2%, the level of TBK-active products by 39.4%, and MDA by 34.9%. An increase in the activity of SOD and catalase was observed, as well as a 40.4% decrease in the concentration of ceruloplasmin, which testifies to the elimination of the inflammatory response upon introduction of polypeptides. The treatment of animals with periodontylline was accompanied by an increase in the anti-aggregation properties of periodontal tissues. This is confirmed by the following indicators of the aggregate: the angle of aggregation is reduced by 31.8%, the optical density by 29%, the aggregation time is increased by 42.9% compared with the group of animals with adjuvant periodontitis. The introduction of parodontilin had a pronounced effect on the condition of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. We observed a significant increase in recalcification time, thrombin, prothrombin time. If the disease has a significant increase in the time of euglobulin fibrinolysis, then in the treatment of this indicator becomes less by 69.4%, the products of para-coagulation disappear from the bloodstream and the concentration of fibrin degradation products decreases. The treatment of animals was accompanied by an increase in immunity, which was manifested by an increase in T and B lymphocytes and Ig G. titer. Studies have shown that the treatment of diseased animals with a polypeptide drug leads to an improvement in the cellular, humoral immunity and nonspecific resistance of the organism, as well as the presence of a pronounced immunomodulatory effect of periodontin. The previously established relationship between blood clotting systems, sex, immunity, nonspecific resistance of the organism is confirmed in these experimental studies. If the induction of periodontitis is primarily associated with autoimmune processes, leading to impaired homeostasis, then the introduction of periodontin has a modulating effect on both immunity and indicators of lipid peroxidation and microcirculatory and coagulative hemostasis . In animals, regression of dental symptoms was noted, signs of periodontal inflammation, bleeding, swelling disappeared, and tooth mobility decreased. These data indicate the high therapeutic efficacy of thymic drugs in the treatment of generalized periodontitis. Research in this area remains relevant.

The origins of in vivo functional diagnosis of hemomicrocirculation in periodontal tissues in normal and pathological conditions in domestic dentistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
A. K. Iordanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Functional Diagnosis ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Purpose – to present the origins of in vivo functional diagnosis of hemomicrocirculation in periodontal tissues in normal and pathological conditions in domestic dentistry.Materials and methods: the material of the study was archival and reporting materials of research works of scientists-dentists, which deals with the functioning of periodontal tissues. These materials are used as a source of primary information. Analytical, medical and statistical research methods were used to study them.Results: information on the development and first application in dental practice of methods of in vivo microscopy and microphotography of gums with the clarity that allowed the use of these methods for many years, including modern dentistry. These methods were used for experimental studies in various animals (Guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs) and in clinical practice, in norm and under various extreme effects of General and local character.Conclusion: the role of domestic scientists and dentists, in particular, the doctor of medical Sciences associate Professor M. K. Gacina, the development of functional methods of research of periodontal: of capillaroscopy and capillaroscopy. The importance of these methods of functional diagnosis of periodontal disease in clinical periodontics at the present stage, including periodontal disease in endocrine pathology, endodontal lesions and tissue pathology around dental implants.

scholarly journals Tooth-Supporting Hard Tissue Regeneration Using Biopolymeric Material Fabrication Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Min Guk Kim ◽  
Chan Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Biomechanical Forces

The mineralized tissues (alveolar bone and cementum) are the major components of periodontal tissues and play a critical role to anchor periodontal ligament (PDL) to tooth-root surfaces. The integrated multiple tissues could generate biological or physiological responses to transmitted biomechanical forces by mastication or occlusion. However, due to periodontitis or traumatic injuries, affect destruction or progressive damage of periodontal hard tissues including PDL could be affected and consequently lead to tooth loss. Conventional tissue engineering approaches have been developed to regenerate or repair periodontium but, engineered periodontal tissue formation is still challenging because there are still limitations to control spatial compartmentalization for individual tissues and provide optimal 3D constructs for tooth-supporting tissue regeneration and maturation. Here, we present the recently developed strategies to induce osteogenesis and cementogenesis by the fabrication of 3D architectures or the chemical modifications of biopolymeric materials. These techniques in tooth-supporting hard tissue engineering are highly promising to promote the periodontal regeneration and advance the interfacial tissue formation for tissue integrations of PDL fibrous connective tissue bundles (alveolar bone-to-PDL or PDL-to-cementum) for functioning restorations of the periodontal complex.

scholarly journals Treatment of periodontal disease with guided tissue regeneration technique using a hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone membrane

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M.A. Martins ◽  
F.L. Valente ◽  
E.C.C. Reis ◽  
R.V. Sepúlveda ◽  
A.P.L. Perdigão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Attachment Level

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a malleable membrane composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and polycaprolactone (40%) as treatment of periodontal disease experimentally induced in dogs. A bone defect of standardized dimensions was created between the roots of the third and fourth premolar of 12 dogs for periodontal disease induction. Six dogs had the defect covered by the membrane and six dogs received only standard treatment for periodontal disease, also applied to dogs in the treated group. The animals were clinically monitored during the experiment. Radiographs were taken after surgery and at 60 days after treatment initiation. Clinical attachment level was also assessed in those moments. On the 60th day, dental sample of all animals, containing tooth, defect and periodontal tissues, were harvested, fixed in formalin and analyzed by microtomography and histology. During the experimental period, the animals showed no pain and purulent discharge, however, there was dehiscence in 50% of animals and membrane exposure in five out of six animals in the treated group. Clinical attachment level showed no difference between groups. Radiographs showed radiopacity equal to the alveolar bone in both groups. The microtomography revealed that the control group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the treated group; however, the furcation was not filled by new alveolar bone in any animal. Histological analysis revealed that junctional epithelium invasion was lighter in the control group. New bone was only observed in the apical edge of the defect in both groups. Although the composite is biocompatible and able to keep the space of the defect, it did not promote periodontal tissue regeneration within 60 days of observation.

scholarly journals Periodontal Destruction and Regeneration in Experimental Models: Combined Research Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Olena J. Kordiyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

Chronic periodontitis is a common dental disease, resulting in destruction of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and, consequently- teeth loss in the adult population. Experimental animal models have enabled the study of periodontal disease pathogenesis and are used to test new therapeutic approaches for treating the disease The purpose of this review study was to draw the evidence from animal models, required for future assessment of destructional and regenerative processes in periodontal tissues. Material and methods: a rat experimental periodontitis models of ligature, streptozotocin, and immune complexes induced periodontitis, periodontal defect, altered functional loading, stress exposures and surgically created chronic acid reflux esophagitis models. Histomorphomorphological/-metrical, immunohisto (-cyto)chemical and histopathological analysis, micro-computed tomography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, polarizing light and confocal microscopy, spectrophotometry, radiographic and biomechanical analysis, descriptive histology and computer-assisted image analysis. Results and discussion. Scaling and root planing may not always be effective in preventing periodontal disease progression, and, moreover, with currently available therapies, full regeneration of lost periodontal tissues after periodontitis cannot be achieved. However, in 70.5% of the results of experimental studies reported, irrespective of the defect type and animal model used, beneficial outcome for periodontal regeneration after periodontal ligament stem cell implantation, including new bone, new cementum and new connective tissue formation, was recorded. Therefore, platelet-rich fibrin combined with rat periodontal ligament stem cells provides a useful instrument for periodontal tissue engineering. Conclusion. There is sufficient evidence from preclinical animal studies suggesting that periodontal tissue engineering would provide a valuable tool for periodontal regeneration. Further elaboration of the developed in preclinical studies experimental techniques should justify progress to clinical studies and subsequent medical application

scholarly journals Periodontal disease in smokers

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Cerovic ◽  
Vera Bundalo
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Therapy Success ◽  
Antiseptic Solutions

Tobacco contains about 4000 different toxic substances from which almost 40 are proven to be cancerogenic. Nicotine, toxic alkaloid, is the most active substance in tobacco causing major number of harmful consequences for human organism as a whole, and for periodontal tissues as well. The aim of the paper was to show harmful effects of smoking on periodontal disease development, and to point out the problems caused by smoking during and after the periodontal treatment. Periodontal disease occurs in smokers more frequently as opposed to non-smokers. Typically, smokers have lower level of gingival inflammation, more excessive and accelerated loss of alveolar bone and epithelial insertion, deeper periodontal pockets and numerous gingival recessions. Along with that, smokers are carrying a decreased immune response that is expressed through various defense mechanisms. Smoking has negative impact on the outcome of conservative and surgical periodontal therapy. Effects of smoking on periodontal therapy success rate are requiring administration of antiseptic solutions and antibiotics throughout the treatment course. Every periodontologist must influence patients to stop smoking and thus act preventively on occurrence and progress of periodontal disease.

Tissue engineering in periodontology: Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Carmagnola ◽  
Gaia Pellegrini ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Lia Rimondini ◽  
Elena Varoni
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Teeth and the periodontal tissues represent a highly specialized functional system. When periodontal disease occurs, the periodontal complex, composed by alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, can be lost. Periodontal regenerative medicine aims at recovering damaged periodontal tissues and their functions by different means, including the interaction of bioactive molecules, cells, and scaffolds. The application of growth factors, in particular, into periodontal defects has shown encouraging effects, driving the wound healing toward the full, multi-tissue periodontal regeneration, in a precise temporal and spatial order. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to update the state of the art concerning tissue engineering in periodontology, focusing on biological mediators and gene therapy.

scholarly journals Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Periodontal Disease in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4244-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira ◽  
Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior ◽  
Graciela Mitre Costa ◽  
Silvia Maria Cordeiro Werneck ◽  
Daniel Cisalpino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Paf Receptor

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory and alveolar bone destructive disease triggered by oral biofilm-producing microorganisms, such asAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal tissues are significantly increased during inflammatory conditions, such as PD, but the exact mechanism that links PAF to alveolar bone resorption is not well understood. In the current study, alveolar bone resorption was induced by experimental PD through the oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (Pafr−/−) mice.In vitroexperiments usingA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with a PAF receptor antagonist (UK74505) were also performed. The expression of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase in periodontal tissues was significantly increased 3 h afterA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS injection in mice. WT andPafr−/−mice that were subjected to oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitanspresented neutrophil accumulation and increased levels of CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in periodontal tissues. However,Pafr−/−mice presented less alveolar bone loss than WT mice. Thein vitroblockade of the PAF receptor impaired the resorptive activity ofA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS-activated osteoclasts. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the blockade of PAF receptor may contribute to the progression of PD triggered byA. actinomycetemcomitansby directly affecting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts.

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