Identifying QTL for seed weight in a cross between vegetable and grain type soybeans

The variation for 100 seed weight in F2 population derived from a cross, AGS456 (an exotic vegetable type from Taiwan)/SL958 of soybean followed a normal curve with a range of 8.00-27.22g indicating quantitative nature of genetic control for seed size. Parental lines were screened with 207 SSR markers to identify polymorphism and 90 primer pairs detected polymorphism between the parents. These ninety markers were used for detecting polymorphism between two extreme bulks for seed weight. Out of these, 18 primer pairs were polymorphic for the bulks and were used for bulk segregant analysis in 200 F2 plants. One major QTL for seed weight was identified on LG M with Sat_244 and Satt175 as flanking markers, explaining 19.0 per cent phenotypic variation. Two minor QTLs were also identified on LG D1b, one in interval Satt041-Sat_069 with an estimated phenotypic variation (R2) of 6.0 per cent and the other in interval Sat_069-Sat_0183 estimating 7.0 per cent phenotypic variance. The markers flanking TLs may help in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improvement of seed weight in soybean after fine mapping and validation.

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Heterosis for ether extract production and its components in seed of Cucurbita argyrosperma

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.64253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 293-300

Author(s):

Magda Piedad Valdes Restrepo ◽

Sanin Ortiz Grisales ◽

Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Experiment Design ◽

Ether Extract ◽

First Semester ◽

Parental Lines ◽

Valle Del Cauca ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Block Experiment

Twenty-one genotypes (six parental lines and 15 direct crosses) of butternut squash (Curcurbita argyrosperma subsp. sororia) were evaluated at the Experimental Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Candelaria (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) during the second semesters of 2012 (2012B) and the first semester of 2013 (2013A). Heterotic effects (average, variety, and specific) were determined for ether extract production per plant (EEPP) and the following components: percentage ether extract (EE) in seed, seed weight per fruit (SWF), 100-seed weight (100- SW), and number of fruits per plant (NFP). The methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966) was used in a randomized complete block experiment design with four replicates (five plants per replicate). Variety heterosis accounted for 48% of the variation of total heterosis for EEPP. Variety heterosis was better expressed in 2013 first semester, with significant differences for EEPP, SWF, and 100-SW; average heterosis was significant for EEPP and EE. In 2012 second semester, heterosis was significant for SWF, indicating genetic divergence between hybrids and parents. Introductions 256 and 132 expressed the greatest effects of variety heterosis for EEPP and superior segregants should be selected from these two parental lines. No significant differences were observed on specific heterosis; however, the best hybrid in terms of EEPP at 2013 first semester came from crosses 256×132 and 140×260.

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Relative potential of seed yield component traits as selection criteria in the segregating generations of a desi × kabuli cross of chickpea

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3909 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

H. B. Santosh ◽

C. Bharadwaj ◽

V. S. Hegde ◽

S. Savitha ◽

C. Angadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Early Generation ◽

Branch Number ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Early Generation Selection ◽

F2 Population ◽

Selection For ◽

100 Seed Weight

To assess the response to early generation selection in chickpea, a total of 150 F4 progenies derived from selection for total branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight as independent selection criteria in F2 population of Pusa 362 (desi) × PG 0515 (kabuli) cross were evaluated along with their parents and unselected F2 bulk. The F2 population revealed high variability for all the yield components and transgressive segregation for all traits except 100-seed weight. Mean of the F4 families relative to the corresponding F2 plants was high, indicating effectiveness of early generation selection for all characters studied except branch number per plant. Significant correlated response for seed yield was also observed in F4. Based on realized response to selection as percentage of mean, realized heritability and realized generalized response values, we suggest utilization of pods per plant, seed yield per se and 100-seed weight as selection criteria in desi-kabuli introgression breeding for higher genetic gains.

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Kendali Genetik Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi pada Tiga Populasi Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v45i3.18387 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Trikoesoemaningtyas , ◽

Desta Wirnas ◽

Ery Leonardo Saragih ◽

Erin Puspita Rini ◽

Mayang Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Gene Action ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Descent Method ◽

Seed Color ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

F2 Population ◽

Parental Lines ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Single Seed Descent Method

ABSTRACT Sorghum is one of the potential foods with a higher protein content than rice. Sorghum seeds can be milled and cooked as sorghum rice. This study was aimed to obtain information on the inheritance of morphological and agronomic characters from the population derived from crosses of wide genetic background. The study consisted of the formation of F1 population and evaluation of morphological and agronomic characters in the segregated population (F2) of the three selected F1 genotypes. The location of the research was at IPB Experimental Field, Leuwikopo. The performance of the F1 genotypes were between the two parents, except for the yield components of PI-150-20-A x Numbu and PI-150-20-A x Kawali were higher than the parental lines. The performance of the F2 generation population was also between the parental lines, but with a wider distribution. The sorghum seed color is controlled not only by additive and dominant gene action, but also by epistatic gene action. The character of seed weight per panicle is controlled by epistatic gene action. In the F2 population of the crosses of PI-150-20-A x Numbu and PI-150-20-A x Kawali and PI-10-90-A x Numbu, the seed weight character is inherited with moderate heritability value. Based on genes action dan heritability, bulk or single seed descent method are suitable for yield improvement of the populations. Keywords: gene action, heritability, seed color, segregation, sorghum

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The barley mutant multiflorus2.b reveals quantitative genetic variation for new spikelet architecture

10.1101/2021.04.06.438555 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ravi Koppolu ◽

Guojing Jiang ◽

Sara G Milner ◽

Quddoos H Muqaddasi ◽

Twan Rutten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Basis ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Polygenic Inheritance ◽

Major Qtls ◽

Minor Qtls ◽

Quantitative Genetic ◽

Lateral Spikelet ◽

A Minor ◽

Major Qtl ◽

Quantitative Nature

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of yield forming factors in small grain cereals is of extreme importance, especially in the wake of stagnation of further yield gains in these crops. One such yield forming factor in these cereals is the number of grain-bearing florets produced per spikelet. Wildtype barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spikelets are determinate structures, the spikelet axis (rachilla) degenerates after producing single floret. In contrast, the rachilla of wheat (Triticum ssp.) spikelets, which are indeterminate, elongates to produce up to 12 florets. In our study, we characterized the barley spikelet determinacy mutant multiflorus2.b (mul2.b) that produced up to three fertile florets on elongated rachillae of lateral spikelets. Apart from the lateral spikelet indeterminacy (LS-IN), we also characterized the supernumerary spikelet phenotype in the central spikelets (CS-SS) of mul2.b. Through our phenotypic and genetic analyses, we identified two major QTLs on chromosomes 2H and 6H, and two minor QTLs on 3H for the LS-IN phenotype. For, the CS-SS phenotype we identified one major QTL on 6H, and a minor QTL on 5H chromosomes. Notably, the 6H QTLs for CS-SS and LS-IN phenotypes co-located with each other, potentially indicating that a single genetic factor might regulate both phenotypes. Thus, our in-depth phenotyping combined with genetic analyses revealed the quantitative nature of the LS-IN and CS-SS phenotypes in mul2.b, paving the way for cloning the genes underlying these QTLs in the future.Key messageSpikelet indeterminacy and supernumerary spikelet phenotypes in barley multiflorus2.b mutant show polygenic inheritance. Genetic analysis of multiflorus2.b revealed major QTLs for spikelet determinacy and supernumerary spikelet phenotypes on 2H and 6H chromosomes.

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Hybridity testing and heterosis in relation to genetic divergence in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rice based cropping system

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79.3.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Pyare Lal Johnson ◽

Raj Narayan Sharma ◽

Hem Chand Nanda

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Cropping System ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Genetic Purity ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Similar Banding Pattern ◽

Parental Lines ◽

100 Seed Weight

The present investigation was carried out to determine the genetic purity of the crosses in chickpea using SSR markers. The application of molecular markers SSR21 and SSR22 in F1 hybrids and their parental lines produced two bands indicating similarity among the hybrids and parental lines. The mixtures and off-types did not show similar banding pattern as compared to hybrids. The D2 analysis showed high amount of genetic diversity among parents and parental lines. The value of heterosis in a cross, JG 315 x ICCV 96029 was positive significantly higher for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, secondary branches plant-1, pods plant, biological yield and seed yield plant-1, however, it was significantly negative only for 100 seed weight.

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STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i1pp115-118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. B. SAGADE

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Mean Values ◽

Methane Sulphonate ◽

Pod Length ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

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Detection and Mapping of RAPD Markers Associated with QTL Affecting Seed Size and Shape in Common Bean

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.547b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 547b-547

Author(s):

Soon O. Park ◽

Dermot P. Coyne ◽

Geunhwa Jung ◽

E. Arnaud-Santana ◽

H. Ariyarathne

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Size ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Ri Lines

Seed size is an important trait in common bean. The objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with QTL for seed weight, seed length, and seed height in a molecular marker-based linkage map in a recombinant inbred (RI) population from the common bean cross of the larger seeded (100 seed/39 to 47 g) PC-50 (ovate seed shape) × smaller seeded (100 seed/26 to 35 g) XAN-159 (flat rhomboidal seed shape). The parents and RI lines were grown in two separate greenhouse and two field (Wisconsin, Dominican Republic) experiments using a RCBD. Continuous distributions for seed weight, seed length, and seed height were observed for RI lines indicating quantitative inheritance. One to three QTLs affecting seed weight explained 17% to 41% of the phenotypic variation. Two to three QTLs for seed length explained 23% to 45% of the phenotypic variation. One to four QTL associated with seed height explained 17% to 39% of the phenotypic variation. A RAPD marker M5.850 in linkage group 3 was consistently associated with seed weight, seed length, and seed height in all experiments and explained 7% to 13% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A seedcoat pattern morphological marker (C) in linkage group 1 was associated with seed weight and seed height in two greenhouse experiments.

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Evaluation of some sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2020-0027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Khaled Mohamed Aboelkassem ◽

Asmaa Abd-EL-Halime Ahmed ◽

Mohamed Ali Abdelsatar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Research Station ◽

Head Diameter ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

100 Seed Weight

Abstract The present investigation was carried out to evaluate agronomic performance and oil quality of seven sunflower genotypes at Shandaweel Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Sohag, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons. These genetic materials were sown in a randomized complete block design having three replications. Significant genetic variations among evaluated sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality were observed. The superior sunflower genotypes were Line 120 for seed yield per hectare (3102.38 kg), Sakha 53 for seed oil content (44.63 %) and Line 125 for oil quality where it contained the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (89.20 %). The phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all studied traits. High heritability (exceeded 60%) and genetic advance as percent of mean (ranged from medium to high, exceeded 10%) was observed for most studied traits. Seed yield per plant positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, and 100-seed weight and most chemical traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Maximum phenotypic direct effects on seed yield per plant were observed for 100-seed weight, head diameter and total unsaturated fatty acids. While, the highest genotypic direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed for head diameter. Hence, most studied traits could be employed as selection criteria for improving evaluated sunflower genotypes.

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Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Apimaysin and Maysin Synthesis and Corn Earworm Antibiosis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/149.4.1997 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 149 (4) ◽

pp. 1997-2006

Author(s):

E A Lee ◽

P F Byrne ◽

M D McMullen ◽

M E Snook ◽

B R Wiseman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicoverpa Zea ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Corn Earworm ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Significant Qtls ◽

F2 Population ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Trait Locus ◽

Maize Silks ◽

Related Compounds

Abstract C-glycosyl flavones in maize silks confer resistance (i.e., antibiosis) to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) larvae and are distinguished by their B-ring substitutions, with maysin and apimaysin being the di- and monohydroxy B-ring forms, respectively. Herein, we examine the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of maysin and apimaysin and the corresponding effects on corn earworm larval growth. Using an F2 population, we found a quantitative trait locus (QTL), rem1, which accounted for 55.3% of the phenotypic variance for maysin, and a QTL, pr1, which explained 64.7% of the phenotypic variance for apimaysin. The maysin QTL did not affect apimaysin synthesis, and the apimaysin QTL did not affect maysin synthesis, suggesting that the synthesis of these closely related compounds occurs independently. The two QTLs, rem1 and pr1, were involved in a significant epistatic interaction for total flavones, suggesting that a ceiling exists governing the total possible amount of C-glycosyl flavone. The maysin and apimaysin QTLs were significant QTLs for corn earworm antibiosis, accounting for 14.1% (rem1) and 14.7% (pr1) of the phenotypic variation. An additional QTL, represented by umc85 on the short arm of chromosome 6, affected antibiosis (R2 = 15.2%), but did not affect the synthesis of the C-glycosyl flavones.

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Fitness of F1 hybrids between 10 maternal wild soybean populations and transgenic soybean

Transgenic Research ◽

10.1007/s11248-020-00230-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Yue Liu ◽

Ze Wen Sheng ◽

Yu Qi Hu ◽

Qi Liu ◽

Sheng Qiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Wild Soybean ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Transgenic Soybean ◽

Wild Progenitor ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Pod Number

AbstractThe releasing of transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises concerns that transgenes might escape from the soybeans via pollen into their endemic wild relatives, the wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The fitness of F1 hybrids obtained from 10 wild soybean populations collected from China and transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean was measured without weed competition, as well as one JLBC-1 F1 hybrid under weed competition. All crossed seeds emerged at a lower rate from 13.33–63.33%. Compared with those of their wild progenitors, most F1 hybrids were shorter, smaller, and with decreased aboveground dry biomass, pod number, and 100-seed weight. All F1 hybrids had lower pollen viability and filled seeds per plant. Finally, the composite fitness of nine F1 hybrids was significantly lower. One exceptional F1 hybrid was IMBT F1, in which the composite fitness was 1.28, which was similar to that of its wild progenitor due to the similarities in pod number, increased aboveground dry biomass, and 100-seed weight. Under weed competition, plant height, aboveground dry biomass, pod number per plant, filled seed number per plant, and 100-seed weight of JLBC-1 F1 were lower than those of the wild progenitor JLBC-1. JLBC-1 F1 hybrids produced 60 filled seeds per plant. Therefore, F1 hybrids could emerge and produce offspring. Thus, effective measures should be taken to prevent gene flow from transgenic soybean to wild soybean to avoid the production F1 hybrids when releasing transgenic soybean in fields in the future.

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