Capric Acid Up-Regulates UCP3 Expression without PDK4 Induction in Mouse C2C12 Myotubes

In the present paper we have determined the fatty acid content of some edible insects of Mexico. A comparative analysis of the insect species studied in this research showed that caproic acid was present in a minimal proportion which ranged between 0.01 for Periplaneta americana (nymphs) and 0.06 (g/100 g, dry basis) for Euschistus strenuus. The highest proportion of caprilic acid (0.09) was found in Tenebrio molitor (adults). Atta sp. had the highest amount of capric acid (0.26). Polistes sp. was found to be rich in lauric acid (0.77) and for myristic acid it had the highest content (5.64). Dactylopius sp. and E. strenuus were rich in palmitic acid (14.89). Euschistus taxcoensis had the highest quantity of palmitoleic acid (12.06). Llaveia axin exhibited the highest quantity of stearic acid (22.75). Polistes sp. was found to be rich in oleic acid (38.28). The highest quantity of linoleic acid was observed in T. molitor (larvae) (10.89), and in L. axin the highest content of linolenic acid (7.82) was obtained. A comparison between the species under the present investigation revealed that, in general, the insects are poor in caproic, caprilic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitoleic and linolenic acids, because the quantities were either minimal or could not be detected at all. They had moderate quantities of stearic, palmitic and linoleic acids and had high quantities of oleic acid. Finally it was concluded that although a particular insect species is unable to fulfil the total fatty acid need for a human, if consumed in combination they could definitely be able to supply a good amount of this highly valued nutrient.

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β2-adrenergic receptor agonist counteracts skeletal muscle atrophy and oxidative stress in uremic mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88438-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takaaki Higashihara ◽

Hiroshi Nishi ◽

Koji Takemura ◽

Hiroshi Watanabe ◽

Toru Maruyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Culture Media ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽

C2c12 Myotubes ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Skeletal Muscle Function ◽

Ros Accumulation ◽

Β2 Adrenergic Receptor

AbstractIn patients with chronic kidney disease, skeletal muscle dysfunction is associated with mortality. Uremic sarcopenia is caused by ageing, malnutrition, and chronic inflammation, but the molecular mechanism and potential therapeutics have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that accumulated uremic toxins might exert a direct deteriorative effect on skeletal muscle and explore the pharmacological treatment in experimental animal and culture cell models. The mice intraperitoneally injected with indoxyl sulfate (IS) after unilateral nephrectomy displayed an elevation of IS concentration in skeletal muscle and a reduction of instantaneous muscle strength, along with the predominant loss of fast-twitch myofibers and intramuscular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The addition of IS in the culture media decreased the size of fully differentiated mouse C2C12 myotubes as well. ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction were also noted. Next, the effect of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist, clenbuterol, was evaluated as a potential treatment for uremic sarcopenia. In mice injected with IS, clenbuterol treatment increased the muscle mass and restored the tissue ROS level but failed to improve muscle weakness. In C2C12 myotubes stimulated with IS, although β2-AR activation also attenuated myotube size reduction and ROS accumulation as did other anti-oxidant reagents, it failed to augment the mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, IS provokes muscular strength loss (uremic dynapenia), ROS generation, and mitochondrial impairment. Although the β2-AR agonist can increase the muscular mass with ROS reduction, development of therapeutic interventions for restoring skeletal muscle function is still awaited.

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Studies on Effect of Application of Capric Acid and Stearic Acid based Reactive Phase Change Materials (rPCM) with PHAMS Binder on Thermal Comfort of Cotton Khadi Fabric as Thermo-tropic Smart Textiles.

Journal of Natural Fibers ◽

10.1080/15440478.2021.1880517 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Tapas Ranjan Kar ◽

Ashis Kumar Samanta ◽

H. D. Sinnur ◽

Mahesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Stearic Acid ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Phase Change ◽

Phase Change Materials ◽

Capric Acid ◽

Smart Textiles ◽

Cotton Khadi Fabric

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Preparation and Properties of a Composite Phase Change Energy Storage Gypsum Board Based on Capric Acid-Paraffin/Expanded Graphite

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.0c05058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 6144-6152

Author(s):

Hua Fei ◽

Linya Wang ◽

Qian He ◽

Wenqing Du ◽

Qingjun Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Phase Change ◽

Expanded Graphite ◽

Capric Acid ◽

Gypsum Board

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ADP-ribosylation of integrin α7 modulates the binding of integrin α7β1 to laminin

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20040590 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 385 (1) ◽

pp. 309-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Zhefeng ZHAO ◽

Joanna GRUSZCZYNSKA-BIEGALA ◽

Anna ZOLKIEWSKA

Keyword(s):

C2c12 Myotubes ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Integrin Β1 ◽

Adp Ribosylation ◽

In Vitro Binding ◽

Vitro Binding ◽

C2c12 Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽

Adp Ribosyltransferase

The extracellular domain of integrin α7 is ADP-ribosylated by an arginine-specific ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase after adding exogenous NAD+ to intact C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The effect of ADP-ribosylation on the structure or function of integrin α7β1 has not been explored. In the present study, we show that ADP-ribosylation of integrin α7 takes place exclusively in differentiated myotubes and that this post-translational modification modulates the affinity of α7β1 dimer for its ligand, laminin. ADP-ribosylation in the 37-kDa ‘stalk’ region of α7 that takes place at micromolar NAD+ concentrations increases the binding of the α7β1 dimer to laminin. Increased in vitro binding of integrin α7β1 to laminin after ADP-ribosylation of the 37-kDa fragment of α7 requires the presence of Mn2+ and it is not observed in the presence of Mg2+. In contrast, ADP-ribosylation of the 63-kDa N-terminal region comprising the ligand-binding site of α7 that occurs at approx. 100 μM NAD+ inhibits the binding of integrin α7β1 to laminin. Furthermore, incubation of C2C12 myotubes with NAD+ increases the expression of an epitope on integrin β1 subunit recognized by monoclonal antibody 9EG7. We discuss our results based on the current models of integrin activation. We also hypothesize that ADP-ribosylation may represent a mechanism of regulation of integrin α7β1 function in myofibres in vivo when the continuity of the membrane is compromised and NAD+ is available as a substrate for ecto-ADP-ribosylation.

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Metabolites Secreted by Bovine Embryos In Vitro Predict Pregnancies That the Recipient Plasma Metabolome Cannot, and Vice Versa

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11030162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Enrique Gomez ◽

Nuria Canela ◽

Pol Herrero ◽

Adrià Cereto ◽

Isabel Gimeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Hippuric Acid ◽

Culture Media ◽

Capric Acid ◽

Glyceryl Monostearate ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

Hydrocinnamic Acid

This work describes the use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics as a non-invasive approach to accurately predict birth prior to embryo transfer (ET) starting from embryo culture media and plasma recipient. Metabolomics was used here as a predictive platform. Day-6 in vitro produced embryos developed singly in modified synthetic oviduct fluid culture medium (CM) drops for 24 h were vitrified as Day-7 blastocysts and transferred to recipients. Day-0 and Day-7 recipient plasma (N = 36 × 2) and CM (N = 36) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-qTOF). Metabolites quantified in CM and plasma were analyzed as a function to predict pregnancy at Day-40, Day-62, and birth (univariate and multivariate statistics). Subsequently, a Boolean matrix (F1 score) was constructed with metabolite pairs (one from the embryo, and one from the recipient) to combine the predictive power of embryos and recipients. Validation was performed in independent cohorts of ETs analyzed. Embryos that did not reach birth released more stearic acid, capric acid, palmitic acid, and glyceryl monostearate in CM (i.e., (p < 0.05, FDR < 0.05, Receiver Operator Characteristic—area under curve (ROC-AUC)> 0.669). Within Holstein recipients, hydrocinnamic acid, alanine, and lysine predicted birth (ROC-AUC > 0.778). Asturiana de los Valles recipients that reached birth showed lower concentrations of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and hippuric acid (ROC-AUC > 0.832). Embryonal capric acid and glyceryl-monostearate formed F1 scores generally >0.900, with metabolites found both to differ (e.g., hippuric acid, hydrocinnamic acid) or not (e.g., heptadecanoic acid, citric acid) with pregnancy in plasmas, as hypothesized. Efficient lipid metabolism in the embryo and the recipient can allow pregnancy to proceed. Changes in phenolics from plasma suggest that microbiota and liver metabolism influence the pregnancy establishment in cattle.

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