Inactivation of Testosterone Propionate by Normal Female Rats

1941 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Biskind
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Normal Female

scholarly journals Stimulation of the corpora lutea of the rat by means of progesterone and testosterone

1937 ◽  
Vol 124 (836) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

The administration of progestin or progesterone inhibits oestrus in normal female experimental animals and leads to the cessation of follicular growth (Papanicolaou 1926, working on guinea-pigs; Gley 1928, on rats; Corner 1935, on monkeys). Active testicular extracts or testosterone have a similar effect (Ihrke and D’Amour 1931; Lendle 1931; and Robson 1936, working on rats; Zuckerman 1937, on rhesus monkeys). There is evidence that a phase of luteal activity occurs whenever the ripening of follicles is inhibited (see Evans 1928; Weichert 1930, amongst others), and it was therefore of interest to enquire whether or not luteinization of the ovaries is also an effect of the administration of progesterone and testosterone to normally cyclic female rats. Previous reports on this question are negative. Papanicolaou (1926) observed degenerative changes in the ovaries of guinea-pigs in which several successive oestrous cycles had been suppressed by means of progestin. Selye, Browne and Collip (1936) injected six rats with 4 mg. of progesterone for 12 days, and at the close of the experiment found that neither recent corpora lutea nor mature follicles were present in the ovaries. Albino and black and white rats were used. All injections were given once daily and subcutaneously. Oestrone was administered in aqueous solution, and both progesterone and testosterone propionate in oil. At the end of each experiment the uterus and one of the ovaries were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, and after sectioning, stained with haematoxylin and eosin, the ovary being sectioned serially. The second ovary of each animal was fixed in Flemming’s chrome-osmium fluid with acetic acid, and prepared to show osmicated fats according to the technique described by Deanesly (1930). In certain cases, noted below, the uterus was traumatized by the method of Shelesnyak (1933α) (a modification of that of Long and Evans), in order to produce deciduomata.

Sex difference in histamine metabolism in rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Histamine Metabolism ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Difference

The pattern of endogenous histamine excretion in the urine of male and female rats has been studied. The major sex difference is that females put out approximately 25 times more free histamine than males. This difference in free histamine output accounts for the difference in total output. Castration increased free histamine output in males, but ovariectomy or combined ovariectomy and hysterectomy have no effect on output in females. The castration effect appears in 2–5 weeks. One milligram of testosterone propionate when injected subcutaneously suppresses the output of free histamine in castrated rats, but not in normal female rats. There are also sex differences in the handling of exogenous histamine. Castrated and female rats excrete a larger proportion of exogenous histamine in the free form. This indicates that a difference in handling rather than in rate of production may account wholly or partly for the observed sex difference in endogenous histamine output.

Regulation of luteal activity in adult female rats treated neonatally with testosterone propionate

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van der Schoot ◽  
W. J. de Greef
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Decidual Tissue

The present study was concerned with the control of luteal activity in female rats which had been treated neonatally with 1·25 mg testosterone propionate (TP). Treatment of such rats in adulthood with 15 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin induced ovulation followed by a period of luteal activity. The two daily surges of prolactin secretion, typical for a period of luteal activity in the normal female rat, were not observed in TP-treated females. Instead, higher basal levels of prolactin were observed in TP-treated females than in normal female rats. Furthermore, uterine traumatization at 5 days after ovulation did not result in the formation of decidual tissue. In intact TP-treated females luteal activity, induced and temporarily sustained by an ectopic pituitary transplant, persisted after removal of the pituitary graft. In contrast, in TP-treated females which had been ovariectomized on day 25 of age and had received an ovarian transplant before induction of the luteal phase, luteal activity ended within a week after removal of the ectopic pituitary gland. Females treated with TP which had been ovariectomized on day 25 of life had lower plasma levels of prolactin and higher levels of dopamine in hypophysial stalk plasma than intact TP-treated females when measured at 4 months of age. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with oestradiol-17β increased levels of prolactin in plasma and lowered levels of dopamine in hypophysial stalk plasma. It is concluded that the control of luteal activity in TP-treated females shows 'male' characteristics. However, the presence of the ovaries in such rats leads to decreased hypothalamic release of dopamine and increased plasma levels of prolactin, probably due to increased oestrogen levels. These increased levels of prolactin are sufficient to maintain luteal activity.

LORDOSIS BEHAVIOUR IN MALE, FEMALE AND ANDROGENIZED FEMALE RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SÖDERSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Lordosis Behaviour ◽  
Dose Dependent

SUMMARY Sex differences in the lordosis response of adult rats to ovarian hormones were studied in a series of experiments. Male rats were less sensitive to oestradiol benzoate (OB, a single injection of 10, 100 or 1000 μg/kg or seven daily injections of 2, 10 or 50 μg/kg) than were female rats. Oestradiol benzoate-primed (10 μg/kg) female, but not male, rats showed dose-dependent responses to progesterone (0·4, 2·0 or 10·0 mg/kg). Male rats responded clearly to progesterone (2 mg/rat) only when primed with a high dose of OB (100 μg/rat). Display of the whole pattern of female sexual behaviour was induced in male rats by treatment with 100 μg OB and 2 mg progesterone. Female rats treated with 1 mg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 4 of life, ovariectomized as adults and tested under the same endocrine conditions as the rats described above, retained behavioural OB sensitivity but responded poorly to progesterone. Evidence is presented that ovarian secretions during development significantly modify the response of neonatally TP-treated and normal female rats to OB in adulthood.

RELEASING FACTOR AND HORMONAL CHANGES IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADOTROPHIN AND -ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN SYSTEMS BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH AND PUBERTY IN MALE, FEMALE AND ANDROGENIZED FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON A. CHIAPPA ◽  
G. FINK
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marked Drop

SUMMARY The hypothalamic content of LH releasing factor (RF), pituitary ACTH and pituitary and plasma LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay from foetal Day 15 to postnatal Day 65. Bioassayable corticotrophin releasing activity was also measured during the postnatal period. Hypothalamic LH-RF was detectable as early as foetal Day 15, increasing gradually until postnatal Day 2 and then steeply between Days 5 and 16. The levels of LH-RF were similar in both male and normal female rats until Day 41, after which the increase which had been occurring from Day 16 continued in the male but not the female. In female rats treated with testosterone propionate neonatally ('androgenized females') the hypothalamic content of LH-RF at Day 9 was significantly less than that in the male or normal female, levels reaching those found in the latter two groups by Days 16–22. The lower level of LH-RF in the androgenized female was associated with pituitary gonadotrophin and plasma FSH levels which were lower than in the normal female until Day 30. In the normal female, vaginal opening was associated with a marked drop in hypothalamic LH-RF content and in pituitary LH and FSH, but in the androgenized female, vaginal opening occurred while hypothalamic LH-RF and pituitary LH levels were still rising. The peaks in pituitary FSH and LH and in plasma LH seen on Days 22, 30 and 41, respectively, in the normal female were each delayed by 8–9 days in the androgenized female. In all three types of animal there was a significant drop in plasma FSH between Days 50 and 65 which was associated with a significant increase in pituitary FSH in the male and a significant decrease in pituitary FSH in the androgenized female rats. The day 17 foetal pituitary gland also contained ACTH, and again levels of this hormone rose steeply between Days 5 and 9. In contrast to the gonadotrophins, there was a marked divergence between the pituitary content and concentration of ACTH: content rose while concentration remained relatively steady after Day 9. There was no major difference in pituitary ACTH levels between the three types of animal throughout the study; however, around Days 16 and 50, corticotrophin releasing activity was higher in males and androgenized females compared with that in normal females.

ENZYME ACTIVITY IN KIDNEY, ADRENAL AND GONADAL TISSUE OF RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH ANDROGEN OR OESTROGEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GHRAF ◽  
H.-G. HOFF ◽  
E. R. LAX ◽  
H. SCHRIEFERS
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

SUMMARY A single injection of 300 μg oestradiol benzoate (OEB) or 1·25 mg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 1 of life led to significant changes in the activity of enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolism in kidney, adrenal and gonadal tissues of adult rats. In the kidney, the enzyme activities of male rats reacted to OEB, but not TP, by the development of normal female levels. With one exception the enzyme activities of the kidney of female rats did not respond to either steroid. In the adrenal of both sexes 5α-reductase reacted to OEB, but not TP treatment, by a fourfold increase in activity. In the ovary all the enzymes investigated responded both to OEB and TP treatment by a fall in activity; 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity fell to undetectable levels. In the testis, OEB and TP treatment led to contrasting effects. With the exception of 5α-reductase all the enzymes tested in this organ responded to OEB by a rise in activity. Where TP had any effect, it produced a slight decrease in activity.

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R62-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Running Period

The circadian wheel-running rhythms of gonadectomized adult male, female, and perinatally androgenized female rats, maintained in constant darkness, were examined before and after implantation of Silastic capsules containing cholesterol (C) or estradiol-17 beta (E). The free-running period of the activity rhythm (tau) before capsule implantation tended to be shorter in animals exposed to perinatal androgen. Administration of C did not reliably alter tau in any group. E significantly shortened tau in 100% of females injected with oil on day 3 of life. In females, injected with 3.5 micrograms testosterone propionate on day 3, and males, E shortened or lengthened tau, with the direction and magnitude of this change in tau inversely related to the length of the individual's pretreatment tau. These data indicate that the presence of perinatal androgen does not eliminate the sensitivity of the circadian system of the rat to estrogen, since estrogen alters tau in a manner that depends on its pretreatment length.

OESTROGEN RESPONSES OF RATS NEONATALLY STERILIZED WITH STEROIDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. WRENN ◽  
JOAN R. WOOD ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY At 75 days of age, female rats neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate were compared with normal and ovariectomized rats with regard to their 6-hr. response to 0·2 μg. oestradiol 17β. The greatest increases in uterine weight, glucose and glycogen concentrations and per cent uterine water occurred in the ovariectomized animals. A marked oestrogen response also occurred in the animals neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate. The response of the normal rats was slight, and the testosterone propionate-treated rats were the least affected. Adrenal, pituitary, and ovarian weights were found to be affected by the neonatal hormone treatments. Vaginal patency was completely inhibited in the rats injected with testosterone propionate. It is concluded that rats neonatally sterilized with steroids are much less suitable than ovariectomized animals for oestrogen assays.

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