6th century Amphorae with Menorah Representation from Phanagoria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Golofast ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Short List ◽  
Kosher Food ◽  
The City ◽  
Close Distance ◽  
Early Byzantine

During excavations in 2019 in Phanagoria at the Lower City site, two amphorae with red paint dipinto representing a seven-lamp menorah were found in a fire layer dating from around the middle of the 6th century. Representations of seven-armed candelabrum on amphorae and generally on containers were a sign that they contained a kosher food, i.e. suitable for consumption according to Halakha – a corpus of laws guiding activities of a Jew. Thus, the published amphorae attest to the presence of a Jewish community in the city in early Byzantine time and fill a chronological gap in a short list of archaeological and written evidence about the Jewish community of Phanagoria, moreover, the fact that the vessels were found at a fairly close distance from each other in a narrowly dated gated complex may indicate the presence of a Jewish quarter there. The finds are of particular importance due to the fact that the number of amphorae and other vessels with dipinti representing a menorah known to date is rather insignificant. Their findings are known only from excavations in several centres of the Northern Pontic and Palestine.

The Jewish Community of Late Byzantine Thessalonica: the Problem of Determining Its Status

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Natalia Zhigalova
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In this article, the author turns to an examination of the status of the Jewish community in Thessalonica in the late Byzantine period. The author concludes that both in the Byzantine era and during the Venetian rule in Thessalonica, the Jewish community of the city was subjected to numerous restrictions and prohibitions on the part of the official authorities. The reason for this was the initial isolation of the community, as well as the fact that the Jews, in contrast to the rest of the townspeople, owned vast financial resources and rented trading floors, ousting local entrepreneurs from there. The Jewish community in Thessalonica, quite numerous by the standards of contemporaries, in the XIV and XV centuries was in a state of permanent conflict with the church authorities of the city and, probably, had some influence on the communities of Judaizing Christians.

Monumental Painting: Pre-Iconoclasm

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-422
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Bolman
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
The City ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Early Byzantine

Early Byzantine artists (active ca. fourth–early eighth century) continued to employ traditional Roman techniques. In most of the empire, they painted on wet plaster (fresco) but in Egypt they applied pigments onto dry plaster (secco) using bonding agents of animal protein (tempera) or molten wax (encaustic). By far the largest number of surviving wall paintings from this period is found in Egypt, especially in desert monasteries and burial grounds. Painted buildings also survive in the city of Ephesus (Turkey), as well in other sites scattered across the empire. Although regional styles probably existed, too little survives to identify their characteristics. Instead, the extant paintings indicate considerable unity in in both styles and subjects.

The Neighborhood, the City, and Beyond

Yeshiva Days ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 43-78
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boyarin
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Lower East Side ◽  
East Side ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
The City

The chapter presents a short biography and the shiur of the Rosh Yeshiva. It introduces the people who came to the Lower East Side, and the people who were born in the area, which created a network of institutions that has been gradually dwindling for decades. The chapter also tackles how Nasanel wound up at Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ). Unlike some larger yeshivas, especially perhaps those in Israel, there do not seem to be any formal recruiting efforts at MTJ. Other than those who are from the neighborhood, people find their way to MTJ either because of the Rosh Yeshiva's reputation as a leading authority on Orthodox Jewish law, or because, like Nasanel, they have somehow gotten the sense that the place will be right for them. The chapter then takes a look at the lives of Yisroel Ruven in the Lower East Side, Asher Stoler, Rabbi Canto, both regular at the beis medresh, and the Orthodox Jewish community. Ultimately, it illustrates a neighborhood where the Jewish population has been declining for roughly a century, and where buildings to house Jewish institutions have been progressively emptied out.

Una lauda e uno scongiuro da un registro dell’Archivio di Stato di Udine

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Gabriele Zanello
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Short List ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The City

AbstractGiovanni Antonio Battaglia was a notary and a secular priest of the diocese of Aquileia. He was active between the late fifteenth and the first four decades of the sixteenth century in Gemona, his place of birth, in the castle of Porcia and the city of Udine. A register he compiled (Udine, Archivio notarile antico, n. 2247), contains two documents which are worthy of attention. The first one is a funeral lauda in Italian vernacular which completes the rather short list of the religious laude repertoire of the Friulian region between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The second document is the text Dolce Regina, dona la tua pace. This work can be placed within the framework of the brotherhoods of the Battuti, which Battaglia served as a priest and as a teacher. A rather composite Latin text also appears on the same page of the notarial register. It includes an invocation to the Magi, a quote from the Scriptures and an adapted liturgical oration. The presence of this exorcism, unusual if compared to the local context of traditional beliefs and therapeutic practices, requires wide-ranging comparisons. The figure of Battaglia himself also deserves further analysis especially in order to understand his cultural background as well as clarifying his relationship with the humanists whom he was corresponding with.

scholarly journals EXCAVATION OF DERBENT SETTLEMENT IN 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-488
Author(s):  
Murtazali S. Gadjiev ◽  
Arsen L. Budaychiev ◽  
Abdula M. Abdulaev ◽  
Askekhan K. Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
New Name ◽  
Southern Sector ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
New City ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
Excavation Area ◽  
Early Byzantine

The article is dedicated to the results of 2017 season excavations of Derbent settlement which existed before construction of the Derbent defensive complex at the end of 560-s. This settlement was gradually left after the construction of a new city given the new name Derbent (Darband). The cultural layers and the construction remains (rooms 6, 7, 8, 9) of the 5-th – 6-th centuries AD, the medieval Muslim burials which have been dug in the layer of the settlement were open in the southern sector of the excavation area XXV. The revealed complex of inhabited and economic constructions including 9 rooms is dated the 5th century AD on the basis of chronological indicators (bronze belt buckles, fibula) and other archeological finds (including, Sasanian pottery). Authors consider that this complex has stopped existence during the military-political events of the middle of the 5th century or of the beginning of the 6th century, namely in the period of an anti-Sasanian revolt of 450-451 or Iran-Savir war of 503-508 AD. The materials obtained during excavations shed new light on issues of historical topography and layout, stratigraphy and chronology, architecture and construction, economic activity, culture and life of the inhabitants of the Derbent settlement which is identified with the city-fortress of Chor/Chol known for ancient Armenian, Georgian, Syrian, Early Byzantine and Arab authors and which was the important administrative, military and religious center of East Caucasus. The received materials characterize culture.

scholarly journals A CHRONICLE OF CALCUTTA JEWRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469
Author(s):  
Sayan Lodh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
The State ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Relief Fund ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Partition Of India ◽  
The City ◽  
State Of Israel

Studies conducted into minorities like the Jews serves the purpose of sensitizing one about the existence of communities other than one’s own one, thereby promoting harmony and better understanding of other cultures. The Paper is titled ‘A Chronicle of Calcutta Jewry’. It lays stress on the beginning of the Jewish community in Calcutta with reference to the prominent Jewish families from the city. Most of the Jews in Calcutta were from the middle-east and came to be called as Baghdadi Jews. Initially they were influenced by Arabic culture, language and customs, but later they became Anglicized with English replacing Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew script) as their language. A few social evils residing among the Jews briefly discussed. Although, the Jews of our city never experienced direct consequences of the Holocaust, they contributed wholeheartedly to the Jewish Relief Fund that was set up by the Jewish Relief Association (JRA) to help the victims of the Shoah. The experience of a Jewish girl amidst the violence during the partition of India has been briefly touched upon. The reason for the exodus of Jews from Calcutta after Independence of India and the establishment of the State of Israel has also been discussed. The contribution of the Jews to the lifestyle of the city is described with case study on ‘Nahoums’, the famous Jewish bakery of the city. A brief discussion on an eminent Jew from Calcutta who distinguished himself in service to the nation – J.F.R. Jacob, popularly known as Jack by his fellow soldiers has been given. The amicable relations between the Jews and Muslims in Calcutta have also been briefly portrayed. The research concludes with the prospect of the Jews becoming a part of the City’s history, peacefully resting in their cemeteries. Keywords: Jews, Calcutta, India, Baghdadi, Holocaust

scholarly journals What a Museum Cannot Bear Witness To

Museum Worlds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Sercan Eklemezler
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Primary Motivation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Bear Witness

The primary motivation behind this study is assessing how successful “inclusive” urban museums really are in representing ethnic/religious minorities. The research site is Bursa City Museum, Turkey, where the Bursa Jewish Community used to be one of the key social and cultural elements of the city. In-depth interviews are the main method of study, since the opinions of this minority on the subject are the main focus. The main aim here is to reveal the ideas of the community (whose collective memories are threatened with extinction) about being represented in the museum, and from this analysis to make constructive suggestions for the institution. It seems that the community cares about being identified as part of the city, but is indifferent to the institution of the museum, partly due to problems in the ways in which they are represented.

scholarly journals EXCAVATION OF THE DERBENT SETTLEMENT IN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Murtazali S Gadjiev ◽  
Askerkhan K Abiev ◽  
Arsen L Budaychiev ◽  
Abdula M Abdulaev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Southern Sector ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Scientific Foundation ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
New City ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Byzantine

The article is devoted to the results of the Derbent archaeological expedition, conducted in the season of 2016 within the framework of the scientific project under the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation. The settlement preceded the erection of the Derbent defensive complex in the late 560’s and was gradually abandoned after the construction of a new city, renamed Derbent (Darband). The works were carried out in the southern sector of the excavation XXV, where the cultural layers, construction (rooms 6, 7, 8) and economic remains dating from the 4th-6th centuries, medieval Muslim burials, dug into the cultural layer of the settlement, were opened. The open complex of residential structures and outbuildings, including 8 rooms, dates from the first half - the middle of the 5th century AD on the basis of chronological indicators (bronze belt buckles) and other archaeological finds (including Sasanian pottery). The authors believe that this complex ceased to exist during the turbulent military-political events of the mid-450s, namely the anti-Sasanian insurrection of the 450 - 451 years. The authors tend to associate the fact of the termination of the complex with the capture of the Derbent fortifications by rebels in 450 AD, or rather, the Huns, who, after the defeat of the insurrection in 451, committed a ruinous invasion to Albania through the Derbent passage. The obtained material (fragments of pottery, ceramics, bone, bronze, iron, stone) characterize the culture and life of the population of the Derbent settlement, identified with the city-fortress Chor/Chol, known to ancient Armenian, Georgian, Syrian, early Byzantine and Arab authors and speakers and being an important administrative, political and religious center of the Eastern Caucasus.

scholarly journals Community Policy of Philopons in Alexandria in the Second Half of 5th – the First Half of 6th Century BC

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3 (27)) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Irina V. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Late Antique ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Byzantine

The article continues the author's series of works devoted to the study of one of the most difficult issues in the history of the intellectual tradition of late-Antique - early-Byzantine Alexandria - the evolution of confrontational process between representatives of the Christian and pagan intellectual elite in the city. The aim of the article is the analysis of the Christian community policy of philopons and its role in a confrontational process of Alexandria in the second half of 5th - the first half of 6th century BC. The result of this study was the author's conclusion that the philopons contributed to the process of confrontation in Alexandria during the period under review, changing the course of the relationship between Christians and pagans. At the same time, the philopons, understanding the complexity of the urban situation, sought to maintain a balance between the pagan’s intellectual heritage and Christian traditions.

Im Auftrag des Rechts. Christliche und jüdische Regensburger Anwälte beim Innsbrucker Prozess (1516-1519)

Aschkenas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Veronika Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
City Council ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract The expulsion of the Jewish Community from Regensburg (Ratisbon) in 1519 was one of the last and well-known expulsions of Jews from an Imperial City on the brink of the modern era. Little attention has been paid to a lawsuit between the Regensburg City Council and the Jewish Community which was initiated three years before 1519. Both the City Council and the Jewish Community sent specially authorised delegates as attorneys to attend the trial held in front of the Regiment in Innsbruck/Austria. Hans Hirsdorfer, Hansgraf of Regensburg, was usually dispatched to Innsbruck as the Christian representative while Isaak Walch made the journey in order to represent the Jewish Community. Their powers of attorney, along with other sources such as account books, give us deep insights into their scope of action regarding personal as well as juridical matters.

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