scholarly journals Histological study on the resistance in soybean (Glycine max) and wild soybean (G. soja) to purple seed stain caused by Cercospora kikuchii.

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikatsu FUJITA ◽  
Hozumi SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Cercospora kikuchii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora kikuchii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Glycine max, Phaseolus spp., Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Vigna. DISEASE: Purple seed stain (also purple blotch, purple stain or purple speck) of soyabean Infection has also been reported on other legumes, including bean (cowpea) and cluster bean or guar (35, 861; 42, 69). The most characteristic symptom is the light to dark purple colour of the seed coat, the whole of which can be affected, and which shows cracking. Other species of Cercospora cause this purple staining of soyabean seed when pods are inoculated (35, 861; 39, 68) but these are not apparently of importance in the field. Seed germination may not be greatly reduced but infected seeds develop into weak seedlings (sometimes there is a slow death) and less productive plants. Reddish-purple spots, becoming angular to irregular, up to 1 cm diam., occur on the leaves; stems are also infected (4, 714; 29, 489; 30, 503). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with host. TRANSMISSION: Through seed; infection of seed is lowest before maturity and can rise to 50% at maturity and to higher levels thereafter (36, 569). Plants whose maturity is delayed (and where the flowering period is longer) tend to show more seed infection (45, 3447). Infection of the seed reduced germination in a blotter test and in the field; the fungus can occur in seeds that show no purple staining (52, 1735).

scholarly journals Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora kikuchii, a Soybean Pathogen

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1596-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Price ◽  
Myra A. Purvis ◽  
Guohong Cai ◽  
Guy B. Padgett ◽  
Clark L. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Isolates of Cercospora kikuchii, a soybean (Glycine max) pathogen causing Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain, were tested to determine baseline sensitivities (n = 50) to selected quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides by conducting radial growth assays on fungicide-amended media. Baseline effective fungicide concentration to inhibit 50% of fungal radial growth (EC50) values were compared with EC50 values for isolates collected in 2011 (n = 50), 2012 (n = 50), and 2013 (n = 36) throughout soybean-producing areas in Louisiana. Median EC50 values for isolates subjected to QoI fungicides were significantly (P = 0.05) higher across all 3 years. Cross-resistance to QoI fungicides was observed in resistant isolates collected in 2011 to 2013. Discriminatory doses were developed for QoI fungicides to distinguish between sensitive and resistant isolates. On average, 89% of all isolates screened in 2011 to 2013 were resistant to QoI fungicides. At a discriminatory dose of thiophanate methyl (TM), a methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide, at 5 μg/ml, resistance was detected in the 2000, 2011, 2012, and 2013 collections at 23, 38, 29, and 36%, respectively. Isolates exhibiting multiple resistance to QoI fungicides and TM also were detected in 2011, 2012, and 2013 at frequencies of 34, 26, and 31%, respectively. Based on these results, Cercospora leaf blight management strategies in Louisiana using solo applications of QoI or MBC fungicides in soybean should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Cercospora kikuchii, the Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain in Soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cai ◽  
R. W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR) were used to characterize 164 isolates of Cercospora kikuchii, most of which were collected from Louisiana. Plant tissue (seeds versus leaves), but not host cultivar, had a significant impact on pathogen population differentiation. Cluster analysis showed that the Louisiana population was dominated by a primary lineage (group I) with only a few Louisiana isolates belonging to the minor lineage that also included the non-Louisiana isolates (group II). A previous study showed that isolates could be differentiated according to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). However, RAPD and MP-PCR data demonstrated that isolates of C. kikuchii were not generally clustered according to these VCGs. Furthermore, genetic relationships within and between VCGs were examined using sequences of the intergenic spacer region of rDNA. These analyses showed that VCG is not an indicator of evolutionary lineage in this fungus. Our results suggest the likely existence of a cryptically functioning sexual stage in some portion of the C. kikuchii population.

Conservation of leghemoglobin heterogeneity and structures in cultivated and wild soybean

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fuchsman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Selection Of

The leghemoglobins from a genetically diverse selection of 69 cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and plant introductions and 18 wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) plant introductions all consist of the same set of major leghemoglobins (a, c1, c2, c3), as determined by analytical isoelectric focusing. The conservation of both leghemoglobin heterogeneity and also all four major leghemoglobin structures provides strong circumstantial evidence that leghemoglobin heterogeneity is functional. Glycine max and G. soja produced the same leghemoglobins in the presence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and in the presence of fast-growing Rhizobium japonicum.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) Hairy Roots Altered the Transcription Profile of the Mutant

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Niu ◽  
Qiyan Jiang ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Xianjun Sun ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Biallelic Mutations

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been regularly applied for genome editing and gene function identification in wild soybean (Glycine max) cultivars. However, till date no studies have demonstrated successful mutagenesis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) which is the ancestor of Glycine max and rich in stress tolerance genes. In the current study, we report the successful creation of mutations in the loci encoding plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1) and nonselective cation channels (NSCC) in wild soybean hairy roots using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Two genes, GsSOS1 and GsNSCC, were mutagenized with frequencies of 28.5% and 39.9%, respectively. Biallelic mutations in GsSOS1 were detected in transgenic hairy roots. GsSOS1 mutants exhibited altered Na+/K+ ratios in the roots under both control and salt-treated conditions. However, no significant effects of GsNSCC mutation on Na+/K+ ratios were observed. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that both GsSOS1 and GsNSCC mutation altered the transcription profiles in mutant roots. Many differentially expressed gene sets that are associated with various cellular functions were identified. Our results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 systems as powerful tools for wild soybean genome editing and would significantly advance the gene mining and functional identification in wild soybean.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Glycine max and Glycine soja for Resistance to Calonectria ilicicola

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Jie Jiang ◽  
Shoji Sugano ◽  
Sunao Ochi ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Masao Ishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disease Severity Score ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
The World

Breeding for resistance to soybean red crown rot (Calonectria ilicicola) has long been hampered by the lack of genetic sources of adequate levels of resistance to use as parents. Mini core collections of soybean (Glycine max) originating from Japan (79 accessions), from around the world (80 accessions), and a collection of wild soybeans (Glycine soja) consisting 54 accessions were evaluated for resistance to C. ilicicola (isolate UH2-1). In the first two sets, average disease severity scores of 4.2 ± 0.28 and 4.6 ± 0.31 on a rating scale from zero for no symptom to 5.0 for seedling death were recorded from the set from Japan and the world. No high levels of resistance were observed in these two sets. On the other hand, disease severity score of 3.8 ± 0.35 for the wild soybean accessions was somewhat lower and exhibited higher levels of resistance compared to the soybean cultivars. Three accessions in the wild soybean collection (Gs-7, Gs-9, and Gs-27) had disease severity score ≤2.5 and showed >70% reduction in fungal growth in the roots compared to soybean control cv. “Enrei”. Further analysis using 10 C. ilicicola isolates revealed that accession Gs-9 overall had a wide range of resistance to all isolates tested, with 37% to 93% reduction in fungal growth relative to the cv. Enrei. These highly resistant wild soybean lines may serve as valuable genetic resources for developing C. ilicicola-resistant soybean cultivars.

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