scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) Hairy Roots Altered the Transcription Profile of the Mutant

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Niu ◽  
Qiyan Jiang ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Xianjun Sun ◽  
Zheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Biallelic Mutations

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been regularly applied for genome editing and gene function identification in wild soybean (Glycine max) cultivars. However, till date no studies have demonstrated successful mutagenesis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) which is the ancestor of Glycine max and rich in stress tolerance genes. In the current study, we report the successful creation of mutations in the loci encoding plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1) and nonselective cation channels (NSCC) in wild soybean hairy roots using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Two genes, GsSOS1 and GsNSCC, were mutagenized with frequencies of 28.5% and 39.9%, respectively. Biallelic mutations in GsSOS1 were detected in transgenic hairy roots. GsSOS1 mutants exhibited altered Na+/K+ ratios in the roots under both control and salt-treated conditions. However, no significant effects of GsNSCC mutation on Na+/K+ ratios were observed. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that both GsSOS1 and GsNSCC mutation altered the transcription profiles in mutant roots. Many differentially expressed gene sets that are associated with various cellular functions were identified. Our results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 systems as powerful tools for wild soybean genome editing and would significantly advance the gene mining and functional identification in wild soybean.

Conservation of leghemoglobin heterogeneity and structures in cultivated and wild soybean

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fuchsman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Selection Of

The leghemoglobins from a genetically diverse selection of 69 cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and plant introductions and 18 wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) plant introductions all consist of the same set of major leghemoglobins (a, c1, c2, c3), as determined by analytical isoelectric focusing. The conservation of both leghemoglobin heterogeneity and also all four major leghemoglobin structures provides strong circumstantial evidence that leghemoglobin heterogeneity is functional. Glycine max and G. soja produced the same leghemoglobins in the presence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and in the presence of fast-growing Rhizobium japonicum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Glycine max and Glycine soja for Resistance to Calonectria ilicicola

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Jie Jiang ◽  
Shoji Sugano ◽  
Sunao Ochi ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Masao Ishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disease Severity Score ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
The World

Breeding for resistance to soybean red crown rot (Calonectria ilicicola) has long been hampered by the lack of genetic sources of adequate levels of resistance to use as parents. Mini core collections of soybean (Glycine max) originating from Japan (79 accessions), from around the world (80 accessions), and a collection of wild soybeans (Glycine soja) consisting 54 accessions were evaluated for resistance to C. ilicicola (isolate UH2-1). In the first two sets, average disease severity scores of 4.2 ± 0.28 and 4.6 ± 0.31 on a rating scale from zero for no symptom to 5.0 for seedling death were recorded from the set from Japan and the world. No high levels of resistance were observed in these two sets. On the other hand, disease severity score of 3.8 ± 0.35 for the wild soybean accessions was somewhat lower and exhibited higher levels of resistance compared to the soybean cultivars. Three accessions in the wild soybean collection (Gs-7, Gs-9, and Gs-27) had disease severity score ≤2.5 and showed >70% reduction in fungal growth in the roots compared to soybean control cv. “Enrei”. Further analysis using 10 C. ilicicola isolates revealed that accession Gs-9 overall had a wide range of resistance to all isolates tested, with 37% to 93% reduction in fungal growth relative to the cv. Enrei. These highly resistant wild soybean lines may serve as valuable genetic resources for developing C. ilicicola-resistant soybean cultivars.

Rhizobium infection threads in root hairs of Glycine max (L.) Merr., Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc, and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Pueppke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Eight lines of soybean (Glycine max), four of wild soybean (Glycine soja), and one cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivar were inoculated with 18 Rhizobium strains. After 4 days, root hairs were examined for infection threads. Threads were produced by all hosts but exclusively in nodulating combinations. Only Rhizobium sp. strains 3G4b9a and 3G4b19 were inconsistent; they nodulated soybean and G. soja in some experiments, but rarely formed infection threads. Soybean and G. soja were indistinguishable in their interactions with rhizobia, as were lele soybean lines (genetically lack soybean lectin), Hardee soybean (contains the noduation-influencing genes Rj2 and Rj3), and several other soybean cultivars. Threads formed in cowpea with all of the R. japonicum strains and most Rhizobium sp. but not with R. lupini. Infection of all three host species occurred in portions of the primary root containing immature or no root hairs at the time of inoculation; proximal tissues having elongated root hairs lacked infection threads. Infected root hairs were short and commonly shaped like question marks. Threads usually branched and sometimes intertwined prior to elongation into the basal portion of root hairs.

scholarly journals Efficient Genome Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Chicory

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bernard ◽  
David Gagneul ◽  
Harmony Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Audrey Etienne ◽  
Jean-Louis Hilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
Biallelic Mutations

CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated with protein CAS9) is a genome-editing tool that has been extensively used in the last five years because of its novelty, affordability, and feasibility. This technology has been developed in many plant species for gene function analysis and crop improvement but has never been used in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). In this study, we successfully applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to chicory using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and protoplast transfection methods. A U6 promoter (CiU6-1p) among eight predicted U6 promoters in chicory was selected to drive sgRNA expression. A binary vector designed to induce targeted mutations in the fifth exon of the chicory phytoene desaturase gene (CiPDS) was then constructed and used to transform chicory. The mutation frequency was 4.5% with the protoplast transient expression system and 31.25% with A. rhizogenes-mediated stable transformation. Biallelic mutations were detected in all the mutant plants. The use of A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation seems preferable as the regeneration of plants is faster and the mutation frequency was shown to be higher. With both transformation methods, foreign DNA was integrated in the plant genome. Hence, selection of vector (transgene)-free segregants is required. Our results showed that genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 system can be efficiently used with chicory, which should facilitate and accelerate genetic improvement and functional biology.

Genetic analysis of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase in soybeans

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Chiang ◽  
Y. T. Kiang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate

Five mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) variants were observed electrophoretically in cultivated soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and wild soybeans (G. soja Sieb. &Zucc.). Four of the five variants differed in the mobility of the two mannose-6-phosphate isomerase bands observed, while the fifth showed no enzyme activity. Several crosses involving different variants were made to study inheritance of the observed variants. The inheritance data showed that the five variants were allelic and controlled by a single locus (Mpi). The five alleles were as follows: Mpi-a (Rf 0.61 and 0.66); Mpi-b (Rf 0.66 and 0.7); Mpi-c (Rf 0.71 and 0.75); Mpi-d (Rf 0.76 and 0.80); and mpi. Mpi-a, Mpi-b, Mpi-c, and Mpi-d are codominant, and the null allele mpi is recessive. The Mpi-b allele is most common while the Mpi-d and mpi alleles are rare in both the cultivated and wild soybean germ plasm from various sources examined.Key words: Glycine max, Glycine soja, isozymes, Mpi, gel electrophoresis, allelic frequency.

scholarly journals Comparison of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compound Profiles and Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Properties of Cultivated Soybean (Glycine max) and Wild Soybean (Glycine soja)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Qianru Chen ◽  
Xianxian Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yuan ◽  
John Shi ◽  
Chengsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc; WS) has been used as a traditional food in China for many years and contains significantly higher levels of isoflavones than cultivated soybean (Glycine max; CS), but the secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and the phenolic composition differences between them, remain unclear. The results showed that WS possessed significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content and exhibited better antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities as well as excellent protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative injury in a human endothelial cell line. Through metabolomic analysis, 642 metabolites were identified, and 238 showed differential expression, with 151 upregulated and 87 downregulated. A total of 79 flavonoid compounds were identified, 42 of which were upregulated in WS. 2′-Hydroxygenistein, garbanzol, protocatechuic aldehyde, ligustilide, and resveratrol were the most discriminated compounds in WS. The metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids were the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, flavones, and flavonols. This study substantially elucidated differences in the content of flavonoids and biological activities between WS and CS, which is useful information for the effective utilization of these two black soybean species in food processing.

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