THE CRITERION FOR TRANSFERABLE SELF-CONSISTENTLY TRANSLATIONALITY OF COORDINATE TRANSFORM OPERATORS AND REFERENCE FRAMES IN UNIVERSAL KINEMATICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ya. Grushka
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
The Given ◽  
Coordi Nates ◽  
Coordinate Transform

From an intuitive point of view universal kinematics are collections (sets) of changing objects, which evolve, being in a certain spatial-geometric environment, and evolution of whi- ch can be observed from many different frames of reference. Moreover, the definition of uni- versal kinematics impose the existence of some (preassigned) universal coordinate transform between every two reference frames of such kinematics. Transferable self-consistently translati- onal reference frames (in vector universal kinematics) are interesting because for such reference frames it is possible to give a clear and unambiguous definition of displacement of a moving reference frame relative to a fixed one, which does not depend on the choice of a fixed point in the moving frame of reference. In the present paper it is shown that an arbitrary reference frame m is transferable self-consistently translational relatively to a reference frame l (in some vector uni- versal kinematics F) if and only if the coordinate transform operator from the reference frame m to the reference frame l is transferable self-consistently translational. Therefore transferable self-consistently translational coordinate transform operators describe the conversion of coordi- nates from the moving and transferable self-consistently translational frame of reference to the (given) fixed frame in vector universal kinematics. Also in the paper it is described the structure of transferable self-consistently translational coordinate transform operators (this is the main result of the article). Using this result it have been obtained the necessary and sufficient conditi- on for transferable self-consistently translationality of one reference frame relatively to another in vector universal kinematics.

Object-Centered Neglect in Patients with Unilateral Neglect: Effects of Left-Right Coordinates of Objects

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
Morris Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Independent Measure ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Left And Right

When patients with right-sided hemispheric lesions neglect information on the left side, with respect to what set of spatial coordinates is left defined? Two potential reference frames were examined in this study, one where left and right are defined with respect to the midline of the viewer and/or environment (viewer/env-centered) and the other where left and right are defined with respect to the midline of the object (object-centered). By rotating the stimulus 90° clockwise or counterclockwise, and instructing patients with neglect to report the colors appearing around the border of a stimulus, an independent measure was obtained for the number of colors reported from the left and right of the viewer/env- and from the object-based reference frame. Whereas significant object-centered neglect was observed only for upper case asymmetrical letters but not for symmetrical letters nor for drawings of familiar animals or objects, significant viewer/env-based neglect was observed with all the stimulus types. We present an account of the coexistence of neglect in more than one frame of reference and the presence of object-centered neglect under a restricted set of conditions.

scholarly journals Towards the Definition of a Unified Celestial Optical/Radio Reference Frame

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
K. J. Johnston ◽  
J. Russell ◽  
Ch. de Vegt ◽  
J. Hughes ◽  
D. Jauncey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
Minimum Density ◽  
Optical Reference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Celestial Reference Frame

An almost inertial celestial reference frame based upon extragalactic sources is in the process of being established. This reference frame is to be global with a minimum density of one source/100 square degrees. The source positions will be based upon radio observations and will allow optical reference frames to be related to this frame at the 0.03 arc second level.

scholarly journals On the Option Pricing by the Binomial Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Halidias
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
No Arbitrage ◽  
Mathematical Arguments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Probabilistic Point ◽  
Absence Of Arbitrage

In this note we study the binomial model applied to European, American and Bermudan type of derivatives. Our aim is to give the necessary and sufficient conditions under which we can define a fair value via replicating portfolios for any derivative using simple mathematical arguments and without using no arbitrage techniques. Giving suitable definitions we are able to define rigorously the fair value of any derivative without using concepts from probability theory or stochastic analysis therefore is suitable for students or young researchers. It will be clear in our analysis that if $e^{r \delta} \notin [d,u]$ then we can not define a fair value by any means for any derivative while if $d \leq e^{r \delta} \leq u$ we can. Therefore the definition of the fair value of a derivative is not so closely related with the absence of arbitrage. In the usual probabilistic point of view we assume that $d < e^{r \delta} < u$ in order to define the fair value but it is not clear what we can (or we can not) do in the cases where $e^{r \delta} \leq d$ or $e^{r \delta} \geq u$.

Spatial Reference Frame but Neither Age nor Gender Predict Performance on a Water-Level Task in 8- to 11-Year-Old Children

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200-1212
Author(s):  
Erica M. Barhorst-Cates ◽  
Sarah H. Creem-Regehr ◽  
Jeanine K. Stefanucci ◽  
Jean Gardner ◽  
Trish Saccomano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Spatial Reference Frame ◽  
Familiar Environment ◽  
And Gender

Successful performance on the water-level task, a common measure of spatial perception, requires adopting an environmental, rather than object-centered, spatial frame of reference. Use of this strategy has not been systematically studied in prepubertal children, a developmental period during which individual differences in spatial abilities start to emerge. In this study, children aged 8 to 11 reported their age and gender, completed a paper-and-pencil water-level task, and drew a map of their neighborhood to assess spontaneous choice of spatial frame of reference. Results showed a surprising lack of age or gender difference in water-level performance, but a significant effect of spatial frame of reference. Although they made up only a small portion of the sample, children who drew allocentric maps had the highest water-level score, with very high accuracy. These results suggest that children who adopt environmental-based reference frames when depicting their familiar environment may also use environmental-based reference frame strategies to solve spatial perception tasks, thereby facilitating highly accurate performance.

scholarly journals RATIONAL PARAMETER EXPERIMENTAL DEFINITION OF ELEMENTS FOR JET FORMING PATH OF PLANT FOR UNDERWATER MATERIAL HYDROABRASIVE-JET CUTTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Владимир Белов ◽  
Vladimir Belov ◽  
Вадим Вельтищев ◽  
Vadim Vel'tischev ◽  
Андрей Галиновский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Hydro Jet ◽  
Jet Nozzle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Design Optimum ◽  
The Given

A possibility for the creation of a design and technology for manufacturing focal tubes for underwa-ter material hydro-abrasive jet cutting by means of ex-perimental development both existing hydro-jet nozzles and pre-production models of hydro-jet ones, focal tubes and designs of cutting blocks is analyzed. According to the research results at the given stage it is possible to say that the inner profile of a hy-dro-jet nozzle and also a cutting block design optimum from the point of view of productivity are defined. Impossibility to use already existing focal tubes used in the technology of material hydro-abrasive jet cutting for the technology of underwater hydro-abrasive jet cutting (UHAC) in view of the non-assurance of the specified power parameters of a hy-dro-abrasive jet is revealed. There is developed a me-thodical plan for the fulfillment of investigations pro-viding searches of ways to fulfill requirements made to UHAC.

scholarly journals On the Vector in Homogeneous Spaces

1953 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kurita
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Space ◽  
Homogeneous Spaces ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Absolute Parallelism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the parallelism of vectors in homogeneous spaces. The definition of a vector and the condition for spaces under which a covariant differential of a vector is also a vector were given by E. Cartan [4] in a very intuitive way. Here I formulate this in a stricter way by his method of moving frame. Even if a homogeneous space has the property that the covariant differential of a vector is of the same kind, another definition of covariant differential may also have the required property. I will give a necessary and sufficient condition under which the definition of covariant differential is unique. Once the covariant differential has been defined it is easy to introduce a parallelism of vectors in the space. But the parallelism depends in general on the path along which we translate a vector. The condition for the spaces with an absolute parallelism can be obtained.

scholarly journals Translatological perspective of the concept of terminological doublet reflection in the context of teaching specialized translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
R. M. Shamilov
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The article attempts to ground the importance of developing by the future translators/interpreters dealing in specialized translation the skill of consideration of peculiarities of a communicative situation of specialized translation. The necessity of developing this important translation skill seems natural since it is dictated by the circumstances of realizability of translation activity which is always carried out in a certain communicative situation. The particularity of each communicative situation of specialized translation conditions the linguistic composition of a target text which may vary from one communicative situation to another from either the formal and structural or contextual and conceptual point of view. To prove the fairness of his assertions the author, in particular, appeals to the concept of terminological synonymy/terminological doublet reflection and studies it through the prism of theoretical principles of communicative and functional approach to translation. Such a translatological view of the synonymy/doublet reflection helps the author to find a balance between opposite ways of understanding of this concept by various terminologists and offer a general translatological definition of doublet terms. This definition is fully responsive to a whole variety of communicative situations of specialized translation the particularity of which in each single case instead of a source standardized term may condition in a target language the use of its doublet represented by a professionalism, substandard language unit, conversation vocabulary unit, jargonism, dialectism, slang. Such real life examples of fulfilling professional translation activity as well as others worth becoming subjects of separate researches which contribute to the confirmation of the fact that the translators/interpreters behavior, the progress of a translation process and its result depend on the peculiarities of a certain communicative situation of specialized translation, should be taken into account when teaching students translation from the very first practical studies of specialized translation. Securing the achievement of the goal of acquiring by the students the ability of analyzing and considering the particularity of the given communicative situation in which he/she is supposed to make a translation of a specialized text should be listed among the competencies of a translator trainer.

Positive Modifications in Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Андрей Помазанский ◽  
Andrey Pomazanskiy ◽  
Сария Нанба ◽  
Sariya Nanba ◽  
Фатима Цомартова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

The article aims to identify the positive potential of the deviations in law. The authors explore issues related to the definition and essence of positive deviations in law, identification of causes, factors and conditions of their occurrence, elaboration on mechanisms for the development of positive deviations in law; identification of the consequences of such deviations. Special attention is given to self-regulation and civil initiatives as the favourable environment for the emergence of positive deviations in law and legal technologies of registering such deviations. The authors emphasize the interrelationship between the legal models and legal deviations. Their coexistence is inevitable, they are inextricably linked, and only their combined study is able to explain the processes of interest. Positive deviations in law are not per se, but only from the point of view of the given legal models. The recognition of deviations as positive depends on the assessment of the relevant legal model. The authors offer their own definition of positive deviations in law as the stable displacement of means of legal regulation from regulatory purposes, which resulted in unforeseen socially useful results. The authors conclude that positive deviations in law facilitate the selection of variants of lawful behavior and legal discretion, and are a source of lawmaking, as well as they promote correction of archaic legal models or creation of new ones.

scholarly journals Eye-Centered, Head-Centered, and Complex Coding of Visual and Auditory Targets in the Intraparietal Sulcus

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2331-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
O'Dhaniel A. Mullette-Gillman ◽  
Yale E. Cohen ◽  
Jennifer M. Groh
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Common Reference

The integration of visual and auditory events is thought to require a joint representation of visual and auditory space in a common reference frame. We investigated the coding of visual and auditory space in the lateral and medial intraparietal areas (LIP, MIP) as a candidate for such a representation. We recorded the activity of 275 neurons in LIP and MIP of two monkeys while they performed saccades to a row of visual and auditory targets from three different eye positions. We found 45% of these neurons to be modulated by the locations of visual targets, 19% by auditory targets, and 9% by both visual and auditory targets. The reference frame for both visual and auditory receptive fields ranged along a continuum between eye- and head-centered reference frames with ∼10% of auditory and 33% of visual neurons having receptive fields that were more consistent with an eye- than a head-centered frame of reference and 23 and 18% having receptive fields that were more consistent with a head- than an eye-centered frame of reference, leaving a large fraction of both visual and auditory response patterns inconsistent with both head- and eye-centered reference frames. The results were similar to the reference frame we have previously found for auditory stimuli in the inferior colliculus and core auditory cortex. The correspondence between the visual and auditory receptive fields of individual neurons was weak. Nevertheless, the visual and auditory responses were sufficiently well correlated that a simple one-layer network constructed to calculate target location from the activity of the neurons in our sample performed successfully for auditory targets even though the weights were fit based only on the visual responses. We interpret these results as suggesting that although the representations of space in areas LIP and MIP are not easily described within the conventional conceptual framework of reference frames, they nevertheless process visual and auditory spatial information in a similar fashion.

scholarly journals Autopoiesis with or without cognition: defining life at its edge

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bitbol ◽  
Pier Luigi Luisi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Biological Adaptation ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Living Unit ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Minimal Life

This paper examines two questions related to autopoiesis as a theory for minimal life: (i) the relation between autopoiesis and cognition; and (ii) the question as to whether autopoiesis is the necessary and sufficient condition for life. First, we consider the concept of cognition in the spirit of Maturana and Varela: in contradistinction to the representationalistic point of view, cognition is construed as interaction between and mutual definition of a living unit and its environment. The most direct form of cognition for a cell is thus metabolism itself, which necessarily implies exchange with the environment and therefore a simultaneous coming to being for the organism and for the environment. A second level of cognition is recognized in the adaptation of the living unit to new foreign molecules, by way of a change in its metabolic pattern. We draw here an analogy with the ideas developed by Piaget, who recognizes in cognition the two distinct steps of assimilation and accommodation. While assimilation is the equivalent of uptake and exchange of usual metabolites, accommodation corresponds to biological adaptation, which in turn is the basis for evolution. By comparing a micro-organism with a vesicle that uptakes a precursor for its own self-reproduction, we arrive at the conclusion that (a) the very lowest level of cognition is the condition for life, and (b) the lowest level of cognition does not reduce to the lowest level of autopoiesis. As a consequence, autopoiesis alone is only a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for life. The broader consequences of this analysis of cognition for minimal living systems are considered.

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