scholarly journals MASCULINITY IN A POSTMODERN TEXT: CONCEPT, IDENTITY, CHARACTER

Author(s):  
Alla Marchyshyna

The paper considers masculinity representation in a postmodern text. The author reveals the theoretical background of the origin and development of masculinity studies as a branch of gender research. The key parameters of masculinity include sexual, social, cultural, national, and age components. Specific traits of masculine personages are explicated in postmodern texts of different styles. Masculinity is treated as an objectivated realization of androcentrism which loses its dominant positions in the bipolar world of gender dichotomy due to the postmodern transformations of the outlook. It acquires the features which form a new image of a man in consciousness, community, and a text. The paper proves that contemporary society does not possess gender polarity, it witnesses weakening of “hegemonic masculinity” and diffusion of boundaries between men and women as subjects of social intercourse. There appear new aspects of masculinity which destroy male stereotypes; masculinity splits into plurality of identities often being polarized inside this sex-gender group. The paper reveals the characters framed linguistically in a text. Resulting from restructured social relations and reestimation of values, they turn up not as a traditional character of a father in a literary text but a “divorced father” who performs his father’s duties remotely as a spouse, a “domestic partner”, “ex-husband”, and/or “lover (boyfriend)”. All the newly formed gender identities and the corresponding text constructs obtain relevant lingual nominations. Analysis of dictionary definitions enables to fix the correlation between the systemic meaning of masculine gender identities and their contextual semantics. The article concludes that postmodern masculinity is no longer interpreted as a biologically determined entity but rather as a performative option of a personal choice.

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Etogo ◽  
Etgard Manga Engama ◽  
Théophile Serge Nomo

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question gender identities as the basis for a differentialist conception of how to conceive and practice corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach This study has used a qualitative approach to study five paths of small and medium-sized entreprises (SMEs) female entrepreneurs. This study selected female entrepreneurs who can bring us rich material, which highlights the relationship between the concepts of gender identity and CSR practices. In this perspective, this study has retained five “revealing” cases. Findings By establishing a break with the ontological experience that contributes to the application of CSR practices as a natural expression of behaviour, this study shows how social relations of sex reproduce but also how social relations are subverted with respect to the requirements relating to CSR practices. Originality/value The main originality of this approach consisted in adopting the concept of “gender inversion”, characteristic of “gender mobility”, to identify the potential and/or effective observable recompositions in the field of managerial behaviours.


Author(s):  
Andrea Mariuzzo

The struggle in projects, ideas and symbols between the strongest Communist Party in the West and an anti-Communist and pro-Western government coalition was the most peculiar founding element of the Italian democratic political system after World War II. Until now, most historians have focused their attention on political parties as the only players in the competition for the making of political orientations and civic identities in Italian public opinion. Others have considered Italian political struggle in the 1940s and 1950s in terms of the polarisation between Communism and organized Catholicism, due to the undoubted importance of the Church in Italian culture and social relations. This book enlarges the view, looking at new aspects and players of the anti-Communist ‘front’. It takes into account the role of cultural associations, newspapers and the popular press in the selection and diffusion of critical judgements and images of Communism, highlighting a dimension that explains the force of anti-communist opinions in Italy after 1989 and the crisis of traditional parties. The author also places the case of Italian Cold War anti-Communism in an international context for the first time.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Nagina Kanwal ◽  
Qamar Khushi

This article examines the women’s construction of gender identities as a form of resistance in the presence of dominant discourses. Firstly, it aims to analyze the construction of gender identities which are not approved by the societal norms and yet helps women gain a position of power needed to survive in a male dominated society. Secondly, it seeks to describe and interpret the socio-cultural discursive practices responsible for inequities and the strategies adopted by the women for resistance and change. The data for the present study consists of a single episode television play “Chal Jhooti”. Feminist Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA) and theory of performativity are employed to deconstruct the cross identities and to reveal the discourses underlying the mechanism of power in sustaining repressive social structures and hegemonic social relations. The findings reveal that women are multiply located in discourse as they adopt particular ways to resist certain dominant social practices. It also reveals that women’s construction and performance of masculine gender identity is not merely construed as their power but at the same time it is a reinforcement of men’s power as generally these gender crossings aggravate the essential dualism of the gender structure. The current study suggests that the presence of existing discourse of gender differentiation results in deviations from gender appropriate norms which are policed and intended as a mean to defy it.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Eliesér Toretta Zen ◽  
Douglas Christian Ferrari de Mello

Objetivamos analisar, a partir de estudos bibliográficos, as relações sociais capitalistas, Estado ampliado e formação humana a partir do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci. Fizemos um estudo bibliográfico a partir do referencial teórico de Gramsci e de seus principais intérpretes. O estudo revelou, que para Gramsci, o Estado não é visto como algo monolítico, sem contradições internas. As frações do bloco no poder estão presentes no Estado, nos seus aparelhos e órgãos e na definição de políticas. As contradições que os acompanham também se apresentam no Estado. Assim, o Estado é um campo de disputas entre as classes fundamentais pela conquista da hegemonia. A escola unitária, promovendo a formação humana onilateral é fundamental para as classes subalternas na construção da nova hegemonia e, por sua vez, de um projeto alternativo de sociedade e de educação. Na escola unitária se realizará a união entre trabalho intelectual e manual, teoria e prática, formação profissional e formação geral, o especialista e o político, preparando as classes subalternas para as funções de direção, de governante, de especialista e de direção política, colocando-as em condições de dispor do Estado a serviço do bem comum.Palavras-chave: Gramsci. Estado ampliado. Formação humana. A proposal of human formation as a field of dispute for the enlarged state within the capitalist system: gramscian notes.ABSTRACTWe aim to analyze, from bibliographical studies, the capitalist social relations, expanded State and human formation based on the thought of Antonio Gramsci. We outlined a bibliographical study based on Gramsci’s theoretical background and his main interprets. The study disclosed that, for Gramsci, the State is not seen as something monolithic, without any internal contradictions, the fractions of the block in power are present in the State, in its apparatuses, organs and in the definition of policies. The contradictions that follow them also appear in the State. Thus, the State is a fi eld of disputes between the fundamental classes for the conquest of hegemony. The unitary school, promoting the unilateral human formation, is fundamental for the subaltern classes in the construction of the new hegemony and, on the other hand, an alternative project of society and education. In the unitary school will happen the union between intellectual and manual labor, theory and practice, professional and general formation, the specialist and the political, preparing the subaltern classes for the functions of management, of governor, of specialist and of political direction, placing them in conditions of disposing the State and in order to common good.Keywords: Gramsci. Expanded state. Human formation. Una propuesta de formación humana como campo de disputa por el estado ampliado dentro del sistema capitalista: apuntes gramscianos. RESUMENObjetivamos analizar, a partir de estudios bibliográficos, las relaciones sociales capitalistas, Estado ampliado y formación humana a partir del pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci. Hemos hecho un estudio bibliográfico a partir del referencial teórico de Gramsci y de sus principales intérpretes. El estudio reveló, que para Gramsci, el Estado no es visto como algo monolítico, sin contradicciones internas. Las fracciones del bloque en el poder están presentes en el Estado, en sus aparatos y órganos y en la definición de políticas. Las contradicciones que los acompañan también se presentan en el Estado. Así, el Estado es un campo de disputas entre las clases fundamentales por la conquista de la hegemonía. La escuela unitaria, promoviendo la formación humana omnilateral es fundamental para las clases subalternas en la construcción de la nueva hegemonía y, a su vez, de un proyecto alternativo de sociedad y de educación. En la escuela unitaria se realizará la unión entre trabajo intelectual y manual, teoría y práctica, formación profesional y formación general, el especialista y el político, preparando las clases subalternas para las funciones de dirección, de gobernante, de especialista y de dirección política, colocando-las en condiciones de disponer del Estado al servicio del bien común.Palabras clave: Gramsci. Estado ampliado. Formación humana.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jirgl

This paper aims to examine the impact and overlap of the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas in connection with the issue of determining others in contemporary modern society, especially in relation to ethical theoretical background and real political practice. This paper aims to relate Levinasian philosophy to the phenomena of contemporary modern society, specifically, its ethics and political practice. This paper intends to capture the relevance of Levinasian philosophy to our current political and religious conflicts, the issue of refugees, immigrants, and the phenomenon of mass migration. In a broader sense, it also reflects upon the issues of racism and globalization as pertinent issues in our current age.


2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-André Turcotte

The national Church is characterized by a concentric synthesis of religion, nation, culture and society, in alliance with other social authorities. The socio-religious body it constitutes presents features similar to those of a system’s organic whole. Its composition may be described as plural and animated by an esprit de corps. The regulatory social codes structuring its varied social relations contribute to establishing the bond of reciprocity in the distinction. The various mediations implemented in this sense are aimed at periodically revitalizing a tradition in order to maintain an ecclesial body that is at the same time social; all the more so as the national Church is at odds with the conditions of organized religion in contemporary society, its historical characteristics notwithstanding.


1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanina Ben-Menahem

Examination of the institution of the gift in the Talmud reveals that giving gifts to Gentiles is prohibited. The prohibition is generally believed to be motivated by the desire to restrict social intercourse between Jews and Gentiles. Gift-giving, it is argued, might lead to, or indicate the existence of, overly-close social relations. On this understanding of the institution, then, it is the potential consequences of the gift-giving that are problematic, rather than the act itself. I will argue that this social account of the origin of the prohibition is unsatisfactory, and that while social considerations did play a role, to regard the inhibition of fraternization with Gentiles as the sole or primary factor underlying the prohibition is a facile oversimplification. Further, I will argue that the explanation for the prohibition must be sought in the act itself, rather than in its consequences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Tylchyk ◽  
Yurii Riabchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Popivniak

The innovation of conceptual provisions of the administrative law doctrine that are based on the priority of rights, freedoms, legitimate interests of an individual, service orientation of the public administration authorities’ performance affects the essence of the controlling authorities’ management (administrative) activity in the area of taxation and requires its fundamental upgrade. Drafting of theoretical provisions as to the essence and the types of the controlling authorities’ management (administrative) activity in the area of taxation should be based on a profound theoretical and legal analysis of the existing concepts and doctrines and their comparison with the current developments in the public administration authorities’ performance that carry out similar activities. In addition, it’s reasonable to highlight the issues of legal regulation of the relations with respect to the controlling authorities’ management (administrative) activity carried out in the area of taxation. The research objective is to substantiate the theoretical background of the controlling authorities’ management (administrative) activity in the area of taxation set out in the form of a list of the substantive characteristics of such activity, the provisions that reflect its peculiarities, as well as the systematization of the lines and types of such activity. The object of the research is the social relations of a public-law nature, related to the activities of the controlling authorities in the area of taxation. The contemporary concepts and doctrines developed by the scientists through critical thinking constitute the theoretical basis of the scientific analysis. This article explores the scientific papers related to the issues of public administration, administrative law, and administrative activity. System-based approach constitutes the methodology of the scientific analysis which made it possible to single out the elements of the administrative activity system, to reveal their content and to take into account their specific features when determining the nature of the controlling authorities’ management (administrative) activity in the area of taxation. The result of this research is the theory that reveals the current essence of the specified activity and its lines. This article places emphasis on the existence of public and service component of the specified activity.


Author(s):  
Peter Dodds ◽  
Duncan J. Watts

This article explores dynamic networks and diffusion, with particular emphasis on evolving traces of enacted social relations. It begins with a review of models for the evolution of networks over time — making a distinction between ‘node-based’ and ‘edge-based’ models — and more specifically how and why networks change. It then considers how network timing affects the flow of things across networks, focusing on how edge timing reshapes the set of paths potentially useful for diffusion. It also discusses the structure requirements for network diffusion and shows how these requirements are affected when we assume edges come and go over time. Finally, it describes the effect of tie order on diffusion potential as well as the correlation between network evolution and diffusion.


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