scholarly journals The concept of species in poplars (genus Populus L., Salicaceae) based on the example of the subgenus Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky representatives growing in Russia and neighbouring countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-466
Author(s):  
Yuri Nasimovich ◽  
Marina Kostina ◽  
Natalia Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Ecological Races ◽  
Species Study

Using the traditional research methods, based on the example of local and cultivated representatives of the Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus growing in Russia and neighboring countries, the concept of a species in poplars (genus Populus L., Salicaceae) has been developed. It is suggested that the sections of black poplars (Aigeiros Duby) and balsamic poplars (Tacamahaca Spach) in Eurasia form a single supraspecific system with a common gene pool, which is very similar to syngameon. The taxonomic species that make up such a system are different dynamic states of this system and exist in the equilibrium state between natural selection, which forms and preserves the specifics of each dynamic state, and gene flows from other taxonomic species. Such a system can also be considered as a large Linnaean species represented by many subspecies or even geographical and ecological races. The use of molecular genetic methods for the taxonomic species study in the Populus genus is difficult due to the powerful flow of genes between the species, since the species differ in a small number of genes responsible for adaptive characters. The sections of the subgenus Tacamahaca poplars are ecological. The combination of species in these sections is not so much about the unity of their origin, but about the common growing conditions: black poplars tend to grow in lowlands, while the balsamic poplars tend to grow in the mountains, with which the poplars’ diagnostic characters are associated. In nature, belonging to a certain section is more profitable than the intermediate state, but in cultivation and in the urban environment, the opposite situation is observed.

Markers of steroid resistance of the primary nephrotic syndrome in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. L. Morozov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Dlin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Primary Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Common

The global task of the recent decade is to search for clinical and laboratory markers accurately showing a patient’s reaction to steroid therapy and other immunosuppressive drugs. It is important the applied methods and tests to be non-invasive and simple to use. The article considers various biomarkers used to verify the type of nephrotic syndrome depending on the sensitivity to steroid therapy. Besides the common markers, which are used in clinical practice or have shown a significant result, the work highlights the molecular- genetic markers of resistance to steroid therapy, which are of special clinical importance today. Also, the article presents authors’ own results in diagnosing the steroid resistance of the primary nephrotic syndrome.

scholarly journals Problems and possibilities of studying malting quality in barley using molecular genetic approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
N. V. Trubacheeva ◽  
L. A. Pershina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Growing Conditions

About one-third of the world’s barley crop is used for malt production to meet the needs of the brewing industry. In this regard, the study of the genetic basis of malting quality traits and the breeding of malting barley varieties that are adaptive to their growing conditions are relevant throughout the world, particularly in the Russian Federation, where the cultivation and use of foreign malting varieties of barley prevails. The main parameters of malting quality (artificially germinated and dried barley grains) are malt extract, diastatic power, Kolbach index, viscosity, grain protein, wort β-glucan, free amino nitrogen, and soluble protein content. Most of these components are under the control of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are affected by environmental conditions, which complicates their study and precise localization. In addition, the phenotypic assessment of malting quality traits requires elaborate, expensive phenotypic analyses. Currently, there are more than 200 QTLs associated with malting parameters, which were identified using biparental mapping populations. Molecular markers are widely used both for mapping QTL loci responsible for malting quality traits and for performing marker-assisted selection (MAS), which, in combination with conventional breeding, makes it possible to create effective strategies aimed at accelerating the process of obtaining new promising genotypes. Nevertheless, the MAS of malting quality traits faces a series of difficulties, such as the low accuracy of localization of QTLs, their ineffectiveness when transferred to another genetic background, and linkage with undesirable traits, which makes it necessary to validate QTLs and the molecular markers linked to them. This review presents the results of studies that used MAS to improve the malting quality of barley, and it also considers studies that searched for associations between genotype and phenotype, carried out using GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches based on the latest achievements of high-throughput genotyping (diversity array technology (DArT) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs)).

Evolutionary social science beyond culture

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
Harold Kincaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Explanations ◽  
The Common

Mesoudi et al.'s case can be improved by expanding to compelling selectionist explanations elsewhere in the social sciences and by seeing that natural selection is an instance of general selectionist process. Obstacles include the common use of extreme idealizations and optimality evidence, the copresence of nonselectionist social processes, and the fact that selectionist explanations often presuppose other kinds of social explanations.

Modeling and forecasting the outcomes of NBA basketball games

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Manner
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Forecast Combination ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Betting Market ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
The Common ◽  
Betting Odds

AbstractThis paper treats the problem of modeling and forecasting the outcomes of NBA basketball games. First, it is shown how the benchmark model in the literature can be extended to allow for heteroscedasticity and estimation and testing in this framework is treated. Second, time-variation is introduced into the model by introducing a dynamic state space model for team strengths. The in-sample results based on eight seasons of NBA data provide weak evidence for heteroscedasticity, which can lead to notable differences in estimated win probabilities. However, persistent time variation is only found when combining the data of several seasons, but not when looking at individual seasons. The models are used for forecasting a large number of regular season and playoff games and the common finding in the literature that it is difficult to outperform the betting market is confirmed. Nevertheless, a forecast combination of model based forecasts with betting odds can lead to some slight improvements.

scholarly journals Designing yeast as plant-like hyperaccumulators for heavy metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Sun ◽  
Erin. E. Reynolds ◽  
Angela M. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
Strontium Removal ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Metal Trafficking ◽  
Engineered Yeast ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Abstract Hyperaccumulators typically refer to plants that absorb and tolerate elevated amounts of heavy metals. Due to their unique metal trafficking abilities, hyperaccumulators are promising candidates for bioremediation applications. However, compared to bacteria-based bioremediation systems, plant life cycle is long and growing conditions are difficult to maintain hindering their adoption. Herein, we combine the robust growth and engineerability of bacteria with the unique waste management mechanisms of plants by using a more tractable platform-the common baker’s yeast-to create plant-like hyperaccumulators. Through overexpression of metal transporters and engineering metal trafficking pathways, engineered yeast strains are able to sequester metals at concentrations 10–100 times more than established hyperaccumulator thresholds for chromium, arsenic, and cadmium. Strains are further engineered to be selective for either cadmium or strontium removal, specifically for radioactive Sr90. Overall, this work presents a systematic approach for transforming yeast into metal hyperaccumulators that are as effective as their plant counterparts.

Incontinentia Pigmenti in an XY Boy: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Mullan ◽  
Mher Barbarian ◽  
Yannis Trakadis ◽  
Brenda Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Somatic Mosaicism ◽  
Incontinentia Pigmenti ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ikbkg Gene

Background: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare genetic skin disorder with X-linked dominant inheritance and a characteristic sequence of cutaneous manifestations, which is regarded as lethal in XY males. Objective: To report a case of a surviving XY male with the common IKBKG (NEMO) gene deletion confirming IP. Methods and Results: A newborn XY male with suspected IP underwent a skin biopsy on affected tissue for histopathology. Molecular genetic testing was also performed on the specimen and revealed the common IKBKG gene deletion with a pattern suggestive of somatic mosaicism. Our findings are aligned with a PubMed literature review for XY males with IP and documented IKBKG mutation. We determined that only 10 such genetically proven cases have been reported, including our case. Conclusion: Although relatively rare, cases of IP in XY males with the common NEMO mutation have likely been underreported due to the unavailability of appropriate testing in the past. Karyotype and molecular testing should be considered when clinical suspicion of IP arises for a male patient.

scholarly journals Protein translocons in photosynthetic organelles of Paulinella chromatophora

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gagat ◽  
Paweł Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Protein Import ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Plastid Gene ◽  
Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer ◽  
Redox Sensor ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chromatophore Membrane

The rhizarian amoeba <em>Paulinella chromatophora</em> harbors two photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbionts (chromatophores), acquired independently of primary plastids of glaucophytes, red algae and green plants. These endosymbionts have lost many essential genes, and transferred substantial number of genes to the host nuclear genome via endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), including those involved in photosynthesis. This indicates that, similar to primary plastids, <em>Paulinella</em> endosymbionts must have evolved a transport system to import their EGT-derived proteins. This system involves vesicular trafficking to the outer chromatophore membrane and presumably a simplified Tic-like complex at the inner chromatophore membrane. Since both sequenced <em>Paulinella</em> strains have been shown to undergo differential plastid gene losses, they do not have to possess the same set of Toc and Tic homologs. We searched the genome of <em>Paulinella</em> FK01 strain for potential Toc and Tic homologs, and compared the results with the data obtained for <em>Paulinella</em> CCAC 0185 strain, and 72 cyanobacteria, eight Archaeplastida as well as some other bacteria. Our studies revealed that chromatophore genomes from both <em>Paulinella</em> strains encode the same set of translocons that could potentially create a simplified but fully-functional Tic-like complex at the inner chromatophore membranes. The common maintenance of the same set of translocon proteins in two <em>Paulinella</em> strains suggests a similar import mechanism and/or supports the proposed model of protein import. Moreover, we have discovered a new putative Tic component, Tic62, a redox sensor protein not identified in previous comparative studies of <em>Paulinella</em> translocons.

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