Glarner Waldwirtschaft im letzten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts | Glarner Forest Management in the last quarter of the 20th Century

2002 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 249-250
Author(s):  
Fritz Marti
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Looking Back

Looking back on the last quarter of the 20th century, we see that the most striking changes in forest management have come about following large and frequent catastrophes. Management– concerned solely with wood production in former times – is oriented more towards retaining stability of the stands nowadays. In addition, the aspect of tending and improving the environment continues to gain ground. The growing gap between expenditure and profit is particularly acute in Glarner mountain forest areas. The extension of promotional silvicultural measures, which widely determines today's management, is to be seen as a logical consequence.

Gebirgswaldbau – vom finanziellen Rückgrat der Berggemeinden zum Risikomanagement | Mountain forest management: risk management of the financial backbone of mountain communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
Monika Frehner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Framework Conditions

Over the past decades the framework conditions pertaining to the care of mountain forests have changed radically. Wood production has become less and less profitable whereas public demands placed on the forest have grown considerably, particularly with regard to its protective function. The paper gives an overview of the most important developments since the appointment of Jean-Philippe Schütz at ETH Zurich as professor of silviculture. We concentrate on the following issues; firstly the teaching of mountain silviculture, which has been carried out since 1980 by Professor Schütz. Secondly, implementation,which since 1984 has been fostered by the Swiss Mountain Silvicultural group and, thirdly, developments with regard to projects.

Mountain forest ecosystem services – maintaining resilience in the face of disturbances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stritih ◽  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

<p>For centuries, mountain forests in the Alps have provided essential ecosystem services such as wood production and protection from natural hazards (e.g. avalanches and landslides), which enable mountain societies to thrive in these marginal environments. These ecosystem services are affected by climate and land use change, as well as changes in societal demand and management regimes. In recent years, the management of mountain forests has been increasingly driven by forest disturbances, such as windthrow, bark beetle outbreaks, and forest fires. The increasing rate of disturbances has the potential to convert forests from carbon sinks to carbon sources, and may also affect the provision of other ecosystem services, such as avalanche protection. The capacity of forests to provide services, their vulnerability to disturbance, and their resilience depend on their structure, composition and management regime. Forests with a heterogeneous structure and species composition are expected to better maintain their protection function after disturbances.</p><p>Information on forest structure and its link to functions and services is available from a variety of sources, from Earth Observation and in-situ data, existing process-based models, to local expert knowledge. We use Bayesian Networks to integrate these different types of information and model ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, wood production, and avalanche protection) in the Swiss Alps. This probabilistic modelling approach allows us to identify knowledge gaps and explore uncertainties in the future provision of ecosystem services. Since disturbances are a major source of uncertainty, we combine remote sensing and forest management data to investigate how disturbance severity and post-disturbance recovery are influenced by stand characteristics, such as structural heterogeneity. Based on this analysis, we discuss how forest management can help ensure the provision of mountain forest ecosystem services under changing disturbance regimes. </p>

scholarly journals Arbeit und Verdienst für Wald und Säge (Essay)

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Daniel Fässler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Processing Chain ◽  
Wood Consumption ◽  
Forest Managers

Jobs and income for the forest and the sawmill (essay) For centuries, the Swiss forest had to be protected from overexploitation of wood, but still provided jobs and income. Since the end of the 20th century, the use of domestic wood has been declining, while imports of sawn wood and wood products have increased. Rising costs and lower yields are the main causes. The Holz 21 (Wood 21) programme has been able to boost the use of wood to some extent, but neither Swiss forest owners nor domestic sawmills have been able to benefit from the current boom in wood consumption. On the contrary, fellings and in particular the volume of sawn wood production continued to decline. In this context, we could easily retreat to a fatalist approach. But considering the great potential of forests and wood and the benefits which are at stake, optimism and action are needed. Forest management must become more efficient and forest managers must make greater efforts to define the products and services for which customers are willing to pay. The promotion of Swiss wood must also be intensified. The aim is to establish the «Swiss wood» label at all stages of the wood processing chain and thus also to reach consumers. After all, not all «wood» products are equivalent when sustainability is properly taken into account.

scholarly journals A Participatory and Spatial Multicriteria Decision Approach to Prioritize the Allocation of Ecosystem Services to Management Units

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Marlene Marques ◽  
Keith M. Reynolds ◽  
Susete Marques ◽  
Marco Marto ◽  
Steve Paplanus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Multicriteria Decision

Forest management planning can be challenging when allocating multiple ecosystem services (ESs) to management units (MUs), given the potentially conflicting management priorities of actors. We developed a methodology to spatially allocate ESs to MUs, according to the objectives of four interest groups—civil society, forest owners, market agents, and public administration. We applied a Group Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System approach, combining (a) Multicriteria Decision Analysis to weight the decision models; (b) a focus group and a multicriteria Pareto frontier method to negotiate a consensual solution for seven ESs; and (c) the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system to prioritize the allocation of ESs to MUs. We report findings from an application to a joint collaborative management area (ZIF of Vale do Sousa) in northwestern Portugal. The forest owners selected wood production as the first ES allocation priority, with lower priorities for other ESs. In opposition, the civil society assigned the highest allocation priorities to biodiversity, cork, and carbon stock, with the lowest priority being assigned to wood production. The civil society had the highest mean rank of allocation priority scores. We found significant differences in priority scores between the civil society and the other three groups, highlighting the civil society and market agents as the most discordant groups. We spatially evaluated potential for conflicts among group ESs allocation priorities. The findings suggest that this approach can be helpful to decision makers, increasing the effectiveness of forest management plan implementation.

20th century nursing: Looking back in time

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 464-464
Author(s):  
Matthew Bradby
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Looking Back

scholarly journals DET ZOOFILE ÅRHUNDREDE

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

Anne Knudsen: The Century of Zoophilia Taking as her point of departure the protests against a dying child having his last wish fulfilled because his wish was to kill a bear, the author argues that animals have achieved a higher moral status than that of humans during the 20th century. The status of animals (and of “nature”) is seen as a consequence of their muteness which on the one hånd makes it impossible for animals to lie, and which on the other hånd allows humans to imagine what animals would say, if they spoke. The development toward zoophilia is explained as a a logical consequence of the cultural naturalisation of humans, and the author draws the conclusion that we may end up entirely without animals as a category. This hypothetical situation will lead to juridical as well as philosophical complications.

scholarly journals The state of mountain forest ecosystems in the Bashkir Nature Reserve (Southern Urals)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Ainur Biembetov ◽  
Nur Yanybayev ◽  
Ilnar Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Current State

Environmental monitoring of specially protected natural reservations in Russia makes it necessary to analyze periodically the parameters of natural reservations to identify the state of components of nature. The Bashkir Nature Reserve is located in the Southern Urals. The availability of materials on forest management in 1956, 1969, 1979, and 2016 is one of the special features of the scientific fund of the Bashkir Nature Reserve. The analysis of these materials showed stable positive dynamics of the development of coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forestry and its current state.

scholarly journals Propagation from root cuttings for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Keserű ◽  
K. Rédei ◽  
J. Rásó ◽  
T. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Clonal Forestry ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
The World ◽  
More Care ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a valuable stand-forming tree species introduced to Europe approximately 400 years ago from North America. Today it is widely planted throughout the world, first of all for wood production. In Hungary, where black locust has great importance in the forest management, it is mainly propagated by seeds. But since the seed-raised plants present a great genetic variation, this type of propagation can not be used for Robinia’s improved cultivars. In the Hungarian black locust clonal forestry, propagation from root cuttings can be used for reproduction of superior individuals or cultivars in large quantities. However, this method demands more care than raising seedlings from seeds and can be applied with success in well-equipped nurseries.

scholarly journals Analysis of some dynamic series of forest production and trends of forest economics in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kupčák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Series

Functions of wood production in forestry are historically determined by felling possibilities of forest resources. Revenues from timber sales create a financial space for silvicultural operations thus providing for management continuity. These determinations have however recently shown a rather negative trend of development due to the development of timber prices on the one hand and due to increasing inputs on the other hand, last but not least also due to the projections of near-natural forest management methods and increasing area under special management regimes. In their synergy, all these factors lead to economic impacts reflected not only in the profit of forest owners but also in economic results of other entities. The paper presents an analysis into the trends of forest management primary economic variables in the Czech Republic in the period from 1998−2004.

scholarly journals Ecological classification for mountain forest sustainability in northeast China

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Dai ◽  
Guofan Shao ◽  
Baoying Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Baihe Forestry Bureau ◽  
Land Types

This paper introduces the classification of Ecological Land Types (ELT) in eastern mountainous regions of northeast China and demonstrates ELT mapping for the Baihe Forestry Bureau on Changbai Mountain, lying along the border of China and North Korea. The development of ELTs will facilitate the adoption of ecological forest management and the restoration of native forest vegetation in northeast China. By overlaying forest inventory data with the ELT map, suggestions on ecosystem forest management are discussed in this paper. Key words: China's forestry, ecosystem management, ecological land types, geographic information systems, digital elevation models

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