scholarly journals Internet interventions for depression: new developments

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Internet Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Pros And Cons

A wide range of Internet interventions, mostly grounded in methods of cognitive behavioral therapy, have been developed and tested for several mental disorders. The evidence to date shows that these interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of depression. Metaanalyses report small-to-medium effect sizes when Internet interventions are delivered as stand-alone self-help interventions (d=0.25-0.36), and medium-to-large effect sizes when delivered as therapist-guided interventions (d=0.58-0.78), both compared with usual care. Only a minority of people suffering from depression receive adequate treatment, and Internet interventions might help bridge the large treatment gap. This review summarizes the current body of evidence and highlights pros and cons of Internet interventions. It also outlines how they could be implemented in mental health care systems and points out unresolved questions, as well as future directions, in this research field.

Time-Based QoS Prediction and Rank Aggregation of Web Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-100
Author(s):  
V. Mareeswari ◽  
E. Sathiyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Rank Aggregation ◽  
Qos Prediction ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Commercial Applications

Everyday activities are equipped with smart intellectual possessions in the modern Internet domain for which a wide range of web services are deployed in business, health-care systems, and environmental solutions. Entire services are accessed through web applications or hand-held computing devices. The recommender system is more prevalent in commercial applications. This research predicts the preference of consumers and lists the recommended services in order of ranking for consumers to choose services in a short time span. This proposed approach aims to offer the exact prediction of missing QoS (quality of service) value of web services at a specified time slice. The uncertainty of QoS value has been predicted using the cloud model theory. The focus is to give the global ranking using the aggregated ranking of the consumer's ranking list, which has been obtained through the Kemeny optimal aggregation algorithm. In this work, multidimensional QoS data of web services have experimented and given an accurate prediction and ranking in the web environment.

scholarly journals A Population Perspective on Prevention of Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmé Eggink ◽  
Eric P. Moll van Charante ◽  
Willem A. van Gool ◽  
Edo Richard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems

The global number of people living with dementia is expected to increase to 130 million in 2050. Based on extensive evidence from observational studies, it is estimated that about 30% of dementia cases may be attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. This suggests that interventions targeting these factors could perhaps delay or prevent the onset of dementia. Since the vast majority of people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries, such interventions should preferably be easy and affordable to implement across a wide range of health care systems. However, to date, results from dementia prevention trials do not provide convincing evidence that treatment of these risk factors reduces the risk of dementia. The current paper aims to give an overview of available evidence for the potential for dementia prevention. In particular, we discuss methodological issues that might complicate the development of effective prevention interventions and explore the opportunities and challenges for future dementia prevention research. Currently, several ongoing and planned trials are testing the effect of multi-domain interventions on dementia risk in high-risk populations. It is desirable that future dementia strategies also target the wider population, through interventions on the individual, community, and population level, in order to constrain the growing prevalence of dementia worldwide.

scholarly journals A Roadmap for Building Data Science Capacity for Health Discovery and Innovation in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Beyene ◽  
Solomon W. Harrar ◽  
Mekibib Altaye ◽  
Tessema Astatkie ◽  
Tadesse Awoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems

Technological advances now make it possible to generate diverse, complex and varying sizes of data in a wide range of applications from business to engineering to medicine. In the health sciences, in particular, data are being produced at an unprecedented rate across the full spectrum of scientific inquiry spanning basic biology, clinical medicine, public health and health care systems. Leveraging these data can accelerate scientific advances, health discovery and innovations. However, data are just the raw material required to generate new knowledge, not knowledge on its own, as a pile of bricks would not be mistaken for a building. In order to solve complex scientific problems, appropriate methods, tools and technologies must be integrated with domain knowledge expertise to generate and analyze big data. This integrated interdisciplinary approach is what has become to be widely known as data science. Although the discipline of data science has been rapidly evolving over the past couple of decades in resource-rich countries, the situation is bleak in resource-limited settings such as most countries in Africa primarily due to lack of well-trained data scientists. In this paper, we highlight a roadmap for building capacity in health data science in Africa to help spur health discovery and innovation, and propose a sustainable potential solution consisting of three key activities: a graduate-level training, faculty development, and stakeholder engagement. We also outline potential challenges and mitigating strategies.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Usual-Care Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents with Depressive Disorders Rated by Parents and Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Walter ◽  
Jana Buschsieweke ◽  
Lydia Dachs ◽  
Hildegard Goletz ◽  
Anja Goertz-Dorten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract BackgroundDepressive disorders are common in adolescence and are associated with a wide range of negative long-term outcomes. Highly controlled randomized controlled trials (RCT) provide considerable evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression, but the effectiveness of CBT under routine care conditions remains unproven.MethodsIn the present observational study, the changes achieved through routine CBT in adolescents with depressive disorders treated in a university outpatient clinic were analyzed, and compared to a historical control group of adolescents with depressive disorders who had received treatment as usual. At the start and end of treatment (pre- and post-assessment), parent and self-ratings of the German versions of the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and rating scales for depressive symptoms (FBB-DES, SBB-DES) were assessed. A total of 331 adolescents aged 11–18 years with complete data were assessed for the main analysis.ResultsThe analysis yielded small to large pre-post effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for the total sample (d = 0.33 to d = 0.82) and large effect sizes for adolescents who were rated in the clinical range on each (sub)scale at the start of treatment (d = 0.85 to d = 1.30). When comparing patients in the clinical range with historical controls, medium to large net effect sizes (d = 0.53 to d = 2.09) emerged for the total scores in self- and parent rating. However, a substantial proportion of the sample remained in the clinical range at the end of treatment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CBT is effective for adolescents with depressive disorders when administered under routine care conditions, but the results must be interpreted with caution due to the lack of a direct control condition.Trial registrationDRKS, DRKS00021518. Registered 27 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://drks.de

scholarly journals On the Front (Phone) Lines: Results of a COVID-19 Hotline in Northeast Ohio

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Margolius ◽  
Mary Hennekes ◽  
Jimmy Yaho ◽  
Douglas Einstadter ◽  
Douglas Gunzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Importance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) have presented immense challenges for health care systems. Many regions have struggled to adapt to disruptions to health care practice and employ systems that effectively manage the demand for services. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the first five weeks of a 24/7 physician-staffed COVID-19 hotline. Design: Cohort study using electronic health records. Setting: A single large health care system in Northeast Ohio. Participants: During 5 weeks of operation, 10,112 patients called the hotline (callers) and were evaluated by a registered nurse (RN) using standardized protocols. Of these, 4,213 (42%) were referred for a physician telehealth visit (telehealth patients). The mean age of callers was 42 years. 67% were female, 51% white, and 46% were on Medicaid or uninsured. Intervention: Physician telehealth visits for COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures: We describe clinical diagnosis, patient characteristics (age, sex race/ethnicity, smoking status, insurance status), and visit disposition. We use logistic regression to evaluate associations between patient characteristics, visit disposition and subsequent emergency department use, hospitalization, and SARS-Cov-2 PCR testing. Results: Common caller concerns included cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Most telehealth patients (79%) were advised to self-isolate at home, 14% were determined to be unlikely to have COVID-19, 3% were advised to seek emergency care, and 4% had miscellaneous other dispositions. A total of 287 (7%) patients had a subsequent ED visit, and 44 (1%) were hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Of the callers, 482 (5%) had a COVID-19 test reported with 69 (14%) testing positive. Among patients advised to stay at home, 83% had no further face-to-face visits. In multivariable results, only a physician recommendation to seek emergency care was associated with emergency room use (OR=4.73, 95%CI 1.37-16.39, p=.014). Only older age was associated with having a positive test result. Conclusions and Relevance: Robust, physician-directed telehealth services can meet a wide range of needs during the acute phase of a pandemic, conserving scarce resources such as personal protective equipment and testing supplies and preventing the spread of infections to patients and health care workers.

The Challenge of Ubiquitous Computing in Health Care: Technology, Concepts and Solutions

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ammenwerth ◽  
B. Brigl ◽  
P. Knaup ◽  
E. Lang ◽  
R. Pilgram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care Technology

Summary Objectives: To review recent research efforts in the field of ubiquitous computing in health care. To identify current research trends and further challenges for medical informatics. Methods: Analysis of the contents of the Yearbook on Medical Informatics 2005 of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). Results: The Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2005 includes 34 original papers selected from 22 peer-reviewed scientific journals related to several distinct research areas: health and clinical management, patient records, health information systems, medical signal processing and biomedical imaging, decision support, knowledge representation and management, education and consumer informatics as well as bioinformatics. A special section on ubiquitous health care systems is devoted to recent developments in the application of ubiquitous computing in health care. Besides additional synoptical reviews of each of the sections the Yearbook includes invited reviews concerning E-Health strategies, primary care informatics and wearable healthcare. Conclusions: Several publications demonstrate the potential of ubiquitous computing to enhance effectiveness of health services delivery and organization.But ubiquitous computing is also a societal challenge, caused by the surrounding but unobtrusive character of this technology. Contributions from nearly all of the established sub-disciplines of medical informatics are demanded to turn the visions of this promising new research field into reality.

An Exploration of the Experiences of Migrant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Jane Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Seeking Safety ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
National Boundaries

Women across the world migrate for a wide range of reasons. Some gravitate to urban centres in their own countries seeking safety, education, health care, and employment opportunities. Others travel across national boundaries seeking reprieve from the atrocities of war and extreme poverty. Migration within countries is on the rise, as people move in response to adverse conditions such as lack of resources, services and education, and employment opportunities. In addition they may want to escape from violence or natural disasters. This movement of people from rural to urban areas has resulted in an explosive growth of cities around the globe. This paper draws on a research case study undertaken with the Kewapi language group in Port Moresby and the Batri Villages of the Southern Highlands in Papua New Guinea. It seeks to highlight the perspectives of women traveling vast distances from their home communities in order to seek education and health care. It explores the implications for developing effective service user focused health care systems designed to meet the needs of mobile and vulnerable women. The study suggests that if women and their families from remote rural communities are encouraged and facilitated in participating in health promoting initiatives they can dramatically improve their life and health experiences and that of their community.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Andreas Frech ◽  
Juergen Falkensammer ◽  
Gustav Fraedrich ◽  
Michael Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Related Mortality

Abdominal aortic aneurysms represent both an individual risk of mortality and a socioeconomic burden for health care systems worldwide, but screening is not performed in all countries. Here, the authors summarize the pros and cons of screening to reduce abdominal aortic aneurysm–related mortality.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of usual-care cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with depressive disorders rated by parents and patients – an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Walter ◽  
Jana Buschsieweke ◽  
Lydia Dachs ◽  
Hildegard Goletz ◽  
Anja Goertz-Dorten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Link Type ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Depressive disorders are common in adolescence and are associated with a wide range of negative long-term outcomes. Highly controlled randomized controlled trials (RCT) provide considerable evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression, but studies examining the effectiveness of CBT in clinical settings are very rare . Methods In the present observational study, the changes achieved through routine CBT in adolescents with depressive disorders treated in a clinical setting in terms of a university outpatient clinic were analyzed, and compared to a historical control group of adolescents with depressive disorders who had received treatment as usual. At the start and end of treatment (pre- and post-assessment), parent and self-ratings of the German versions of the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and rating scales for depressive symptoms (FBB-DES, SBB-DES) were assessed. A total of 331 adolescents aged 11–18 years with complete data were assessed for the main analysis. Results The analysis yielded small to large pre-post effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for the total sample (d = 0.33 to d = 0.82) and large effect sizes for adolescents who were rated in the clinical range on each (sub) scale at the start of treatment (d = 0.85 to d = 1.30). When comparing patients in the clinical range with historical controls, medium to large net effect sizes (d = 0.53 to d = 2.09) emerged for the total scores in self- and parent rating. However, a substantial proportion of the sample remained in the clinical range at the end of treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that CBT is effective for adolescents with depressive disorders when administered under routine care conditions, but the results must be interpreted with caution due to the lack of a direct control condition. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00021518. Registered 27 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://drks.de

Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving for Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Wide Range

This edited, multi-authored text brings together all that is known about Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS), a group treatment program for outpatients with borderline personality disorder. The book describes the program, the evidence that is supportive of STEPPS, and its implementation in a variety of settings and countries. Created at the University of Iowa in 1995, STEPPS combines cognitive-behavioral therapy, skills training, and psychoeducation with a systems component for family, friends, and significant others. The 5-month-long program is easily learned and delivered by therapists from a wide range of theoretical orientations. Data show that STEPPS is effective and produces clinically important improvement. The program is well accepted by patients and therapists. STEPPS is listed in the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) National Registry of Evidence-based Practices (NREPP). The program is embraced by the health care systems in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands and is used in correctional settings.

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