Conceptualization of psychosis in psychiatric nosology
The definition of psychotic spectrum disorders such as schizophrenia has evolved with changing nosology and scientific advancements over the last 200 years. Understanding both the historical evolution of the concept and recent changes reflected in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) Research Domain Criteria (RDOC) framework is critical for informing current efforts to further update and refine the nosology of psychotic spectrum disorders. This chapter offers an overview of past classification schemes, current standards, and novel approaches to further improve the validity of these definitions through use of biomarkers, reverse nosologies, and digital phenotyping tools like smartphones and sensors.