Integrated system of approach for the control of ixodid ticks in the western region of Ukraine

VETERINARY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND NATURE MANAGEMENT ◽

10.31890/vttp.2020.06.08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

V. A. Levytska ◽

Keyword(s):

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Average Density ◽

Integrated System ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Western Region ◽

Entire Study ◽

Tick Activity ◽

Spring Peak ◽

The Western Region ◽

Mechanical Cleaning

For the control of ixodid ticks it is necessary to develop an integrated system of approach that provide a scientific and practical component. The integrated method is the most effective way to control arthropods. The research was conducted during 2018-2020 in the western region of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi, Vinnytsia regions). Based on data obtained in previous studies, as well as on the study of factors such as ticks species (Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus), environmental conditions and the possibility of certain measures in this region, an integrated system of measures to regulate the number of ixodid ticks in Western Ukraine were developed. In each region, two experimental private farms and one control farm were selected; the territory of the farms was about 20,000 m2. During the entire study period, 379 D. reticulatus ticks and 165 I. ricinus ticks were collected in all areas. In 2019, farms that were located at a distance of 1-1.5 km from swamps, lowlands and shrubs in open, dry, sunny areas showed the lowest frequency of ticks on animals. So, in May 2019, on average, in experimental farms on dogs, 9, 7 and 11 ticks were found on one animal in the Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi and Vinnitsa regions, respectively. During acarological examination of farms in the Khmelnytsky region, the average density of ticks was 8, in Chernivtsi - 5, in Vinnitsa - 7 ticks / 1000 m2 in the spring peak of tick activity. In addition, taking into account the seasonal dynamics of ticks activity during 2018, mechanical cleaning of the territory and acaricidal treatments of vegetation were carried out from autumn 2019 to autumn 2020 - in spring (March, May) and autumn (September). According to the results of our research, the use of acaricidal treatments provided a decrease in the number of ticks populations by 50-90 % within 6-8 weeks. When collecting ticks for the flag in experimental plots of the Khmelnytsky region in 2020, the average density of ticks was 4, Chernivtsi - 2, Vinnitsa - 1 tick / 1000 m2 in the spring peak of tick activity. We also found that during the complex acaricidal treatment of the territory and the use of drops or sprays based on fipronil in 2020, half as many ticks were found on dogs than in 2019, which averaged 4 ticks in the Khmelnytsky region, in Chernivtsi - 3 and 5 ticks in the Vinnytsia region. In addition, it was found that mechanical cleaning of the area also helped to reduce the attractiveness of the area for small mammals.

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ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF SOLAR LIGHT OF THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE WITH THE ACCOUNT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

EUREKA Physics and Engineering ◽

10.21303/2461-4262.2017.00398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir Andreychuk ◽

Yaroslav Filyuk

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Flux Density ◽

Average Density ◽

Electrical Circuit ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Western Region ◽

Energy Potential ◽

The Western Region

An experimental facility for measuring and recording the flux density of solar radiation is designed and installed. An electrical circuit is developed and a pyranometer model is developed to measure the level of solar radiation, and it is graduated with a Soler Power Meter DT-1307 solar radiation flux meter. The time distribution of the flux density of solar energy is analyzed and the surface energy density of solar radiation is calculated for Ternopil. The influence of climatic conditions on the energy of solar radiation is determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained on the basis of comparison of the measured values of the flux density of solar radiation and the cloud cover taken from meteorological services. The energy potential of solar radiation during 2012-2015 in the western region of Ukraine is calculated, as well as the average monthly and average annual energy density of solar radiation. It is determined that the annual average density of the solar energy flux is 1045.9 kW∙h/m2, and its deviation does not exceed 5%. It is shown that the most favorable months for the use of solar energy are from March to September of each year.

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Occurrence of juvenile Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in three regions in Poland: the final evidence of the conquest

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-05039-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek ◽

Ewa Julia Mierzejewska ◽

Anna Bajer

Keyword(s):

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Tick Species ◽

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Tick Population ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽

Fallow Lands ◽

The Western Region ◽

June July

Abstract Background Two populations of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (Western and Eastern) in Poland are among the most dynamic tick populations in Central Europe. Expansion and settlement of ticks in new localizations depend on the presence of suitable hosts, for both adult and juvenile ticks. Methods The current study was planned to complement our previous studies on questing adult ticks and was focused on a collection of juvenile D. reticulatus ticks from rodents from three regions in Poland, defined by the presence/absence of adult ticks (regions of the Western and Eastern tick population and the gap area between them) to confirm the existence of stable populations. Rodent trapping was conducted in open habitats (fallow lands, wasteland and submerged meadows) in 2016–2018 in June, July and/or August to encompass seasonal peaks of larvae and nymph activity. Results Altogether, three tick species were collected, 2866 D. reticulatus, 2141 Ixodes ricinus and 427 Haemaphysalis concinna. Dermacentor reticulatus was the most common (72.3%) and abundant (mean 17.94 ± 2.62 ticks/rodent) tick species on rodents from the Eastern region; in the Western region infestation of rodents was only 6.8%. Ixodes ricinus was found in all three regions and was the only tick species collected from rodents from the gap area. Haemaphysalis concinna was noted only in the Western region. The highest infestation of juvenile D. reticulatus was recorded on voles (Myodes and Microtus spp.), infestation of I. ricinus was the highest on Apodemus mice, and the majority of H. concinna ticks were collected from root voles Alexandromys oeconomus. Conclusions Our study confirmed a stable population of D. reticulatus in Eastern and Central Poland and a lower prevalence and mean abundance of this tick species among rodents from the Western region. A lack of juvenile D. reticulatus on rodents in Niewiadów confirmed the existence of the gap area, free of D. reticulatus ticks. Graphical abstract

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Prevalence and monitoring of ixodid ticks in the western region of Ukraine

Scientific Horizons ◽

10.48077/scihor.23(9).2020.38-45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Viktoriya Levytska ◽

Andrii Mushynskyi ◽

Andrii Berezovskyi

Keyword(s):

Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽

Average Density ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Seasonal Activity ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Wooded Area ◽

Western Asia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Two Peaks

Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick in Europe, distributed almost throughout the continent, except the northern regions. Dermacentor reticulatus is a widespread species of tick in Europe and Western Asia. The study included monitoring the distribution density and seasonal activity of ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus in the natural environment during 2018-2019. A total of 1592 D. reticulatus ticks and 712 I. ricinus ticks were collected in Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv oblasts. There was a tendency to increasing of the number of ticks of both species in 2019 compared to 2018. The largest number of ticks was collected in autumn 2019, during the autumn peak of activity, which amounted to 710 adult ticks. Thus, the average density of ticks of both species collected in the Ternopil region was 40 ticks/1000 m2, in Ivano-Frankivsk – 32 and 45 in Lviv regions in 2018 and 62, 46 and 63 ticks/1000 m2 in 2019, respectively. In the spring of 2018, almost twice as many adult ticks of D. reticulatus were detected as in the fall in all areas. With regard to I. ricinus ticks, we did not observe a statistically significant difference in seasonal activity. In the spring and autumn, two peaks of ticks’ activity were registered in all regions and the average number of ticks in the spring in the meadows was 20 ticks/1000 m2, and on the wooded area – 39 ticks/1000 m2, and in autumn – 17 and 41 ticks/ 1000 m2 respectively. During both years and in all three oblasts, females prevailed over males during all the period. Although the density of ticks of both species in all areas was quite high, but the ticks were unevenly distributed. The largest number of D. reticulatus ticks was found in the Lviv region in 2019, which ranged from 46 to 119 ticks/1000 m2. Low and medium density of adult ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus, from 11 to 77 ticks/1000 m2 was observed in Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2018. Throughout the study period, the seasonal activity of D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks was significantly affected by air temperature, which fluctuated during collection of ticks.

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