scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis of 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol Uv filter mediated by immobilized-lipase and nanoparticle formation on N-succinylchitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindy Escobar ◽  
Claudia Bernal ◽  
Monica Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Uv Filter ◽  
Ionotropic Gelation ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Methoxycinnamic Acid

The synthesis of 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol takes advantage of the biodiesel subproduct for obtaining a hydrophilic UV cinnamate derivate filter, useful in sunscreen formulations. The objective here was to demonstrate that esterification of 4-methoxycinnamic acid and glycerol mediated by immobilized-lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus is selective towards 4-methoxycinnamoylglycerol monoester UV filter, whose chemical characteristics favor the nanoparticles formation by ionotropic gelation on N-Succinyl chitosan. A cinnamic acid conversion ~34% in hexane is higher than in other reports, without the presence of other sub-products or degradation products. This eases the purification process by liquid-liquid extraction. The free glyceryl entities favour its incorporation on N-Succinyl chitosan nanoparticles with size around 185±77nm, which are promissory for sunblock products.

Liquid Chromatographic Method Development for Quantification of Inorganic Nitrite and Nitrate Impurities from Nitroglycerin Drug Substance by Using Ion-Pair Reagents with Liquid–Liquid Extraction Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Pritesh R Desai ◽  
Priti J Mehta ◽  
Avani B Chokshi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Abstract A large number of laboratory studies have reported Nitrite (NO2−) and Nitrate (NO3−) to be among the most common degradation products of the high-explosive Nitroglycerin drug substance. A novel, simple, robust and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for quantification of inorganic Nitrite and Nitrate impurities from Nitroglycerin drug substance. Successful separation was achieved in isocratic elution, using Inertsil C8-3, (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) column, with mobile phase consisting of pH 7.0 tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate buffer, methanol and acetonitrile (96:02:02, v/v/v). Flow rate was monitored at 2.0 mL min−1 and ultraviolet detection at 220 nm. The present work describes the role of an ion-pair reagent in the separation of polar compounds and liquid–liquid extraction technique for separation of polar and non-polar compounds. Nitroglycerin was subjected to various stress conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating power of the method. The performance of the method was validated as per present International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness. The developed method can be a valuable alternative to the current ion-exchange chromatographic method mentioned in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, a rapid Liquid Chromatography (LC) method, which separates inorganic Nitrite and Nitrate impurities of Nitroglycerin, disclosed in this investigation was not published elsewhere.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF SOME PRIORITY SUBSTANCES ON ADRIATIC SEA, ALBANIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Nuro ◽  
◽  
Bledar Murtaj ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Main River ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Almost All

This study evaluated levels for organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, Heptachlors, Aldrins and Endosulfanes), their residues, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water samples of Adriatic Sea, Albanian part. Water stations were chosen near the main river estuaries of Albania (Vjosa, Semani, Shkumbini, Erzeni, Mati and Buna rivers). These rivers have catchment areas that cover almost all Albania. First, agricultural, industrial and urban waste is transported in these rivers and after that they finished in Adriatic Sea. Water samples were analyzed for a five-year period from February 2015 to December 2019. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to isolate chlorinated pollutants and a florisil column was used for clean-up procedure. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides (according to Method EPA 8081B) and 7 PCB markers was realized using GC/ECD and RTX-5 capillary column. The PAHs were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction technique and after sample concentration qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by the GC/FID technique. Organochlorine pollutants were detected for all stations of Adriatic Sea because of new arrivals by agricultural and industrial activity in river basins. The highest levels were found near Shkumbini and Semani estuaries due to impact Myzeqeja agricultural area. New arrivals from water irrigation and rainfall influence in found levels. Degradation products of pesticides and volatile PCBs were found at higher levels for all samples analyzed. The levels of some individual organochlorine pesticides were higher than EU and Albanian norms for Semani and Shkumbini rivers. Also, PAHs were found at higher levels for Semani River because of extracting-processing industry in Patos-Marinza area. Monitoring of organic pollutants in water of Adriatic Sea should be continuous because of its importance in fishing, tourism, recreation and Albania economy overall.

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