STANDARISASI NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KECAPI (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELUWIH (Artocarpus communis)

ABSTRACT The chemicals contained in an extract must be maintained its quality. The aim of this study is to prove both that the ethanol extract of kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.) and keluwih (Artocarpus communis) leaves meet the non-specific parameters on the standardization of the extract. The ethanol extract of kecapi and keluwih leaves were extracted using the ultrasonic method. The extract was tested with non-specific parameters including water content, total ash content and metal contamination level. The test results are compared with standard parameter references. Ethanol extract of kecapi leaf have water content of 27.75% ± 1.708, total ash content of 4.856% ± 0.040 and levels of As metal contamination < 0.030 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.002 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.400 mg/Kg, while ethanol extract of keluwih leaf have water content of 23.206 ± 0.091%, total ash content of 9,678 ± 0.306% and levels of heavy metal contamination of As < 0.03 mg/Kg, Hg < 0.006 mg/Kg, Pb < 0.02 mg/Kg. The both extract meet the standard parameters of water content, total ash content and levels heavy metal contamination. Key words: kecapi leaves (Sandoricum koetjape, Merr.), keluwih leaves (Artocarpus communis), non-specific standardization

Download Full-text

STANDARISASI PARAMETER NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L.) DI DUA TEMPAT TUMBUH

Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ◽

10.31942/inteka.v3i1.2128 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aulia Rahmaniati M ◽

Maria Ulfah ◽

Dewi Andini Kunti Mulangsari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ash Content ◽

Specific Test ◽

Chemical Content

Pegagan leaf (Centella asiatica L.) is one of the potential medicinal plants that are often used for the treatment of analgesics, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotector. Because of the many benefits of leaf pegagan it is necessary to standardize the extracts to ensure the quality associated with the substance of identity, and the composition of the chemical content whose specifications are contained in the monograph as the quality requirements listed in Materia Medika Indonesia.This research is an experimental research. Samples in this study were obtained from Tawangmangu and Kediri then extract using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Standardization of non-specific parameters of ethanol extract of bay leaf includes determination of moisture content, total ash content, acid unsaturated ash content, drying shrinkage, specific gravity and heavy metal contamination (Pb, As and Hg). The data of the research results are compared with the standard that has been set in the book of Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the Book of Standardization of Natural Medicinal Material.The result of non-specific test of extract ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf from Tawangmangu obtained by water content 4,689% ± 2,165%, total ash content 3,12% ± 1,76%, acid soluble ash content 0,97% ± 0,87%, weight Type of 1.631 g / mL ± 1.277 g / mL, shrinkage dried 11.26% ± 3.355% and heavy metal contaminants 0.27 ± 0.519 mg / kg extract, As ˂0.005 μg / mL, Hg <0.001 mg / kg extract. While the result of ethanol extract of pegagan leaf from Kediri is moisture content 6,197% ± 2,489%, total ash content 4,42% ± 2,10%, ash acid unsaturated level 0,97% ± 0,98%, weight of type 1,630 g / ML ± 1,275 g / mL, shrinkage rate 3,51% ± 1,873% and heavy metal contamination Pb 0,30 ± 0,547 mg / kg extract, As ˂0,005 μg / mL, Hg 0,001 mg / kg extract. Based on these results both extracts have met the standard of non-specific parameters but the parameter content of acid soluble ash content of ethanol extract of pegagan leaf from both Tawangmangu and Kediri and drying dried from Tawangmangu does not meet the standard requirements of non-specific parameters. Keywords: ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf, non specific parameter, Standardization.

Download Full-text

Proteomics Study on Heavy Metal Contaminated Bellamya aeruginosas in Poyang Lake

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.299 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 299-302

Author(s):

Xiao Juan Zhu ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Jiang Hua Li

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Poyang Lake ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Lake Area ◽

Proteomics Study ◽

Contaminated Area

Heavy metal contamination to Poyang Lake is increasingly severe. Bellamya aeruginosas, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake, was chosen in this project to carry out a proteomics study, because they obtain nutrients from sediments directly and have a strong heavy metal enrichment capability. To get a better knowledge of the contamination level of Poyang Lake and a better understanding of toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals contamination, the main heavy metals of surface sediments were tested and a proteomics study was carried out on bellamya aeruginosa, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake. Results of heavy metal tests show, to Poyang Lake, the most contaminated heavy metal is Cu, the widest contaminated heavy metal is Pb, the most contaminated area is the south lake area, and the least contaminated area is the entrance of Xioushui River. Proteomics analysis shows the main significantly different proteins are keratins or similar substances. These proteins are higher expressed in the samples obtained from the most contaminated area, so they could be the responding biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal contamination of surface sediment in Poyang Lake.

Download Full-text

The Amount of Selected Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments and Fish Species from the Rupsha River, Khulna, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2020/v6i230091 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Md. Matiar Rahman ◽

Md. Mahedi Hassan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Fish Species ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Aquatic Life

The present study was conducted to figure out the heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations in water, sediments and fish species from the Rupsha River, Khulna, Bangladesh to spot the heavy metal contamination level. Heavy metals are dangerous because they're non-biodegradable and having an extended half-life period. The heavy metal contamination could also be an excellent concern, especially for aquatic life. The metal concentration within the water sample from the Rupsha River was significantly above the rule values of WHO and USEPA respectively. Moreover, the concentration of metal within the sediments was also greater than the respective probable effect concentrations of the sediment quality guidelines. Furthermore, consistent with the fish standards, these studied fish species weren't found to be contaminated by heavy metals. It’s concluded that each of the heavy metals from the whole sample didn't exceed the standard maximum level. This study demonstrated that water of Rupsha River isn't safe for aquatic organisms also like humans in terms of Pb, Cd and Cr contents as accumulated through consumption.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Ethanol Extract from Agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) Leaf

Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jji.v3i2.56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 68-74

Author(s):

Beny Rahmanto ◽

Wawan Halwany ◽

Fajar Lestari ◽

Khoerul Anwar ◽

Liling Triyasmono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organoleptic Properties ◽

Specific Parameter ◽

Contamination Levels

The aim of this research is to determine the specific and non-specific parameter from ethanolic extract of A. microcarpa. Specific parameters such as the organoleptic properties, content of water and ethanol soluble compound, and chhromatogram profile of the extract. In contrast, the non-specific parameter includes drying losses, ash levels, microbiological contamination levels, and heavy metal contamination levels. The results showed that the organoleptic properties of ethanolic extract of A. microcarpa was thick, blackish brown color, bitter taste and have distinctive odor. The average content of water-soluble compounds of 66.93%, ethanol-soluble of 47.97%, and chromatogram profile with Rf 0.636. The non-specific parameters results were drying losses of 5.50%, total ash content of 3.73%, acid-insoluble ash of 2.13%, microbial contamination testing results of 1.2x102-5.5x103 colonies/g, and total mold/ yeast contaminants of 10-100 colonies/g. Heavy metal contamination Pb levels and Cd levels were 5.47 mg/kg and 0.19 mg/kg respectively. These studies suggested that the observed specific and non-specific parameters may be helpful for establishing pharmacopoeia standards of A. microcarpa and to ensure uniformity of extract effect.

Download Full-text

UJI MUTU DAN KEAMANAN PANGAN SATE POKEA (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) YANG DI PASARKAN DI OBJEK WISATA PANTAI TORONIPA KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA

Jurnal Fish Protech ◽

10.33772/jfp.v3i2.15448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Iin Caroline Arpin ◽

Kobajashi Togo Isamu ◽

Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Content ◽

Research Method ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Test Results ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Representative Sampling ◽

Beach Tourism ◽

Chemical Content

ABSTRACT Pokea is endemic animals originating from the Southeast Sulawesi region. Pokea meat processing is generally made into satay. This study aims to determine the chemical content and heavy metal of pokea satay which is sold in the Toronipa Beach Tourism Object, Southeast Sulawesi. The research method will be conducted in the form of representative sampling from satay pokea traders accompanied by interviews related to the processing of satay pokea, measurement of water content, protein, fat, ash, Fe, and Pb content. Based on the test results, it showed that the chemical content and heavy metal of satay pokea varied. The highest water content is 43.33%, the highest ash content is 19.17%, the highest fat content is 39.36%, The highest content of water, ash, fat, protein, Fe and Pb are 43.33%, 19.17%, 39.36%, 66.04%, 6.00 ppm and <0, 01 ppm respectively. Keywords: Fe, Heavy, Satay pokea, PbABSTRAKKerang pokea adalah hewan endemik yang berasal dari daerah Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengolahan kerang pokea umumnya dibuat menjadi sate kerang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dan kandungan logam berat sate kerang pokea yang dijual di daerah Objek Wisata Pantai Toronipa, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode penelitian yang akan dilakukan berupa pengambilan sampel representatif dari pedagang sate pokea disertai wawancara terkait pengolahan sate pokea, pengukuran kadar air, protein, kadar lemak, kadar abu, kadar Fe dan Pb. Berdasarkan hasil uji, menunjukkan bahwa kandungan kimia dan logam berat sate pokea bervariasi. Kadar air tertinggi yaitu sebesar 43,33%, kadar abu tertinggi yaitu 19,17%, kadar lemak tertinggi 39,36%, kadar protein tertinggi 66,04%, kadar Fe tertinggi 6,00 ppm dan kadar Pb untuk setiap sampel < 0,01 ppm.Kata kunci: logam berat, logam Fe, logam Pb, Pantai Toronipa, sate pokea

Download Full-text