Gelatin Extraction and Characterization from Femur Bones of Bovine and Porcine with Acid Process

Gelatin has been widely used as an additive in food industry pharmaceutical, and cosmetic. The similar physical appearance between bovine and porcine gelatin causes an issue for some communities like a Muslim due to awareness of halal food. This study aims to produce gelatin from femur bones of bovines with acid hydrolysis and their characteristics compared to standard gelatin of bovine and porcine. Bovine and porcine bones were soaked in 5% HCl for 10 days and every 2 days a HCl solution was replaced to get ossein. Ossein is hydrolyzed by gradual heating at 65, 75, and 85oC. Gelatin confirmed by the physico-chemical characters, FT-IR and analysis amino acid with HPLC.The results showed that the yield of bovine gelatin was 4.33%. The physico-chemical characters of bovine gelatin resulting from isolation and bovine gelatin standards are in conformity with porcine gelatin standards and meet the requirements of SNI 06-3735-1995 and GMIA. Therefore, bovine gelatin is specifically capable of substituting porcine gelatin for application in the pharmaceutical field. The FTIR spectrum of bovine gelatin shows the presence of amide A, amide I, amide II and amide III groups. The amino acid characters of gelatin were identified as glycine (13.57%) and proline (1.62%) for bovine gelatin and glycine (0.51%) and proline (0.09%) for porcine gelatin.

Editorial

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayahNya, Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 6 No 1 tahun 2021 dapat diterbitkan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia merupakan media untuk diseminasi hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan jamu di Indonesia. Jamu telah dikenal lama penduduk Indonesia sebagai salah satu pengobatan. Berbagai tanaman di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai jamu. Penelitian tanaman obat dari bagian daun, batang, dan rimpang tanaman telah banyak dilakukan dan terus berkembang. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia pada Volume 6 No 1 Tahun 2021 terdiri atas 5 naskah yang termasuk ke dalam original artikel. Artikel pertama terkait aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dan skrining fitokimia dari fraksi etil asetat batang manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne). Artikel ke-dua mengkaji tinjauan etnomedisin oleh peramu jamu Jawa di Yogyakarta pada jamu kunir asam. Artikel ke-tiga terkait dengan pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap produktivitas piperin dari buah cabe jawa dan lada hitam. Artikel ke-empat melakukan kajian tentang penapisan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan terhadap hasil perasan lengkuas merah dan lengkuas putih. Preparasi gelatin sapi berbasis tulang femur untuk aplikasi cangkang kapsul obat herbal melalui hidrolisis asam dan karakterisasinya merupakan artikel ke-lima. Redaksi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh penulis atas partisipasinya dalam berbagi hasil penelitiannya melalui publikasi di Jurnal Jamu Indonesia. Redaksi juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh reviewer atas partisipasinya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tulisan naskah jurnal di edisi ini. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Kontribusi publikasi peneliti-peneliti dan pejuang Jamu Indonesia terus kami harapkan untuk dapat disampaikan di dalam Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ini. Peningkatan kontribusi jumlah dan kualitas tulisan yang telah dan akan dimasukkan akan dapat membantu pengembangan jurnal ini, dan pada saatnya diharapkan juga dapat menjadikan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia menjadi referensi baik secara nasional, maupun internasional.Maret 2021Waras NurcholisWakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi

Piperine Levels in Java Chili and Black Fruits Extracts from Regions with Different Altitude

Piper retrofractum Vahl. (java chili or cabe jawa) and Piper nigrum L. (black pepper or lada hitam) are parts of the Piperaceae. One of the chemical constituents found in the fruit of the two plants is piperine, which has properties as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer etc. This study aims to determine the piperine levels contained in 95% ethanol extract of java chili and black pepper fruits from regions with different altitude using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Each sample were extracted by maceration method using 95% ethanol. Qualitative identification of piperine was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Determination of piperine levels was carried out with UV-Visible spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of 253.8 nm. The results showed that the levels of piperine contained in the 95% ethanol extract of java chili fruit from low altitude (Lampung), medium altitude (Madura) and high altitude (Bogor) are 1.54±0.02%; 1.44±0.02%; and 1.41±0.02% (w/v), respectively. Whereas the levels of piperine contained in the 95% ethanol extract of black pepper fruit from low altitude (East Luwu), medium altitude (Central Lampung) and high altitude (Bogor) are 5.63±0.14%; 5.38±0.05%; and 4.87±0.09% (w/v), respectively.

Red and White Galangal Puree Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemistry Screening

Antioxidant prevents oxidative stress. One of the antioxidant sources is plant. Red and white galangal are herbal plants that are easy to grow and they may have antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to compare antioxidant activity and phytochemistry screening of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum) and white galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.). The method of this study used was the DPPH method and qualitative analysis. The results of this study showed that the value of antioxidant activity of red galangal was significantly higher than white galangal (p<0.05). The results of phytochemistry screening showed that red galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. While white galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and triterpenoids. It is can be concluded that red galangal is more effective than white galangal.

Jamu Kunir Asem: Ethnomedicine Overview by Javanese Herbal Medicine Formers in Yogyakarta

Kunir asem is one of the traditional drinks that still survive in Javanese society. The young generation needs to be introduced to the heritage of traditional herbal medicine, so that its existence is maintained. Some people judge that herbal medicine is an ancient traditional drink and does not keep up with the times. The objectives of this study are: (1) Explain the study of etnobotany which make up turmeric acid; (2) Explain how the principle of the benefits of kunir asem is based on the understanding of the seller of herbs in the Province of Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative method. The research data was taken with documentation, interviews, and documentation. The research data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that biopharmaca plants in kunir asem are turmeric and tamarind, and some are added spices in the form of brown sugar, lemongrass, cardamom, cloves, kedawung, lime, and cinnamon. Herb sellers reveal that kunir asem can promote haids, facilitate digestion, reduce stomach acid, as an antibiotic, fresh body, and eliminate acne.

Heme Polymerization Inhibitory Activity And Phytochemical Screening Of Ethyl Acetate Fraction In Manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne) Stem

The native Indonesian plant that is empirically used as an antimalarial agent is manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne). This study aims to determine chemical compound and heme polymerization inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem based on IC50 value. The method identification of chemical compound used tube test, and the method of heme polymerization inhibitory activity was Basilico through in vitro method. The results of chemical compound identification of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and anthraquinones. The average percentages of heme polymerization inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem from concentration 20; 10; 5; 2.5; 1.25; 0.625; 0.3125 mg / mL were 98.507; 97,872; 96,407; 93,560; 88,419; 80,680; and 45.467%.The averages of IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction and chloroquine diphosphate were 0.24 ± 0.018 mg/mL and 0.214 ± 0.012 mg/mL. This shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem has heme polymerization inhibitory activity. The result of the independent sample t-Test obtained the significance value of 0.111 (p more than 0.05) that there was no significant difference. It means that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem has heme polymerization inhibitory activity as well as chloroquine diphosphate. This suggests the potentiation of the methyl acetate fraction of the stem C. Tomentosa as anti-malarial.

Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced. Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.

Profile of Micro, Small, and Medium Industrial Herbal Medicine Products in Sukoharjo Regency

Sukoharjo is one of the districts in Central Java that has a large number of herbal medicine entrepreneurs, including many small and medium industries. This small and medium industry needs to improve the quality of product safety. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the profile of small and medium industry herbal medicine products in Sukoharjo Regency. A total of 6 types of products (candy (1), mixture (3), extract (1), and tea (1)) were collected and the uniform weights, water content, organoleptic, hazardous metal content and microbiological safety were determined. The results showed that the product had fulfilled the water content, lead, cadmium, and arsenic content, and fulfilled the requirements of total plate count (TPC), coliform, and yeast mold. Product quality still needs to be improved in terms of uniformity of weight and packaging labels. The conclusion of this research is the profile of small and medium industry products in Sukoharjo Regency has met safety requirements but needs to be improved in quality.

Effect of Seaweed Ethanol Extract on Cholesterol Levels and Obesity in White Rats

Seaweed (EucheumaCottonii J. Agardh) is one of the biological resources found in coastal and marine areas. Seaweed contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and tannins which can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the effect of seaweed ethanol extract on reducing cholesterol and obesity levels by comparing plasma cholesterol levels, body weight, and weight of vital organs (liver, kidneys and jantumg) of obese rats, mice given seaweed ethanol extract with normal mice . Rats were grouped randomly into 6 groups. group one was given 0.5% CMC Na, group two was given high fat diet food, group three was given simvastatin, group four was given seaweed ethanol extract 100 mg / kgbb, group five was given ethanol extract of seaweed 200 mg / kgbb and group six was given ethanol extract of seaweed 300 mg / kg with a long suspension of extract for 14 days. Measurement of cholesterol levels in the blood using the CHOD-PAP method, body weight and organs carried out by weighing. The results showed that seaweed ethanol extract has the effect of inhibiting an increase in plasma cholesterol levels and has anti-obesity potential at a dose of 300 mg / kgbb.

RETRACTION NOTICE TO: Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Sebagai Agen Anti-Katarak

​Artikel dengan judul Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Sebagai Agen Anti-Katarak telah dilakukan pencabutan dari Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017), pada tautan daring http://jamu.journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JJI/article/view/28.Pencabutan artikel dilakukan karena permintaan author.Pemberitahuan pencabutan dari artikel tersebut dapat ditemukan pada http://jamu.journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JJI/article/view/225.