Water Vapor Radiative Effects On Spain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Vaquero-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radiative Effects

scholarly journals Maintenance of polar stratospheric clouds in a moist stratosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Kirk-Davidoff ◽  
J.-F. Lamarque
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. Previous work has shown that polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) could have acted to substantially warm high latitude regions during past warm climates such as the Eocene (55 Ma). Using a simple model of stratospheric water vapor transport and polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation, we investigate the dependence of PSC optical depth on tropopause temperature, cloud microphysical parameters, stratospheric overturning, and tropospheric methane. We show that PSC radiative effects can help slow removal of water from the stratosphere via self-heating. However, we also show that the ability of PSCs to have a substantial impact on climate depends strongly on the PSC particle number density and the strength of the overturning circulation. Thus even a large source of stratospheric water vapor (e.g. from methane oxidation) will not result in substantial PSC radiative effects unless PSC ice crystal number density is high compared to most current observations, and stratospheric overturning (which modulates polar stratospheric temperatures) is low. These results are supported by analysis of a series of runs of the NCAR WACCM model with methane concentrations varying up to one thousand times present levels.

Atmospheric water vapor radiative effects on shortwave radiation under clear skies: A global spatiotemporal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 105418
Author(s):  
Vasileios Salamalikis ◽  
Ioannis Vamvakas ◽  
Christian A. Gueymard ◽  
Andreas Kazantzidis
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Radiative Effects

scholarly journals Radiative effects of absorbing aerosols and the impact of water vapor

2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (D10) ◽  
pp. 12221-12234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlinde J. Kay ◽  
Michael Box
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Absorbing Aerosols ◽  
The Impact

AMSU-B Observations of Mixed-Phase Clouds over Land

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Deeter ◽  
J. Vivekanandan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Water Path ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Mixed Phase Clouds

Abstract Measurements from passive microwave satellite instruments such as the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSU-B) are sensitive to both liquid and ice cloud particles. Radiative transfer modeling is exploited to simulate the response of the AMSU-B instrument to mixed-phase clouds over land. The plane-parallel radiative transfer model employed for the study accounts for scattering and absorption from cloud ice as well as absorption and emission from trace gases and cloud liquid. The radiative effects of mixed-phase clouds on AMSU-B window channels (i.e., 89 and 150 GHz) and water vapor line channels (i.e., 183 ± 1, 3, and 7 GHz) are studied. Sensitivities to noncloud parameters, including surface temperature, surface emissivity, and atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles, are also quantified. Modeling results indicate that both cloud phases generally have significant radiative effects and that the 150- and 183 ± 7-GHz channels are typically the most sensitive channels to integrated cloud properties (i.e., liquid water path and ice water path). However, results also indicate that AMSU-B measurements alone are probably insufficient for retrieving all mixed-phase cloud properties of interest. These results are supported by comparisons of AMSU-B observations of a mixed-phase cloud over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) site with corresponding calculated clear-sky values.

Water vapor radiative effects on short-wave radiation in Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Vaquero-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Antón ◽  
José Pablo Ortiz de Galisteo ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
Victoria E. Cachorro
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Short Wave Radiation

scholarly journals Radiative Effects of Clouds and Water Vapor on an Axisymmetric Monsoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 8789-8811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Byrne ◽  
Laure Zanna
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Cloud Radiative Effects ◽  
Cloud Effect ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractMonsoons are summertime circulations shaping climates and societies across the tropics and subtropics. Here the radiative effects controlling an axisymmetric monsoon and its response to climate change are investigated using aquaplanet simulations. The influences of clouds, water vapor, and CO2 on the axisymmetric monsoon are decomposed using the radiation-locking technique. Seasonal variations in clouds and water vapor strongly modulate the axisymmetric monsoon, reducing net precipitation by approximately half. Warming and moistening of the axisymmetric monsoon by seasonal longwave cloud and water vapor effects are counteracted by a strong shortwave cloud effect. The shortwave cloud effect also expedites onset of the axisymmetric monsoon by approximately two weeks, whereas longwave cloud and water vapor effects delay onset. A conceptual model relates the timing of monsoon onset to the efficiency of surface cooling. In climate change simulations CO2 forcing and the water vapor feedback have similar influences on the axisymmetric monsoon, warming the surface and moistening the region. In contrast, clouds have a negligible effect on surface temperature yet dominate the monsoon circulation response. A new perspective for understanding how cloud radiative effects shape the monsoon circulation response to climate change is introduced. The radiation-locking simulations and analyses advance understanding of how radiative processes influence an axisymmetric monsoon, and establish a framework for interpreting monsoon–radiation coupling in observations, in state-of-the-art models, and in different climate states.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Vapor Radiative Effects Using GPS Data Series over Southwestern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Vaquero-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Antón ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
Victoria E. Cachorro
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spectral Ranges

Water vapor radiative effects (WVRE) at surface in the long-wave (LW) and short-wave (SW) spectral ranges under cloud and aerosol free conditions are analyzed for seven stations in Spain over the 2007–2015 period. WVRE is calculated as the difference between the net flux obtained by two radiative transfer simulations; one with water vapor from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and the other one without any water vapor (dry atmosphere). The WVRE in the LW ranges from 107.9 Wm 2 to 296.7 Wm − 2 , while in the SW it goes from − 64.9 Wm − 2 to − 6.0 Wm − 2 . The results show a clear seasonal cycle, which allows the classification of stations in three sub-regions. In general, for total (SW + LW) and LW WVRE, winter (DJF) and spring (MAM) values are lower than summer (JJA) and autumn (SON). However, in the case of SW WVRE, the weaker values are in winter and autumn, and the stronger ones in summer and spring. Positive trends for LW (and total) WVRE may partially explain the well-known increase of surface air temperatures in the study region. Additionally, negative trends for SW WVRE are especially remarkable, since they represent about a quarter of the contribution of aerosols to the strong brightening effect (increase of the SW radiation flux at surface associated with a reduction of the cloud cover and aerosol load) observed since the 2000s in the Iberian Peninsula, but with opposite sign, so it is suggested that water vapor could be partially masking the full magnitude of this brightening.

scholarly journals On the Role of Clouds and Moisture in Tropical Waves: A Two-Dimensional Model Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danče Zurovac-Jevtić ◽  
Sandrine Bony ◽  
Kerry Emanuel
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Atmosphere ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Cloud Radiative Effects

Abstract Observations show that convective perturbations of the tropical atmosphere are associated with substantial variations of clouds and water vapor. Recent studies suggest that these variations may play an active role in the large-scale organization of the tropical atmosphere. The present study investigates that possibility by using a two-dimensional, nonrotating model that includes a set of physical parameterizations carefully evaluated against tropical data. In the absence of cloud–radiation interactions, the model spontaneously generates fast upwind (eastward) moving planetary-scale oscillations through the wind-induced surface heat exchange mechanism. In the presence of cloud–radiative effects, the model generates slower upwind (eastward) propagating modes in addition to small-scale disturbances advected downwind (westward) by the mean flow. Enhanced cloud–radiative effects further slow down upwind propagating waves and make them more prominent in the spectrum. On the other hand, the model suggests that interactions between moisture and convection favor the prominence of moist Kelvin-like waves in tropical variability at the expense of small-scale advective disturbances. These numerical results, consistent with theoretical predictions, suggest that the interaction of water vapor and cloud variations with convection and radiation plays an active role in the large-scale organization of the tropical atmosphere.

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