scholarly journals Heavy cement materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
V. Orlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
High Density ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Grouting Materials

Emphasis is placed on the urgency of the problem of creating cementitious materials and solutions of high density. The analysis of scientific sources in the field of development and research of modified cement materials with high density is carried out. The application of different types of weighting impurities to well cements is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the weighting impurities that are used in the modification of well cements are shown. The technological schemes of the most widespread ways of creation of the weighted cement materials are resulted. The assortment of weighted cement materials manufactured by the Ukrainian industry is analyzed. It is noted that improving the quality of the delineation of rocks and oil and gas horizons in exploration areas and industrial fields during the cementing of high-pressure layers and zones with abnormally high reservoir pressures is possible by the development possible  and application of weighted heat-resistant cements with high technological properties on the basis of ash mixtures, as well as mixtures of standard well Portland cement PTSTI-100 and acidic ash removal of thermal power plants and barite weighing agent. Weighted and heat-resistant grouting materials with high performance properties with the use of industrial anthropogenic products have been developed and investigated. The selection of optimal recipes of new weighted cement materials was carried out. The results of the work have practical application in cementing oil and gas wells in complex mining and geological conditions in exploration areas and industrial hydrocarbon deposits.

scholarly journals Solar Cells: Current State and Development Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Maronchuk ◽  
D. D. Sanikovich ◽  
V. I. Mironchuk
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The paper considers the main trends in the development of the world market of solar photovoltaics over the past few years. It is shown that the industry is a very rapidly evolving one among the branches of renewable energy and modern industries as a whole. It is obvious that the prime cost of the of solar energy being produced is rapidly approaching the price of electricity generated by traditional methods at nuclear power plants and thermal power plants. The aspects of the development of the efficiency of modern research solar cells made of various materials using innovative technological solutions based on the data provided by the National Laboratory for Renewable Energy (NREL, USA) in 2017 are noted. For the convenience of analysis, the research solar cells are divided into four technological groups. The advantages and disadvantages of solar cells, including the specific features of their production and prospects for development are considered separately for each group; the maximum efficiency for the year 2017 is estimated. A possible alternative to the future development of modern high-performance single-transition solar cells is the use of fundamentally new materials based on nanoheteroepitaxial structures with quantum dots. The possibilities of absorption (processing) by such structures of both short-wave radiation and long-wave part of the solar radiation spectrum for the purpose of generation of electric energy by increasing the efficiency of solar cells on their basis have been demonstrated. The optimal materials for their production and the principles of action of high-performance solar cells on their basis have been considered. The prospects of manufacturing nanoheteroepitaxial structures with quantum dots by liquid-phase epitaxy with pulse cooling of the substrate have been substantiated.

scholarly journals DETERMINING THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL FLY ASH PARTICLES IN INFLUENCING THE VARIATION IN THE OVERALL PHYSICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Haider ◽  
Zdenek Bittnar ◽  
Lubomír Kopecky ◽  
Vít Šmilauer ◽  
Jaroslav Pokorny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Individual Particle ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Alumino Silicate ◽  
Individual Particles

The properties of fly ashes vary because of the differences in the properties of their individual particles, and the determination of variation in these properties is of interest to the industries which use pulverized raw fly ash in applications, such as in cementitious materials and in the recovery of certain rare elements from raw fly ash. To investigate the differences in individual particles, four pulverized raw fly ashes from thermal power plants of the Czech Republic were used in this research. It was observed from FE-SEM that all four fly ashes consist of glassy hollow spherical, solid spherical, porous spherical, bright spherical, porous slaggy and compact slaggy particles. Box and whisker diagrams were plotted from the data of EDX individual particle analyses, which showed that the data of percentages for the Si, Al, and Fe elements is more scattered as compared to other elements. It was further observed from ternary phase diagrams and pseudo coloured images, that nature of fly ash particles changes from alumino silicate glassy to alumino silicate calcite metallic to pure ferro-metallic,where glassy particles showed high percentages and pure calcite particles were absent in fly ashes. Furthermore, a comparison between the XRF, the EDX total area analyses, showed that the EDX individual particle analysis gives more realistic and reliable data with median, mean, and the standard deviation for percentages of each element present in the fly ashes.

Utilization of Waste from Thermal Power Plants in High Performance Materials’ Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1011 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Inna Maltseva ◽  
Svetlana Kurilova ◽  
Alexey Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Operational Characteristics

One of the effective ways to solve the environmental problems of the region at present is the waste disposal from Novocherkasskaya TPP, one of the largest sources of environmental pollution. The solution to this problem is associated with the integrated use of ash and slag mixtures components in the effective building materials’ production. On the TPP waste basis, the authors obtained structural and heat-insulating concrete with enhanced physical, mechanical and operational characteristics.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Choosing a Working Fluid

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

Ocean thermal energy plants are thermal power plants that use warm ocean surface water as a source of heat and cold seawater from the deep ocean as a heat sink. A historical perspective along with the development of the technology will be presented. A short description describing the subtle differences between OTEC and fossil and nuclear plants will be presented. Open cycle OTEC and closed cycle OTEC will be described with a focus on the influence of choice of working fluid on the design of a plant. Various working fluids could be selected for use in closed cycle OTEC plants. A review and comparison of potential working fluids will address the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fluids. Their characteristics along with a comparison to water as a working fluid in open cycle OTEC will be explained.

scholarly journals Problems of weld overlay of seating surfaces of pipe fitting and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
S. S. Poloskov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Consumable Electrode ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Pipe Fitting ◽  
Weld Overlay ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction. A problem of providing the necessary functions of pipe fitting for blockage, control, distribution of the working medium flows under the most adverse operating conditions of oil and gas pipelines associated with abrasive particles, mechanical impurities, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and organic acids with sulfate-reducing bacteria, is considered.Materials and Methods. High performance properties of seating surfaces of pipe fittings are provided through anticorrosive plating of alloyed and high-alloyed metals based on iron with the addition of chromium, nickel, cobalt and niobium. The basic weld overlay methods are analyzed: metalarc welding, nonconsumable and consumable-electrode weld facing in shielding gases, submerged arc surfacing. Advantages and disadvantages of surfacing methods implemented in recent years are noted: laser, plasma-powder and plasma-arc methods.Research Results. Taking into account the automation capabilities, a high-tech process of robotic anticorrosive surfacing using a consumable electrode with an additional filler metal feed to the front welding puddle for shielding the thermal effect of the arc, is proposed. Industrial application of the proposed technology requires a set of studies related to assessing the effect of technological parameters on the quality of the deposited layers to provide the required operational characteristics of the fitting.Discussion and Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out the above studies using physical and mathematical modeling of the anticorrosive surfacing, which reduces the time and number of experiments. Therefore, the primary task is to develop a mathematical model of the surfacing process with a consumable electrode with an additional filler wire and transverse vibrations of the welding burner. Such a model should virtually reproduce the surfacing process, as well as its thermal cycle followed by calculating the ratio of the structural components of the deposited metal and the substrate metal. The system of equations of the model should be solved by a special computer program. The algorithm presented for solving this class of problems will allow us to make a sound connection of the technological parameters of the surfacing process and the quality parameters of the formation of the deposited layers, to determine the program for their optimization to provide the required operational properties of pipeline fitting.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL AND GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF HEAT POWER COMPLEXES ON URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
T.V. Kril ◽  
M.G. Demchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Geological Conditions

The impacts of thermal energy plants on the geological environment include the chemical pollution of groundwater and soils, changes in their physical and mechanical properties, and the induction of thermal, vibrational, and electromagnetic fields in the soil bases. The aim of the research is to determine geological hazards in large cities, where thermal powerplants and combined heat and power plants are located. The objects of research were soil foundations, buildings ofthermal power plants of industrial and urban agglomerations of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa. The following hazardous objects have been identified in the thermal power plants located within the settlements: flue-gas stacks (static load, dynamic influences at significant wind loads, impact on the ecological state); cooling towers and cooling pools(leaks, additional soil moisture); engine rooms (static loading and vibration effects from equipment operation); pipelines(leaks, formation of thermal stresses in soils); ash settlers (environmental impact). The positions of heat power plant objects in relation to the functional zones of the city are analyzed. Description of soil bases is given. It is established that the bases of the thermal power plants buildings are mainly dispersed incoherent (sandy) and weakly cohesive (loess-like)soils. Changes in engineering and geological conditions during the operation of the thermal power plants, which can cause dangerous geological processes and provoke emergency situations, have been assessed. Indicators of criteria for identification of geological hazards when assessing risks during the operation of the thermal power plants are proposed on the basis of engineering-geological processes caused by technogenic factors.

scholarly journals FBC utilization prospects in decentralized cogeneration units in Caucasus region countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
George Skodras ◽  
Panayiotis Amarantos ◽  
Emmanuel Kakaras
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Performance Results

Great differences are encountered among Caucasus region countries with respect to energy resources reserves and economic conditions. Thermal power plants consist of obsolete and inefficient units, while the Soviet-type large heating systems in the area collapsed after 1992 and their reconstruction is considered uneconomic. Renovation needs of the power and heat sector, and the potential of Fluidised Bed Combustion implementations in decentralized cogeneration units were investigated, since operating oil and gas power plants exhibit high fuel consumption, low efficiency and poor environmental performance. Results showed significant prospects of Fluidised Bed Combustion utilization in decentralized cogeneration units in the Caucausus region heat and power sector. Their introduction constitutes an economically attractive way to cover power and heat demands and promotes utilization of domestic energy resources in all of three countries, provided that financial difficulties could be confronted.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from High-Density Polyethylene Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Smagulova ◽  
N. Vassilyeva ◽  
B.B. Kaidar ◽  
N. Yesbolov ◽  
N.G. Prikhodko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
High Density ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Turbostratic Carbon ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

This article presents results of carbon nanotubes synthesis from household high-density polyethylene waste by thermal decomposition. A specific feature of this work is that the decomposition of high-density polyethylene waste and synthesis of carbon nanotubes were carried out in one-step using three-zone chemical vapor deposition reactor. The effect of temperature in the range of 450‒550 °C on decomposition products of high-density polyethylene was investigated. The decomposition products of polyethylene wastes were investigated by IR Fourier spectroscopy. Cenospheres obtained from ash and slag waste from thermal power plants during coal combustion were used as a catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. The cenospheres were impregnated with an aqueous solution of iron nitrate. It was found that as a result of thermal decomposition of high-density polyethylene waste at temperature of 450 °C, gaseous carbon-containing compounds are formed, which upon further heating to 800 °C lead to the formation of carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 16‒21 nm on the surface of catalyst. Physicochemical analysis showed that turbostratic carbon is almost completely absent in the formed product. Carbon nanotubes analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Spatial assessment of the distribution and potential of bioenergy resources in Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asima Koshim ◽  
Marat Karatayev ◽  
Michèle L. Clarke ◽  
William Nock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
Bioenergy Generation ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Abstract. Kazakhstan is naturally rich in fossil fuels and its economy is strongly linked to oil and gas exports. Significant coal reserves have led to an energy mix that is dominated by aging and polluting thermal power plants. Yet Kazakhstan comprises mainly grassland steppe where agriculture and livestock pastoralism dominate offering the potential for cleaner, renewable energy production from a range of agricultural and forestry wastes. Here we analyse the spatial distribution and bioenergy generation potential of different feedstocks using an ArcGIS platform and demonstrate a significant opportunity for a range of bioenergy technologies. We recommend a number of policy interventions to enable Kazakhstan to make a transition to cleaner, more accessible and locally generated supply which is also sustainable and provide a waste management solution.

scholarly journals LIGHT CEMENT MIXTURES

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
V. M. Orlovskyi ◽  
A. M. Pokhylko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Thermal Power Stations ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fields ◽  
Well Cement ◽  
Cement Mixtures

Lightweight cement mixtures with high technological properties based on the standard well cement Portland cement ПЦТІ-100 and building cements ПЦІ-500-Н, ШПЦ Ш/А-400 with a light impurity-acid fly ash of thermal power stations were developed and investigated. The minimum density of cement mortars based on the developed mixtures is, respectively, 1 460–1 530 and 1 580–1 650 kg/m3, while ensuring the high quality of other technological properties of cement mortar and stone. The development and selection of optimal recipes for new lightweight cement mixtures has been carried out. The results of the work are of practical use in cementing oil and gas wells in complex mining and geological conditions in geological exploration areas and industrial hydrocarbon fields.

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