Sexual Contact as Risk Factor for Campylobacter Infection, Denmark

Riding in a shopping cart next to raw meat or poultry is a risk factor for Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in infants. To describe the frequency of, and factors associated with, this behavior, we surveyed parents of children aged younger than 3 years in Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network sites. We defined exposure as answering yes to one of a series of questions asking if packages of raw meat or poultry were near a child in a shopping cart, or if a child was in the cart basket at the same time as was raw meat or poultry. Among 1,273 respondents, 767 (60%) reported that their children visited a grocery store in the past week and rode in shopping carts. Among these children, 103 (13%) were exposed to raw products. Children who rode in the baskets were more likely to be exposed than were those who rode only in the seats (odds ratio [OR], 17.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0 to 28.9). In a multivariate model, riding in the basket (OR, 15.5; 95% CI, 9.2 to 26.1), income less than $55,000 (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.1), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.5) were associated with exposure. Our study shows that children can be exposed to raw meat and poultry products while riding in shopping carts. Parents should separate children from raw products and place children in the seats rather than in the baskets of the cart. Retailer use of leak-proof packaging, customer placement of product in a plastic bag and on the rack underneath the cart, use of hand sanitizers and wipes, and consumer education may also be helpful.

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Description Analysis of Human Behavior that Causes the Emergence of HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases in Surabaya

Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease ◽

10.20473/ijtid.v1i2.2174 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Yayuk Susilawati ◽

Nasronudin Nasronudin ◽

Atika Atika

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

And Bisexual ◽

Hiv Aids

HIV virus is transmitted to other individuals particularly through sexual contact with infected individuals, narcotic abuse using shared infected needle, maternal-fetal transmission in perinatal period, either during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, or through infected blood donor. The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection is established using laboratory examination with the indication of clinical symptoms or high risk behavior. This descriptive study was intended to describe human behaviors that cause the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya. To find the description of the disease, the percentage of total HIV/AIDS patients according to behavioral risk factors was estimated. Total patients in 9 hospitals at each risk factor were divided with total patients in those hospital, multiplied with 100. The description of the disease according to behavioral risk factors in Surabaya is as follows: total patients between January and December 2005 was 382 individuals; 204 due to sexual contact (53.40%), 161 due to injected drug use (IDU) (42.15%), 6 perinatal cases (1.57%) and 11 with unknown causes (2.88%). From risk factor sexual relationship behavior as many as 204 people, respectively heterosexual 174 people (85.29%), homosexual 17 people (8.33%) and bisexual 13 people (6.37%). Further analytical studies are needed to analyze correlation between human behavior and the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya.

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718. Asymptomatic campylobacteriosis as a risk factor for developing acute neurological syndromes in Veracruz, Mexico

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S410-S410

Author(s):

Luis Del Carpio-Orantes ◽

Jesús Salvador Sánchez-Díaz ◽

Karla Gabriela Peniche Moguel ◽

Miguel Arnulfo Perfecto-Arroyo ◽

Ishar Solis-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Stool Culture ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals ◽

Guillain Barré ◽

Campylobacter Infection

Abstract Background Campylobacter infection is the main cause of diarrheal disease, however it is recognized as a risk factor for developing Guillain Barré syndrome, which has been previously corroborated in our population after analyzing the incidence of the syndrome during arboviral outbreaks of 2016-2018, resulting that 75% of the cases were due to infection by Campylobacter. Furthermore, of these patients, 83% did not present gastrointestinal symptoms, constituting an asymptomatic campylobacteriosis at the intestinal level, and Guillain Barré syndrome could be its primary manifestation. Reason why the need arose to look in this population for cases of asymptomatic campylobacteriosis. Methods Analytical, observational and prospective study. 200 healthy and asymptomatic individuals over 18 years of age were selected in the Veracruz Norte branch of the Mexican Institute of Social Security during September to December 2019, who were asked for a stool sample, which was subjected to a study to search for Campylobacter through a chromatographic immunoassay test for the qualitative detection of said bacteria (Certest). Patients who were positive to the Certest test underwent stool culture (Campy-bap) in order to typify the identified Campylobacter species. Results In the search for Campilobacter, the Certest was positive in 6 (3.0%); In 5 (83.3%) subjects some variety of Campylobacter could be isolated by stool culture, in 4 (66.7%) Campylobacter Jejuni was isolated and in 1 (16.7%) Campylobacter Coli was isolated. The positive result of Certest was similar between women and men [4 (3.8%) women vs 2 (2.1%) men; p = 0.684)]. However, in relation to the culture, there was the percentage of women in whom the culture was positive for Campilobacter Jejuní was statistically significant [4 (100%) VS 0 (0.0%); p = 0.038]. Positive cases of campylobacter Positive cases by Certest and Campy-bap Conclusion Asymptomatic positive cases of Campilobacter were identified in this study population in 3%, mainly isolating Campilobacter jejuni, which leads to the conclusion that there are cases of asymptomatic Campylobacteriosis that could act as a risk factor for the development of acute neurological syndromes related to the presence of the bacteria Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Ultrastructural Studies on Genital Infection with the Chlamydial Agent of Guinea Pig Inclusion Conjunctivitis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079267 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

A. L. Barron ◽

H. J. White ◽

R. G. Rank

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Chlamydia Psittaci ◽

Genital Infection ◽

Major Site ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Tissue Specimens ◽

Guinea Pig Model ◽

Adequate Tissue ◽

Genital Tissue

Chlamydial organisms (specifically C. trachomatis) have been implicated as a frequent cause of genital infection in the human (1). Study of the histo- pathological aspects of such infections has been impeded because of difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue specimens and the lack of a suitable experimental host. In 1964, Murray (2) isolated the causative agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis which possesses similarities to human inclusion conjunctivitis. This guinea pig organism was found to be a member of the Chlamydia psittaci subgroup and was designated as the Gp-ic agent. Male guinea pigs have been successfully infected with Gp-ic by intraurethral inoculation. Transmission of the infection to the female by sexual contact has been demonstrated (3). We are not aware of any ultrastructural studies to date concerning the development of this agent in genital tissue.Studies in our laboratory have established that, in our guinea pig model, the cervix is the major site of injection.

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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