scholarly journals HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE KHOREZM REGION IN THE WORK OF ABU AL-FIDA “TAQWIM AL-BULDAN”

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
U. D. Zhuzbayeva ◽  
◽  
B. Sh. Batyrkhan ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
The Middle Ages

The aim of the article is the historical geography of Khorezm, as well as a comprehensive study of the interaction of society and nature in the region and, in part, the adjacent territories.The article analyzes the historical and geographical data of the Khorezm region in the work of Abu al-Fida “Taqwim al-Buldan” during the Middle Ages, which are known from written sources.The article is also based on the materials of archaeological research and information from the works of other scientists of the Abu al-Fida era.A comprehensive study of the geography and social characteristics of the cities of the Khorezm region confirms information about a high civilization that arose in Central Asia at the junction of sedentary and nomadic traditions, its urban culture influenced the formation of modern states.The author, referring to the written sources of medieval researchers, describes the architecture of cities, geographical coordinates, nature and climate, arts and crafts, science and education, peculiarities of the population, etc. The study examined the main cities of Khorezm, such as: Kurkandzh, Dzhurdzhaniya, Kas, Zamakhshar, Khazarosb, Dar'an, Farabr and others.The article also analyzes such issues as the methods of using water resources and the development of the irrigation system in the Middle Ages Khorezm. Khorezm, whose territory since ancient times was formed at the crossroads of various historical events. He played a huge role in the formation of the Central Asian state as a whole. It is clear that the urban culture of medieval Khorezm influenced the modern traditions of the region. The work of Abul-Fida "Takim al-Buldan" is an important scientific heritage for the formation of the historical physical geography, economic and social geography of Khorezm. At the time of Abul-Fida, Khorezm was a rich and cultural region with developed agriculture, crafts and trade. The cities of the Khorezm region were formed along the rivers. Because they were important to the economy and life. Outside the cities, fortifications were built from high walls. Trade relations with neighboring countries have developed. Khorezm played an important role in the economy of Maurennahr, through which one of the northern branches of the Great Silk Road passed. The heritage of Khorezm architecture as a whole is known for its unique architectural monuments in the history of Central Asia, as well as for the great contribution of Khorezm architects to the construction and fine arts of Central Asia, which subsequently preserved and contributed to the development of architecture. Archaeological excavations confirm that the Khorezmians were engaged not only in trade and agriculture, but also in science. The Khorezmians mastered astronomy and mathematics. They invented angle measuring devices and used them in scientific research. Astronomy and many natural sciences developed in Ancient Khorezm.

THE ART OF PUPPET-MAKING IN THE TEMURID PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Akram A. Azizkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Puppet Theater ◽  
Art Performance ◽  
The Middle Ages

This article analyzes the views of Husayn Voiz Koshifiy on the puppet theaters (the art of puppetry) that were widespread in the Middle Ages in Central Asia. The article describes the wide popularity of the art of puppetry, even indicates the spread of this art among the representatives of sufism. The article also highlights the fact that Husain Voiz Koshifiy did not limit himself only to depicting the art of puppetry, but provided valuable information about the content and types of this art. The article also outlines the views of Husayn Voiz Koshifiy on what kind of behavior and qualifications people who practice the art of puppetry should have.Index Terms: Husain Voiz Koshifiy, scientific heritage, puppet theater, art, performance, stage, puppeteer, culture, social life, truth

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF THE PROBLEM OF THE HIBERNOROMAN TRADITIONS DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
A. RYABOKON
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Education System ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
Alcuin Of York ◽  
The University ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the process of scientific research the methodological tools of research of development of Roman-Irish traditions in the European system of education of the Middle Ages in unity of historical-pedagogical, biographical, anthropological, axiological, adaptive, ethnofunctional, microstructural, integral, quantitative, qualitative (qualitative), multiple structural-functional, hermeneutic, culturological approaches.Thanks to the application of a historical-pedagogical approach it was determined how Alcuin of York transmitted the experience of Irish monastic schools in the Charlemagne’s Empire, and later how Pierre Abelard used the Alcuin’s experience in shaping the Parisian educational system.The biographical approach allowed revealing the mental model of a particular figure behavior of the Carolingian Renaissance or a university professor, his contribution to European medieval culture. An anthropological approach was used to elucidate the innovations that Alcuin of York introduced into the school monastic system at times of the Carolingian Renaissance and to comprehend school reform the Charlemagne’s Empire.The axiological approach was used in the study of the Alcuin of York students’ epistolary heritage, the descendants of his scholarly school tradition.The application of the adaptive approach allowed identifying the specifics of evolutionary values in the learning process, the gradual reassessment of values, adaptation to the dynamically changing conditions of knowledge transfer in schools and universities of the early and classical Middle Ages.Applying an ethno-functional approach reveals how students perceived learning in unified Latin and whether they had a desire to communicate with each other in the language of their country and their own ancestors.Through the application of the microstructural approach, the patterns of perception and memorization of information, the performance of complex mathematical and logical operations in solving a mathematical problem, methods of mechanical reproduction and the ability to think logically were established.A holistic approach has confirmed the opinion of previous researchers that the “Carolingian tradition”, based on the Roman-Irish scientific heritage, became the “foundation” for a European university, because what remained in mainland Europe after the destruction of the Ostrogothic kingdom and the Arab conquest was not enough. The quantitative approach use enabled clarifying the accessibility and consistency of tasks in Alcuin York’s teaching system and his followers, as well as the relationship between faith and the value of knowledge.The qualitative approach use allowed identifying those components that have been traced for several centuries after the Carolingian Renaissance, including the system of encouragement and punishment, the method of syllogism, and recognition of the quadrivium complexity before the trivium, etc.Given that the educational system of Alcuin of York and his university successors provided for the consideration of each phenomenon outside of any one discipline, it was advisable to use a multidisciplinary (trans-disciplinary) approach. Due to the use of structural-functional approach in it was analyzed the university-school education system in all its components (purpose, content, means, as well as process, structure, connections, functions) and identified what was common, different, or special in it.The hermeneutic approach use allowed identifying the foundations of the Hiberno-Roman scientific tradition in the university-school system of the Middle Ages, helped to highly appreciate it.The culturological approach presupposed the identification of the conditions for human self-determination, self-creation and self-realization in the culture, education, upbringing and “scientific tradition” of the outlined epoch.

scholarly journals АЛЬ-ФАРАБИ И МУЗЫКА (AL-FARABI AND MUSIC)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigul Kosanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

Іn this article, the author examines the scientific heritage of the great thinker and philosopher of the East, Abu Nasir al Farabi. The contribution of the word is analysed. Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Tarkhan Ibn Uzlag al-Farabi (870-950) was born in the city of Farab (Otrar) on the territory of the modern South Kazakhstan region. In the early middle ages, Otrar was called Farab. The city of Otrar was the second major cultural, commercial, political and scientific center, the center of the ancient culture of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The most famous of his scientific works is" treatise on the views of good citizens "("views of good citizens"). "The scientist divides the city leaders into "benevolent and ignorant". At that time, there was a city-state. When will its inhabitants be happy? According to the scientist, this depends on the mayors of the cities. If the mayor is educated, fair, and clean-minded, all citizens will be happy. And if the mayor of the city is ignorant and lies, then the people of the city will be unhappy. Al-Farabi says that in order to achieve true happiness, a person must constantly seek. Human behavior should also be good," Zhakypbek Altayevich says in the documentary "Al - Farabi-philosopher of civilization". In addition, Al-Farabi's work "the great treatise on music" has been translated into many languages of the world.

scholarly journals C. Orff. stage cantata «Carmina Burana»: grotesque as a means of creating an artistic image of the Fried Swan

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Carmina Burana ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Carl Orff ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
The Grotesque

The purpose of the article is to analyze the image of the Fried Swan from the stage cantata of Carl Orff "Carmina Burana" through the category of grotesque - the worldview principle in the culture of the Middle Ages and one of the leading types of artistic imagery in art nouveau. The paper reviews literary and musicological research on the grotesque as an aesthetic category and its application as a method of revealing the artistic image. What is being analyzed: the aesthetics of vagrant poetry, which is the basis of the libretto of Karl Orff's stage cantata; traditions of interpretation of the image of a swan in mythology, folk culture, folklore of different peoples of Europe, Christianity, literature of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the New Age, in particular in Romanticism, as well as in the fine arts; features of Latin poetry in general and "Swan Song" from the poetry of vagrants in particular; application of alliteration; a variant of translation into Ukrainian is provided, which is intended for a more accurate understanding of the essence of the image, reveals its new facets and is addressed to the performers of the Fried Swan part in the preparatory period of work on the image, as well as listeners. The image of the Fried Swan is the embodiment of "grotesque realism" (A. Gurevich) of the Middle Ages. The methodology is based on the application of a holistic musicological analysis, which includes philosophical-aesthetic, literary-linguistic and musical-theoretical levels. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the application of the grotesque as a philosophical and aesthetic category for studying, in particular, one of the most original images of K. Orff's work and the concept of modern musical theater in general. Therefore, the artistic and aesthetic interpretation of the figurative sphere of the cantata is considered relevant, and this work is the first such attempt in Ukrainian musicology. Conclusions. The image of the Fried Swan embodies the grotesque, in which the high and the low, the believable and the unreal, the tragic and the comic, coexist. It reflects the mentality of the Middle Ages as a unity of antinomies and at the same time possesses the characteristic features of the culture of art nouveau, where the grotesque is a typical tool for perceiving reality. The image of the Fried Swan can be considered as a kind of "key" for understanding two "artistic mentality" at once - of the Middle Ages and of the Art Nouveau.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE ABU ALI IBN SINO

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Nigora Tursunova ◽  
◽  
Nazim Buronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
High Share ◽  
The Middle Ages

In this article, we have raised the level of research to explore new aspects of the historical heritage of Abu Ali ibn Sina, who lived in the Middle Ages, adding a high share to the development of all areas of Science, in particular, the theory and practice of Medicine, and to use it in various areas of science, including the development of medical practice.

scholarly journals Entertaining the community: the evolution of civic ritual and public celebration, 1860–1953

Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEN ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

ABSTRACT:Civic ritual and pageantry have been mainstays of urban culture since the Middle Ages, but it has been suggested that they entered a period of decline from the 1870s onwards. This article suggests that instead, local authorities reformed and revised their use of civic ceremony, celebration and commemoration, in order to keep pace with contemporary culture and to maintain public interest. The towns of Darlington and Middlesbrough are considered to highlight the use of recreational and sensory-rich ritual in the urban setting. It is suggested that historians should therefore adopt a broader methodology and broaden their definition of what constituted civic ritual in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Two-Faced Janus of Radicalization. Heretical Thoughts. Based on the Work of Dr. Arne Seifert

2021 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Irina V. Starodubrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Middle Ages

The paper continues discussion with the ideas expressed in Dr. Arne Seifert’s work “Civil Opposition to Religious Radicalism in Central Asia” (2020) which has started in the previous issue of the journal. The author doubts that expansion of Islamic fundamentalistic views means the inspiration to go back to the norms of the Middle Ages. Instead, this process is treated as a conflicting unity of archaization and modernization similar in its essence with the Protestant Reformation in Europe. The author’s proposals how to confront radicalization are based on the concepts described in the article. The main ideas are to involve Muslims in civil society activities preventing both their isolation and their involvement in violent practices, to intensify their contacts with secular civil society groups and movements, to expand their opportunities to accept modernity on their own terms. The author illustrates the productivity of such approaches using examples from the civil society activities in the North Caucasus including those projects where the author herself was involved.

scholarly journals On the Nomadic Influence on the Artistic Culture of the Cities of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan in the 6th – Early 13th Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
C. Yu. Markova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Artistic Tradition ◽  
The Middle Ages

The study, the results of which form the basis of this article, is aimed at determining the role of nomadic Turkic peoples in the formation of the urban culture of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan during the Middle Ages. Semirechye from 6th to 8th century, in political terms, was under the rule of the nomadic Turks, who formed their state here (Khaganate). The main role in the emergence of the first urban centers belongs, to a greater extent, to the Sogdians who came from the south. At the same time, the significance of the nomadic peoples in the development of urban culture of the region remains unclear. Some researchers are ambiguous about the influence of the policy of Turkic rulers on the urbanization of Semirechye, and also note the difficulty of identifying the nomadic artistic tradition in the material and spiritual culture of the peoples of southeastern and southern parts of Kazakhstan. All this makes research in this area relevant. The article is based on the results of comparing the pictorial monuments left by the inhabitants of the medieval cities of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan (6th – early 13th centuries), with the epic works of nomadic Turks. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative typological analysis, with the help of which the presence of commonly used motives and plots in different types of art is determined. Methods of description and analogy were used in the analysis of archaeological material. The comparative historical method is necessary to confirm the existence of an epic motive or plot in a certain period using written data. In the course of the work, samples of figured ceramics and fragments of a carved stucco (carving on raw unbaked clay) are considered. General pictorial motives, images, and plots in both types of decorative and applied art, as well as their correspondence in ancient Turkic folklore and written sources are identified. On the basis of a comparative analysis, an interpretation of some images is given, which, in turn, define the ancient Turkic artistic tradition. It is concluded that many motives and images in both types of arts indicate the special role of the nomadic Turks in the formation of a peculiar artistic style in the urban culture of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan during the Middle Ages.

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