Figure 14

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Percentage Composition

14. The estates of the seven great fiefs in 1148 (a) The rent totals of each fief by streets (cf. Tables 11-14) (b) The percentage composition of each fief by streets (cf. Tables 16 and 17)

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Porous Ceramic Membranes for Micro-Filtration from Clay/CuZn Using Extrusion Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Amin ◽  
Muhammad Subri
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Support ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

In this study, fabrication and characterization of ceramic membranes preparation was carried out. Porous ceramic membranes were fabricated by extrusion process from different percentage composition of CuZn on (80 wt% Clay, 10 wt% TiO2, 5 wt% Carbon and 5 wt% PVA). The fabricated membranes were sintered at 900°C for 1 hour in an electrical box furnace with heating rate 1oC/min and holding time for 1 hour. Apparent density and porosity were determined by standar methods for ceramic materials. Phase composition of the ceramic support was established by X-Ray Diffraction analysis. SEM studies of the membranes added at different CuZn were carried out.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Design AD System Biogas Purification Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro ◽  
Oghenero Wilson Orhorhoro ◽  
Eruero Victor Atumah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Biogas Purification

Biogas purification which is the removal of impurities so as to improve the efficiency of gas produced, ensure the safety of end users and prolong the life of the equipment cannot be neglected. This paper is focused on the design and performance evaluation of AD system biogas purification filter. Three different conceptual designs were generated from possible design consideration, feasibility study and preliminary test and with the help of decision matrix; the best conceptual design was selected from which the purification filter was fabricated. The selected concept for detail design was a transparent polyethene cylindrical purification filter fitted with local iron sponge containing activated charcoal and local potash. The reagents were arranged in this order; local potash for the removal of water vapour and carbon dioxide followed by activated charcoal which serves as a purifying agent for hydrogen sulphide. The results obtained showed reduction in percentage composition of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide, and water vapour. On the other hand, there was an increase in percentage composition of methane (CH4) which is an indication of improvement in methane production after purification. The outcomes of the results obtained were satisfactory and the combination of local potash and activated charcoal was adequate for biogas purification.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of the Different Parts of Eryngium aquifolium from Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Palá-Paúl ◽  
Jaime Usano-Alemany ◽  
Joseph J. Brophy ◽  
María J. Pérez-Alonso ◽  
Ana-Cristina Soria
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Different Parts

The essential oils from the different parts [inflorescences (E.a.I), stems + leaves (E.a.SL) and roots (E.a.R)] of E. aquifolium Cav. gathered in Cádiz (Spain), have been extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Quantitative and qualitative differences have been found between the analyzed plant parts. A total of 107 compounds have been identified. The main constituents were germacrene D (30.3%) and sesquicineole (26.7%) for E.a.I fraction, germacrene D (46.0%) and myrcene (13.8%) in the E.a.SL, while E.a.R showed phyllocladene isomer (63.6%) as a unique major compound. The percentage composition of the other constituents was lower than 5.5% in all the analyzed fractions. In agreement with other Eryngium species, no specific compound could be used as a marker for the chemotaxonomy of E. aquifolium. However, similarities in volatile composition were found between E. aquifolium and other species growing under similar environmental conditions. As far as we know, this is the first report on the essential oil of this species.

Identification of the Photoalteration Products Formed from Parathion by Ultraviolet Light

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Ronald L Joiner ◽  
Karl P Baetcke
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Flame Photometric Detection ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A comparison of the effects of various time periods of ultraviolet light on the formation of rearrangement products of parathion is presented. Twelve products were separated and identified by thin layer chromatography in 4 systems, and were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, when possible. The effect of 2 solvents, methanol and acetone, on the formation and percentage composition of photoalteration products of parathion from high-intensity ultraviolet light is also discussed. Retention times are given for each component from gas chromatography by electron capture and flame photometric detection.

The efficiency of determining the chemical composition of lamb carcasses

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kirton ◽  
R. A. Barton ◽  
A. L. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Components ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Extract Protein

1. Twenty Southdown-Romney wether lamb carcasses of a mean hot carcass weight of 39·2 lb. (range 31·2–43·8 lb.) were frozen. Each frozen carcass was divided down the back-bone to give two sides and each side was divided into four parts: leg, loin, 9–10–11 rib cut, and fore. A method of obtaining samples from the parts and from the sides is described. The samples were analysed for water, fat (uncorrected), and residue (uncorrected). The dried residue was analysed to give an ash percentage and a Soxhlet correction factor so that total fat (ether-extract), protein (dried fat-free, ash-free residue), and ash were determined.2. The weights of the two sides of the twenty carcasses were similar, although the loins of the left sides were highly significantly heavier than those from the right sides and the right fores were highly significantly heavier than the left fores.3. The mean percentage composition of the two sides of the carcasses studied were similar. Likewise each of the four parts showed close similarity between sides except for the residue and protein percentage of the loin in which the left sides had significantly more protein percentage than the right sides. In all the uncorrected chemical components a significant side × carcass interaction was found.4. An analysis of the sampling errors showed that the variance of a treatment mean was decreased only slightly by increasing the number of samples per side or by sampling both sides instead of one. Any substantial increase in precision can be achieved only by increasing the number of carcasses per group.

The effect of delaying the introduction of concentrates on the summer milk production of hay-fed dairy cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Friesian Cows

From November 23, 1965, concentrates were introduced successively at two-week intervals to five treatment groups of grade Friesian cows that were being fed a basal ration of cereal hay in the paddock. The yield of milk, butterfat, solids-not-fat, and protein rose significantly as the supplements were introduced but almost no significant effect of concentrate feeding was observed on the weekly percentage composition tests of the milk. A comparison of the total covariance corrected yield results for the experimental period from November 23, 1965, to March 15, 1966, showed that the group of cows receiving concentrates throughout produced 30 per cent more milk, and 29 per cent more solids-not-fat, but only 24 per cent more protein and butterfat than the group receiving concentrates from January 18, 1966. However, the additional milk production would be uneconomic where milk is purchased on a butterfat basis.

Use of carcase measurements to predict percentage carcase composition in crossbred lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Thompson ◽  
KD Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Percentage Composition

Half carcases from 108 lambs, from two sexes (wethers and ewes), six genotypes (Dorset Horn and Border Leicester rams crossed with Merino, Corriedale and Border Leicester x Merino first cross ewes) and three slaughter weights (34, 44 and 54 kg liveweight) were dissected into fat, muscle, bone and connective tissue. Measurements of carcase weight, fatness (1 2-13th and 8-9th rib fat depth), size (carcase length, chest depth and leg length) and shape (fleshing index) were recorded. Carcase weight and fat depth at the 12-13th and 8-9th rib sites were the three best single predictors of percentage fat (RSD's = 3.564,3.912 and 3.291 ), percentage muscle (RSD's = 3.1 64,2.970 and 2.948) and percentage bone (RSD's = 1.455, 1.848 and 1.467) in the carcase. The combination of carcase weight with a measure of fat depth at the 12-13th or 8-9th rib sites improved the prediction of percentage fat (RSD's = 2.845 and 2.955), percentage muscle (RSD's = 2.629 and 2.851) and percentage bone (RSD's = 1.425 and 1.342) over that of carcase weight or fat depth as single predictors (P< 0.05). The further addition of size or shape to a model already containing weight and fatness was not significant (P > 0.05). Interactions between carcase measurements and weight were significant for some measures of fatness and size in the prediction of percentage fat and bone. No interactions were significant in the prediction of percentage muscle. The effect of genotype on the prediction of percentage composition was significant for many of the measurements, whereas the effect of sex was only significant for prediction of percentage bone and not for prediction of percentage fat and muscle. It was concluded that carcase weight and fatness provided the most accurate prediction of percentage carcase composition and that additional measures of size or shape did not improve the accuracy. Using carcase weight and fatness, knowledge of genotype improved the prediction of percentage carcase composition, whereas sex was relatively unimportant.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana from Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Palá-Paúl ◽  
Jaime Usano-Alemany ◽  
Elena Granda ◽  
Ana-Cristina Soria
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The essential oils extracted from the young stems and leaves of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana(A.Murray) Parl. have been analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. A total of 66 compounds were identified representing around the 99% of the total oil. The oil was richer in monoterpenes than in sesquiterpenes. The only main component was limonene with a percentage composition of 77.7%. The rest of compounds that contribute to the fragrance had percentage composition lower that the 3.0%: p-cymen-7-ol (3.0%), myrcene (2.4%), camphor (2.1%), δ-elemene (1.6%), oplopanonyl acetate (1.6%), methyl perillate (1.3%), terpinen-4-ol (1.0%) and β-oplopenone 1.0%. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of this oil was also tested against different microorganisms. The only fungus tested, Candida albicans,was very sensitive to the treatment with an inhibition halos of 20mm. The oil was more effective with the Gram (+) than with Gram (-) bacteria. The inhibition halos were 12mm, 12-13mm and 12-13mm for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus respectively. We report new data of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of this species. The essential oil of C. lawsoniana could be considered as a good natural antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Amiben Metabolism and Selectivity

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Plant Sensitivity

Absorption and metabolism of 14C-3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) by six plant species were investigated for correlation with species sensitivity. Plant sensitivity was determined from amiben concentrations required to give 50% reduction of radicle extension of germinating seedlings and shoot dry weight of 10-day-old plants (I50). The I50 values showed that soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.) were tolerant, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was intermediate and giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were susceptible. Neither the amount of amiben absorbed, the transport to shoots, the concentration of radioactivity soluble in methanol, nor the distribution of radioactivity among amiben, N-(3-carboxy-2,5-dichlorophenyl)-glucosylamine (hereinafter referred to as N-glucosyl amiben), and an unidentified amiben conjugate (amiben-X) was associated with species sensitivity in 11-day-old plants. In seedling tissues, neither the concentration of methanol-soluble nor methanol-insoluble radioactivity correlated with sensitivity. Highly significant correlations between the log percentage composition of amiben, amiben-X, and N-glucosyl amiben in the methanol-soluble fraction of seedlings and log I50 for radical elongation were obtained; the correlations were negative for amiben and amiben-X but positive for N-glucosyl amiben.

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