ACTION ON MATTER: THE HISTORY OF THE UNIQUELY AFRICAN TAMPER AND CONCAVE ANVIL POT-FORMING TECHNIQUE

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Sterner ◽  
Nicholas David
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The publication, largely by ethnoarchaeologists, of new data on the tamper and concave anvil technique of pot-forming (TCA) permits a reassessment of this uniquely African technique, its toolkit, and its culture history. A survey, inspired by the technologie culturelle school, of its varied expressions in the southern Saharan, Sahelian and northern Sudan zones from Mali to Sudan and extending north into Egypt emphasises the potential of the technique for the efficient production of spherical water jars of high volume to weight ratio, much appreciated in arid environments. The technique is demanding and therefore practised for the most part by specialists. The origins and diffusion of the technique are assessed in the light of the ethnological, archaeological, linguistic, and historical evidence, and a four stage historical development is sketched.

The Account and the Explanation of the Historical Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Way Of Thinking

This chapter explores the account and the explanation of the historical development of philosophy. It was only at the end of the eighteenth century that this development itself became the focus of attention, and thus the phrase ‘history of philosophy’ came to take on the now familiar meaning of an account of the historical development of philosophy from its beginning to the present day. What characterizes the historian’s approach to the historical development of philosophy is that they refuse to resort to such philosophical assumptions about philosophy, about history, and about the history of philosophy to understand and to explain this historical development. The historian tries to understand and to explain it, as well as it can be explained, purely in terms of historical facts, facts which can be ascertained on the basis of the available historical evidence. Meanwhile, if one is concerned with the factual development of philosophy, one should focus on the fact that sometimes, when a philosopher does something, this affects other philosophers, who take notice of what he or she is doing in such a way that, as a result of their taking note of what the philosopher is doing, they modify their way of thinking about things philosophically, which, in turn, might make some difference to the further course of the history of philosophy. In this way, later philosophical activity is shaped or influenced by earlier activity.

scholarly journals From Relativization to Nominalization and More: Evidence from the History of Okinawan

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reijirou Shibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Survey Result ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Full Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian Languages

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The nominalization-relativization syncretism is characteristic of languages in Tibeto-Burman areas (e.g. Noonan 1997; DeLancey 1999), whilst the diachronic process of the phenomenon is now pursued in East and Southeast Asian languages as well (e.g. Yap and Wrona forthcoming). These preceding works propose two different directions of change. One is that nominalization has developed into relativization (e.g. Yap and Matthews 2008) albeit with a lack of syntactic explicitness in some cases by the want of historical documents. The other concerns the inverse direction from relativization to nominalization, which is proposed by researchers such as LaPolla (2003 with Huang). Although they are opposing against each other, each survey result remains and raises an intriguing possibility, which is worth reconsideration through the analysis of other languages. However, it should be pointed out that preceding research cannot give a full account of the directions with a paucity of crucial historical evidence. Genetti (2008) embarks on a reconstructing research into the diachronic process in which relativization and nominalization each give rise to the other based on five Tibeto-Burman languages; she provides a good syntactic analysis, but any synchronic study seems to have its own limits. Building on these preceding works, this study addresses the historical development of the Okinawan nominalizer si, which used to be sï (see the next section), out of its earlier usage as the head of relative clause i.e. from relativization to nominalization.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL IDEA OF THE “SOCIAL STATE” IN THE HISTORY OF LEGAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Social State ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the problem of the social state as one of the fundamental constitutional principles of the state structure of modern developed countries. The course of historical development of philosophical and legal thought on this problem is considered. The idea of a close connection between the concept of the social state and the ideas of utopian socialism of Thomas More and Henri Saint-Simon is put forward. Liberals also made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of the social state, they argued that the ratio of equality and freedom is a key problem for the classical liberal doctrine. It is concluded that the emergence of the theory of the social state for objective reasons was inevitable, since it is due to the historical development of society.

Stapled Surgery for Hemorrhoidal Prolapse: From the Beginning to the Modern Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sturiale ◽  
Bernardina Fabiani ◽  
Claudia Menconi ◽  
Danilo Cafaro ◽  
Felipe Celedon Porzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Rectal Intussusception ◽  
Stapler Technique ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hemorrhoidal Prolapse

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common proctologic condition in adults. Among the different surgical procedures, one of the greatest innovations is represented by the stapled hemorrhoidopexy. The history of this technique started with a single stapler use passing thorough a double stapler technique to resect the adequate amount of prolapse, finally arriving to the use of high volume devices. Methods: Nevertheless each device has its own specific feature, the stapler is basically made up with one or more circular lines of titanium staples whose height may be variable. The procedure is based on different steps: Introduction of the CAD, evaluation of the prolapse, fashioning purse string or parachute suture, introduction of the stapler head beyond the suture, pull the wires through the window, close the stapler and keep pulled the wires of the suture held together with a forcep, fire using two hands, open the stapler and remove it and check the staple line and then check the specimen. One of the latest innovations in stapled surgery the Tissue Selective Therapy. It is a minimally invasive procedure in which there is a partial circular stapled hemorrhoidopexy focused on the prolapsing piles with bridges of normal mucosa left. Results: Several studies have reported that SH is a safe and effective procedure to treat the hemorrhoidal prolapse. It is a quicker procedure with a shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work if compared with the conventional treatment. This is due to a less postoperative pain, postoperative bleeding, wound complications and constipation. Furthermore, the first generation devices had worse outcomes if compared with those of the new generation stapler that showed lower postoperative complication rate with better anatomical and symptomatic results. Conclusions: Stapled procedure for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoidal prolapse represents one of the most important innovations in proctology of the last century bringing with it the new revolutionary concept of the rectal intussusception as a determining factor involved in the natural history of the disease. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy marked an era in which the surgeon may to offer to the patients a safe, effective treatment with less pain and fast recovery.

The Oxford Handbook of American Women's and Gender History

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Free Women

The Oxford Handbook of American Women’s and Gender History boldly interprets the history of diverse women and how ideas about gender shaped their access to political and cultural power in North America over six centuries. In twenty-nine chapters, the Handbook showcases women’s and gender history as an integrated field with its own interpretation of the past, focused on how gender influenced people’s lives as they participated in migration, colonialism, trade, warfare, artistic production, and community building. Organized chronologically and thematically, the Handbook’s six sections allow readers to consider historical continuities of gendered power as well as individual innovations and ruptures in gender systems. Theoretically cutting edge, each chapter bursts with fascinating historical characters, from young Chicanas transforming urban culture, to free women of color forging abolitionist doctrines, to Asian migrant women defending the legitimacy of their marriages, to working-class activists mobilizing international movements, to transwomen fleeing incarceration. Together, their lives constitute the history of a continent. Leading scholars from multiple generations demonstrate the power of innovative research to excavate a history hidden in plain sight. Scrutinizing silences in the historical record, from the inattention to enslaved women’s opinions to the suppression of Indian women’s involvement in border diplomacy, the authors challenge the nature of historical evidence and remap what counts in our interpretation of the past. They demonstrate a way to extend this more capacious vision of history forward, setting an intellectual agenda informed by intersectionality and transnationalism, and new understandings of sexuality.

G. Priest and R. Routley. First historical introduction. A preliminary history of paraconsistent and dialethic approaches. Paraconsistent logic, Essays on the inconsistent, edited by Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Jean Norman, Analytica, Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Hamden, and Vienna, 1989, pp. 3–75. - Ayda I. Arruda. Aspects of the historical development of paraconsistent logic. Paraconsistent logic, Essays on the inconsistent, edited by Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Jean Norman, Analytica, Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Hamden, and Vienna, 1989, pp. 99–130. - G. Priest and R. Routley. Systems of paraconsistent logic. Paraconsistent logic, Essays on the inconsistent, edited by Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Jean Norman, Analytica, Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Hamden, and Vienna, 1989, pp. 151–186. - G. Priest and R. Routley. Applications of paraconsistent logic. Paraconsistent logic, Essays on the inconsistent, edited by Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Jean Norman, Analytica, Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Hamden, and Vienna, 1989, pp. 367–393. - G. Priest and R. Routley. The philosophical significance and inevitability of paraconsistency, Paraconsistent logic, Essays on the inconsistent, edited by Graham Priest, Richard Routley, and Jean Norman, Analytica, Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Hamden, and Vienna, 1989, pp. 483–539.

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1503-1504
Author(s):  
F. G. Asenjo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Paraconsistent Logic ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Graham Priest

New and modern history of the Arab world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouben Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

The Attraction of Literary Local Lore Material and Information from the Native Literature of Students in the Study of A.M. Gorky

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Zinaida Kh. Tedtoeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Native People ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Teacher Needs ◽  
Special Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Aesthetic

The problem of perceiving fiction has aesthetic, sociological, historical and psychological aspects. In this regard, in the methodology of teaching Russian literature to the national audience, special attention is paid to the deep, faithful and subtle reproduction of the literary works of writers, the development of the reader’s talent. Fiction as a form of art is a special area of the aesthetic. In a truly fictional work, all its elements are subordinate to the expression of a certain content, expressive, figurative, therefore, the reader’s understanding of a literary work is not only aesthetic, but also evaluative in nature. There are three stages of students’ perception of the writer’s creation: 1) recreation and experience of images of the work, with the leading process of imagination; 2) understanding of the ideological content; V.G. Belinsky called this stage “true pleasure”; 3) the influence of fiction on the personality of the reader as a result of the perception of the work. Fiction affects the worldview, speech, moral behavior in society, aesthetic and artistic development, in general, the formation of a person’s personality. The teacher tries to ensure that students have the necessary knowledge, developed, recreational imagination, emotional sensitivity, a sense of the poetic word, observation, the ability to make comparisons, comparisons, generalizations, conclusions. Their perception of a work of art is a difficult process that directly depends on previous knowledge of literature, facts of the history of culture, history of society. The complexity of the spiritual world of a modern young person is due to the development of personality in the context of the rapid progress of society. All this poses a difficult task for methodological science - to diversify the means of analysis, its types and techniques, effective ways of influencing art on students. In the national audience, the main problem of studying Russian literature - the teacher needs to reveal Russian-national literary ties with specific examples, based on certain historical conditions, national specifics, use translations of the works of the Russian writer into the native language of students, literary local history material, highlight the attitude of cultural figures of the native people to the work of the Russian writer, to his personality.

What’s Next?

2009 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

One cannot predict the future of the sciences or that of psychology. The question “What’s next?” gives reason to think about which principles to which psychology has developed. In analyzing the historical development of psychology, one should differentiate between basic psychological research, psychological technology, and the structure of institutions. Historical changes of psychology occur slowly and continuously. These continuous changes are obviously a foil for short-term changes that we can refer to as discontinuities. The complex pattern of continuities and discontinuities is based on very different conditions. External and internal causes of the changes in the history of psychology are discussed.

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