scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF PREHISTORIC FISHING IN THE NILE VALLEY

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Van Neer
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Main River ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Future Consumption ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

The available data are reviewed on ichthyofaunas from prehistoric sites along the Nile in Egypt and Sudanese Nubia. Former fishing practices are reconstructed using information derived from species spectra, reconstructed fish sizes, growth increment analysis and fishing implements. It is demonstrated that fishing was initially practised exclusively on the floodplain and that it was limited to a small number of shallow water taxa during Late Palaeolithic times. From the Epipalaeolithic onwards (ca 10000-8000 bp), fishing was also undertaken in the main Nile whereby the number of exploited species increased. Technological innovations allowing the exploitation of the deeper parts of the main river included nets and fish-hooks as well as improved vessels, permitting the capture of larger species from the open water. It is argued that fish must always have been a staple food because the animals seasonally occurring in large numbers on the floodplain were intensively exploited and because these fish could be easily dried for future consumption. Once the fishing grounds also included the main river, fishing was no longer restricted to the flood season, but could also be carried out when the Nile levels were low. Hence the role of fish in the resource scheduling also changed at the transition of Late Palaeolithic to Epipalaeolithic times.

Localization of Intracisternal a Particle Antigens in Neoplastic Cells and Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Thomas T.F. Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Calarco
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Normal Feature

The stage specific appearance of a retravirus, termed the Intracisternal A particle (IAP) is a normal feature of early preimplantation development. To date, all feral and laboratory strains of Mus musculus and even Asian species such as Mus cervicolor and Mus pahari express the particles during the 2-8 cell stages. IAP form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and appear singly or as groups of donut-shaped particles within the cisternae (fig. 1). IAP are also produced in large numbers in several neoplastic cells such as certain plasmacytomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. The role of IAP, either in normal development or in neoplastic behavior, is unknown.

The Role of Industry-Academia Collaborative Research in Mineral Exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Marlatt
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Economic Mineral

ABSTRACT Many people may not be aware of the extent of Kurt Kyser's collaboration with mineral exploration companies through applied research and the development of innovative exploration technologies, starting at the University of Saskatchewan and continuing through the Queen's Facility for Isotope Research. Applied collaborative, geoscientific, industry-academia research and development programs can yield technological innovations that can improve the mineral exploration discovery rates of economic mineral deposits. Alliances between exploration geoscientists and geoscientific researchers can benefit both parties, contributing to the pure and applied geoscientific knowledge base and the development of innovations in mineral exploration technology. Through a collaboration that spanned over three decades, we gained insight into the potential for economic uranium deposits around the world in Canada, Australia, USA, Finland, Russia, Gabon, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Guyana. Kurt, his research team, postdoctoral fellows, and students developed technological innovations related to holistic basin analysis for economic mineral potential, isotopes in mineral exploration, and biogeochemical exploration, among others. In this paper, the business of mineral exploration is briefly described, and some examples of industry-academic collaboration innovations brought forward through Kurt's research are identified. Kurt was a masterful and capable knowledge broker, which is a key criterion for bringing new technologies to application—a grand, curious, credible, patient, and attentive communicator—whether talking about science, business, or life and with first ministers, senior technocrats, peers, board members, first nation peoples, exploration geologists, investors, students, citizens, or friends.

scholarly journals Characterizing Highly Benefited Patients in Randomized Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Charu ◽  
Paul B. Rosenberg ◽  
Lon S. Schneider ◽  
Lea T. Drye ◽  
Lisa Rein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
New Method ◽  
Usual Model ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractPhysicians and patients may choose a certain treatment only if it is predicted to have a large effect for the profile of that patient. We consider randomized controlled trials in which the clinical goal is to identify as many patients as possible that can highly benefit from the treatment. This is challenging with large numbers of covariate profiles, first, because the theoretical, exact method is not feasible, and, second, because usual model-based methods typically give incorrect results. Better, more recent methods use a two-stage approach, where a first stage estimates a working model to produce a scalar predictor of the treatment effect for each covariate profile; and a second stage estimates empirically a high-benefit group based on the first-stage predictor. The problem with these methods is that each of the two stages is usually agnostic about the role of the other one in addressing the clinical goal. We propose a method that characterizes highly benefited patients by linking model estimation directly to the particular clinical goal. It is shown that the new method has the following two key properties in comparison with existing approaches: first, the meaning of the solution with regard to the clinical goal is the same, and second, the value of the solution is the best that can be achieved when using the working model as a predictor, even if that model is incorrect. In the Citalopram for Agitation in Alzheimer’s Disease (CitAD) randomized controlled trial, the new method identifies substantially larger groups of highly benefited patients, many of whom are missed by the standard method.

Beta-Blocker Attenuates Cardiotoxicity Related Anthracycline Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

To summarize the recent trials and studies of the role of beta-blocker on the treatment for cancer patients treated with anthracycline to decrease morbidity and mortality rate. Good management of cancer will result in large numbers of cancer survivors. On the other hand, cancer therapy also has side effects, one of which is cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity could reduce therapy effectiveness, hence, increase disease progression and mortality rate. Anthracyclines is one of the chemotherapy agents with cardiotoxicity as a side effect. Beta-blocker has the ability to reduce cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines usage. Keywords: Beta-blocker; Cardiotoxicity; Anthracyclines

Sugar Rush: Sugar and Science in the British Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Jacoberger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A Site

This article examines the contrasting evolution in sugar refining in Jamaica and Barbados incentivized by Mercantilist policies, changes in labor systems, and competition from foreign sugar revealing the role of Caribbean plantations as a site for experimentation from the eighteenth through mid-nineteenth century. Britain's seventeenth- and eighteenth-century protectionist policies imposed high duties on refined cane-sugar from the colonies, discouraging colonies from exporting refined sugar as opposed to raw. This system allowed Britain to retain control over trade and commerce and provided exclusive sugar sales to Caribbean sugar plantations. Barbadian planters swiftly gained immense wealth and political power until Jamaica and other islands produced competitive sugar. The Jamaica Assembly invested heavily in technological innovations intended to improve efficiency, produce competitive sugar in a market that eventually opened to foreign competition such as sugar beet, and increase profits to undercut losses from duties. They valued local knowledge, incentivizing everyone from local planters to chemists, engineers, and science enthusiasts to experiment in Jamaica and publish their findings. These publications disseminated important findings throughout Britain and its colonies, revealing the significance of the Caribbean as a site for local experimentation and knowledge.

Protozoa abundance, growth, and bacterivory in the water column, on sedimenting particles, and in the sediment of Halifax Harbor

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Novitsky
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Protozoan Grazing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Doubling Times

The role of protozoan grazing in controlling bacterial populations was examined in four microbial habitats in Halifax Harbor, Canada: the water column, setting particles, the sediment–water interface, and the sediment. Large numbers of protozoans were found in all habitats although most (>56%) were small (<5 μm) flagellates. Protozoans larger than 10 μm were rarely observed; protozoans >20 μm were never observed. Protozoans were also observed to a depth of 9 cm below the sediment surface although efforts to culture viable protozoa failed except for the top 1 cm. The use of the metabolic inhibitor cycloheximide with and without colchicine to selectively inhibit eucaryotic metabolism was shown to severely affect procaryotic metabolism in sediment (and presumably particle and water) samples. Using fluorescently labelled bacteria as food, and under optimum conditions, up to 42% of the Protozoa population exhibited active grazing within 7 h. Using protozoan and bacterial community sizes and doubling times, it was calculated that each protozoan in Halifax Harbor would have to consume 13–118 bacteria per hour for the enumerated nanoplanktonic (<20 μm) Protozoa to be the sole control of the size of the bacterial community. Key words: marine, Protozoa, bacterivory, particles, bacteria.

Illness and Mortality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golfo Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Health Data ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Reported Health

This chapter discusses the role of the Gulag medical-sanitation department. Their task was not necessarily to keep prisoners healthy, but to maximize exploitation and minimize “labor losses.” The Gulag routinely reported health data under the heading “illness and lost labor.” Inmate health was only relevant as it impacted production. The Stalinist leadership established quotas on illnesses and deaths, and would not tolerate large numbers of non-working prisoners. The Stalinist leadership called this “labor therapy,” and believed in work as the key to convalescence. Although sickness, emaciation, and disability were widespread, Gulag officials concealed their existence. In the Gulag, illness was widespread, yet it remained largely untreated, concealed, and even criminalized.

scholarly journals RURAL IRONWORKING CRAFT IN THE MEDIEVAL RUSSIA PRODUCTION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-383
Author(s):  
В. И. Завьялов ◽  
Н. Н. Терехова
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Production System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Culture

Получить полноценную характеристику производственной культуры Древней Руси невозможно без изучения роли сельского ремесла. Многофакторный анализ археометаллографических данных позволил сделать вывод о том, что сельское ремесленное производство представляло гораздо более сложное явление, чем виделось ранее. Древнерусское село не только служило поставщиком сырья в городские ремесленные центры и производило простую в технологическом отношении продукцию, но и воспринимало технологические инновации. Сельские мастера сами могли производить качественные кузнечные изделия и снабжали ими ближайшую округу. It is not possible to obtain full characteristics of the Medieval Russia production culture without examining the role of rural crafts. Multivariate analysis of archaeometallographic data made it possible to conclude that rural crafts were a much more sophisticated phenomenon than previously thought. A village in Medieval Russia not only supplied raw materials to craft centers and manufactured technologically simple products but also adopted technological innovations. Rural craftsmen were able to produce high-quality blacksmith products and supplied them to the nearby population.

scholarly journals Interações em blog sobre Astronomia: inovações tecnológicas, motivação, apropriação de conceitos e linguagem científica

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Augusto Spina ◽  
Noemi Sutil ◽  
Marcos Antonio Florczak
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Fundamental Education ◽  
Learning Modes ◽  
Role Of Teachers

Resumo: Educação em ciências pode ser associada à formação de sujeitos para problematização e construção conjunta. Essa formação demanda a apropriação de conceitos e de linguagem científica para proposições concernentes à ciência e tecnologia. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho, são apresentadas considerações sobre interações em blog sobre Astronomia envolvendo estudantes de Ensino Fundamental, na disciplina de Ciências, em instituição escolar paranaense, entre 2012 e 2015. Esta pesquisa possui fundamentos na teoria da aprendizagem significativa, destacando as modalidades de aprendizagem representacional, de conceitos e proposicional. Os dados foram constituídos por 516 conjuntos de registros, realizados pelos estudantes, pelo professor e outros participantes em blog. Os dados foram analisados considerando características e pressupostos de Análise de Conteúdo. Entre os resultados, podem ser ressaltados indícios de motivação, apropriação de conceitos e de linguagem científica. Destaca-se o papel do blog para ampliação de espaços de comunicação e aprendizagem, expressões de interesses e de relações conceituais. Ressalta-se, ainda, o compromisso docente, no que concerne às inovações tecnológicas, para o estabelecimento e manutenção do diálogo na educação em ciências. Palavras-chave: Ensino de ciências. Tecnologias educacionais. Aprendizagem significativa. INTERACTIONS IN BLOG ABOUT ASTRONOMY: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, MOTIVATION, APPROPRIATION OF CONCEPTS AND SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE Abstract: Science education can be related to the development of individuals able to problem-pose and carry out joint constructions. This development demands the appropriation of concepts and scientific language so to produce propositions concerning science and technology. In this sense, this work presents some considerations about interactions in a blog about Astronomy with the involvement of students of Fundamental Education, in the discipline of Sciences, in a school in Paraná, from 2012 to 2015. This research is based on the meaningful learning theory, highlighting  representational, of concepts and propositional learning modes. Data is constituted by 516 sets of records in a blog, made by students, teacher and other participants. Data was analyzed considering characteristics and assumptions of Content Analysis. Among the results, some indicators of motivation, appropriation of concepts and scientific language can be highlighted. Blog's role increasing spaces for communication and learning, expressions of interests and conceptual relations is emphasized. Concerning technological innovations, the role of teachers,  establishing and maintaining a dialogue in science education is also highlighted. Keywords: Science education. Educational technologies. Meaningful learning. 

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