scholarly journals Yes, no, maybe, I don’t know: Complexity and application of abstract argumentation with incomplete knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Mailly

Abstract argumentation, as originally defined by Dung, is a model that allows the description of certain information about arguments and relationships between them: in an abstract argumentation framework (AF), the agent knows for sure whether a given argument or attack exists. It means that the absence of an attack between two arguments can be interpreted as “we know that the first argument does not attack the second one”. But the question of uncertainty in abstract argumentation has received much attention in the last years. In this paper, we survey approaches that allow to express information like “There may (or may not) be an attack between these arguments”. We describe the main models that incorporate qualitative uncertainty (or ignorance) in abstract argumentation, as well as some applications of these models. We also highlight some open questions that deserve some attention in the future.

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI AMENDOLA ◽  
FRANCESCO RICCA

AbstractIn the last years, abstract argumentation has met with great success in AI, since it has served to capture several non-monotonic logics for AI. Relations between argumentation framework (AF) semantics and logic programming ones are investigating more and more. In particular, great attention has been given to the well-known stable extensions of an AF, that are closely related to the answer sets of a logic program. However, if a framework admits a small incoherent part, no stable extension can be provided. To overcome this shortcoming, two semantics generalizing stable extensions have been studied, namely semi-stable and stage. In this paper, we show that another perspective is possible on incoherent AFs, called paracoherent extensions, as they have a counterpart in paracoherent answer set semantics. We compare this perspective with semi-stable and stage semantics, by showing that computational costs remain unchanged, and moreover an interesting symmetric behaviour is maintained.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. e16
Author(s):  
Sergio Alejandro Gómez

We present an approach for performing instance checking in possibilistic description logic programming ontologies by accruing arguments that support the membership of individuals to concepts. Ontologies are interpreted as possibilistic logic programs where accruals of arguments as regarded as vertexes in an abstract argumentation framework. A suitable attack relation between accruals is defined. We present a reasoning framework with a case study and a Java-based implementation for enacting the proposed approach that is capable of reasoning under Dung’s grounded semantics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Yuswa Istikomayanti ◽  
Zuni Mitasari

Ethnic and natural environments coexist together. However, along with the development of modernization to various corners of the region also makes challenges for indigenous peoples to remain in the future. The purpose of this study is to describe ethnobotany values ​​in the Sumba millennial generation and to examine the socio-ecological aspects as a new perspective in ethnobotany studies. Sumba millennials are students of the Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University who are regional children who still live with a cultural environment, especially the Sumba area, East Nusa Tenggara. Through questionnaires, open questions and in-depth interviews with key respondents, it can be assessed the extent to which cultural values ​​exist in the Sumba millennial generation who have received education and modern life. Socio-ecological studies are important to be carried out as a perspective in making various policy directions. Particularly in the direction of education, selection, and determination of customary values ​​and how efforts to conserve them become co-existent ethnicities and environments. The results obtained by most of the millennial generation still hold customary values ​​in their daily behavior. This aspect is reflected in the use of traditional medicine, skills in weaving, natural coloring, eating betel-nut, and positive perceptions of the preservation of its culture in the future.  Keywords:Ethnobotany, Indonesia, Milenial, Sumba, Socio-Ecology ABSTRAK Etnis dan lingkungan alam hidup berdampingan. Namun, dengan seiring berkembangnya modernisasi hingga ke berbagai pelosok daerah juga menjadikan tantangan untuk masyarakat adat tetap bertahan di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai etnobotani pada generasi milenial Sumba serta mengkaji aspek sosio-ekologi sebagai perspektif baru dalam kajian etnobotani. Milenial Sumba yaitu mahasiswa Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi yang merupakan anak daerah yang masih hidup dengan lingkungan kebudayaan khususnya daerah Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Melalui kuesioner, pertanyaan terbuka serta wawancara mendalam pada responden kunci dapat dikaji sejauh mana nilai-nilai kebudayaan yang ada pada generasi milenial Sumba yang telah mengenyam pendidikan dan kehidupan modern di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kajian sosio-ekologi menjadi penting untuk dilakukan sebagai perspektif dalam pengambilan arah berbagai kebijakan. Khususnya dalam arah pendidikan, pemilihan, dan penentuan nilai-nilai adat dan bagaimana upaya pelestariannya menjadi etnis dan lingkungan yang saling berdampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh sebagian besar generasi milenial masih memegang nilai adat dalam perilakunya sehari-hari. Aspek tersebut tercermin dalam penggunaan obat tradisional, keterampilan menenun, mewarnai secara alami, makan sirih-pinang, serta persepsi positif terhadap kelestarian budayanya di masa depan. Kata kunci: etnobotani, Indonesia, milenial, Sumba, Sosio-Ekologi


Author(s):  
Bruno Moslavac

Tumbler is a service provided for cryptocurrencies in cases when anonymity is endangered and the owner of virtual “coins” can be traced. Legality of cryptocurrency tumblers can be described as a “grey zone”, for the reason that not even cryptovalues are legalized and “mixing” in tumblers is a special treatment of it. In this paper author by analytical method, by descriptive method and by comparative method explores and displays the all open questions of cryptocurrency tumblers, conducting their legality, legalization and especially potential criminalization in the future. Finally, the author concludes that legality, legalization and criminalization are firmly connected, interdependent and legislators worldwide should de lege ferenda pay extreme caution during tumbler legalization, especially for the purpose of later criminalization.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Juma Zagood

This empirical study discusses the challenges faced by interpreting students at the Department of Translation and Interpreting Studies at the Libyan Academy in Tripoli. It attempts to answer the following question: what is the students’ perspective on the teaching of interpreting at the Libyan Academy? To answer the aforementioned question, a questionnaire has been designed for the aim of identifying the challenges encountered by students of interpreting courses at the Libyan Academy. The questionnaire that consists of closed statements and open questions was given to twelve students who passed the interpreting courses. The questionnaire is designed to include questions about the course structure; materials; the division between theory, methodology and practice; and speeches and audios interpreted. The open questions allowed students to express their views regarding the challenges they faced and the possible future improvements. The findings showed that there are some challenges of interpreting teaching from the students’ perspectives. These challenges include the way the courses are divided between theory, methodology, and practice; speeches selected for consecutive interpreting practice, recordings selected for simultaneous interpreting practice, shortage of time slots given to students for practice, out-date lab equipment, and lack of real-life situations where students can practice liaison interpreting. At its conclusion, the significance of this study relies in the suggestion of some recommendations to overcome the challenges raised with the aim of improving interpreting teaching at the Libyan Academy in the future.


Author(s):  
Andreas Herzig ◽  
Antonio Yuste Ginel

We introduce a multi-agent, dynamic extension of abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs), strongly inspired by epistemic logic, where agents have only partial information about the conflicts between arguments. These frameworks can be used to model a variety of situations. For instance, those in which agents have bounded logical resources and therefore fail to spot some of the actual attacks, or those where some arguments are not explicitly and fully stated (enthymematic argumentation). Moreover, we include second-order knowledge and common knowledge of the attack relation in our structures (where the latter accounts for the state of the debate), so as to reason about different kinds of persuasion and about strategic features. This version of multi-agent AFs, as well as their updates with public announcements of attacks (more concretely, the effects of these updates on the acceptability of an argument) can be described using S5-PAL, a well-known dynamic-epistemic logic. We also discuss how to extend our proposal to capture arbitrary higher-order attitudes and uncertainty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-86
Author(s):  
Florian Pausinger

AbstractThe intriguing search for permutations that generate generalised van der Corput sequences with exceptionally small discrepancy forms an important part of the research work of Henri Faure. On the occasion of Henri’s 80th birthday we aim to survey (some of) his contributions over the last four decades which considerably improved our understanding of one-dimensional van der Corput sequences and inspired a lot of related work. We recall and compare the different approaches in the search for generalised van der Corput sequences with low discrepancy, i.e., using a single generating permutation versus using a sequence of permutations. Throughout, we collect, sharpen and extend open questions which all stem from the extensive work of Henri and his coworkers and which will hopefully inspire more work in the future.


Author(s):  
Gianvincenzo Alfano ◽  
Sergio Greco ◽  
Francesco Parisi ◽  
Irina Trubitsyna

Extensions of Dung’s Argumentation Framework (AF) include the class of Recursive Bipolar AFs (Rec-BAFs), i.e. AFs with recursive attacks and supports. We show that a Rec-BAF \Delta can be translated into a logic program P_\Delta so that the extensions of \Delta under different semantics coincide with subsets of the partial stable models of P_\Delta.


Author(s):  
Mauro Vallati ◽  
Federico Cerutti ◽  
Massimiliano Giacomin

Abstract In this paper, we describe how predictive models can be positively exploited in abstract argumentation. In particular, we present two main sets of results. On one side, we show that predictive models are effective for performing algorithm selection in order to determine which approach is better to enumerate the preferred extensions of a given argumentation framework. On the other side, we show that predictive models predict significant aspects of the solution to the preferred extensions enumeration problem. By exploiting an extensive set of argumentation framework features—that is, values that summarize a potentially important property of a framework—the proposed approach is able to provide an accurate prediction about which algorithm would be faster on a given problem instance, as well as of the structure of the solution, where the complete knowledge of such structure would require a computationally hard problem to be solved. Improving the ability of existing argumentation-based systems to support human sense-making and decision processes is just one of the possible exploitations of such knowledge obtained in an inexpensive way.


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