scholarly journals A Flexible 4D Printing Service Platform for Smart Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglei Ji ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Xi Vincent Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Service Platform ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Visual Monitoring System ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
Manufacturing Environments

With the extensive application of 3D printing (3DP) in smart manufacturing, 4D printing (4DP), which enhances 3D printed objects with shape morphing ability by using smart materials, has shown significant industrial potential and attracted tremendous attention. One key concern of 4DP is how to effectively and quickly meet different production and application requirements considering the complexity of materials and diversity of stimulus methods. In order to provide a general research platform for 4DP researchers, a flexible 4DP service platform is proposed. Components and modules for building 4DP and test systems are modeled and virtualized to form the different resources. These resources are then integrated virtually or physically to provide some basic functions such as a 3D displacement stage or a visual monitoring system. According to different 4DP requirements, these functions are then encapsulated into services to serve different research. The platform enables a variety of 4DP applications in smart manufacturing environments such as 4D printed magnetic medical robots, test platform for studying the 4DP response, etc. A case study on designing a ferromagnetic 4DP platform based on the service platform is performed to prove the feasibility of the method.

scholarly journals 4D Printing: The Dawn of “Smart” Drug Delivery Systems and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Ahmar Khan ◽  
Mir Javid Iqbal ◽  
Saima Amin ◽  
Humaira Bilal ◽  
, Bilquees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

With the approval of first 3D printed drug “spritam” by USFDA, 3D printing is gaining acceptance in healthcare, engineering and other aspects of life. Taking 3D printing towards the next step gives birth to what is referred to as “4D printing”. The full credit behind the unveiling of 4D printing technology in front of the world goes to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who revealed “time” in this technology as the fourth dimension.  4D printing is a renovation of 3D printing wherein special materials (referred to as smart materials) are incorporated which change their morphology post printing in response to a stimulus. Depending upon the applicability of this technology, there may be a variety of stimuli, most common among them being pH, water, heat, wind and other forms of energy.  The upper hand of 4D printing over 3D printing is that 3D printed structures are generally immobile, rigid and inanimate whereas 4D printed structures are flexible, mobile and able to interact with the surrounding environment based on the stimulus. This capability of 4D printing to transform 3D structures into smart structures in response to various stimuli promises a great potential for biomedical and bioengineering applications. The potential of 4D printing in developing pre-programmed biomaterials that can undergo transformations lays new foundations for enabling smart pharmacology, personalized medicine, and smart drug delivery, all of which can help in combating diseases in a smarter way. Hence, the theme of this paper is about the potential of 4D printing in creating smart drug delivery, smart pharmacology, targeted drug delivery and better patient compliance. The paper highlights the recent advancements of 4D printing in healthcare sector and ways by which 4D printing is doing wonders in creating smart drug delivery and tailored medicine. The major constraints in the approach have also been highlighted. Keywords: 4D printing, smart, drug delivery system, patient compliance, biomaterials, tailored medicine

Functional applications of 4D printing: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Shankar Mohol ◽  
Varun Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose Additive manufacturing has rapidly developed in terms of technology and its application in various types of industries. With this rapid development, there has been significant research in the area of materials. This has led to the invention of Smart Materials (SMs). The 4D printing is basically 3D printing of these SMs. This paper aims to focus on novel materials and their useful application in various industries using the technology of 4D printing. Design/methodology/approach Research studies in 4D printing have increased since the time when this idea was first introduced in the year 2013. The present research study will deeply focus on the introduction to 4D printing, types of SMs and its application based on the various types of stimulus. The application of each type of SM has been explained along with its functioning with respect to the stimulus. Findings SMs have multiple functional applications pertaining to appropriate industries. The 4D printed parts have a distinctive capability to change its shape and self-assembly to carry out a specific function according to the requirement. Afterward, the fabricated part can recover to its 3D printed “memorized” shape once it is triggered by the stimulus. Originality/value The present study highlights the various capabilities of SMs, which is used as a raw material in 4D printing. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Light activation of 3D-printed structures: from millimeter to sub-micrometer scale

Nanophotonics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Yeub Jeong ◽  
Soo-Chan An ◽  
Young Chul Jun
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micrometer Scale

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of complex, highly customizable structures, which are difficult to fabricate using conventional fabrication methods. Recently, the concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing has emerged, which adds active and responsive functions to 3D-printed structures. Deployable or adaptive structures with desired structural and functional changes can be fabricated using 4D printing; thus, 4D printing can be applied to actuators, soft robots, sensors, medical devices, and active and reconfigurable photonic devices. The shape of 3D-printed structures can be transformed in response to external stimuli, such as heat, light, electric and magnetic fields, and humidity. Light has unique advantages as a stimulus for active devices because it can remotely and selectively induce structural changes. There have been studies on the light activation of nanomaterial composites, but they were limited to rather simple planar structures. Recently, the light activation of 3D-printed complex structures has attracted increasing attention. However, there has been no comprehensive review of this emerging topic yet. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the light activation of 3D-printed structures. First, we introduce representative smart materials and general shape-changing mechanisms in 4D printing. Then, we focus on the design and recent demonstration of remote light activation, particularly detailing photothermal activations based on nanomaterial composites. We explain the light activation of 3D-printed structures from the millimeter to sub-micrometer scale.

scholarly journals 3D and 4D Printing of Multistable Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7254
Author(s):  
Hoon Yeub Jeong ◽  
Soo-Chan An ◽  
Yeonsoo Lim ◽  
Min Ji Jeong ◽  
Namhun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Strained Layers ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex structures that are difficult to realize with other conventional methods. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed components, which can respond to various environmental stimuli. This review introduces recent ideas in 3D and 4D printing of mechanical multistable structures. Three-dimensional printing of multistable structures can enable highly reconfigurable components, which can bring many new breakthroughs to 3D printing. By adopting smart materials in multistable structures, more advanced functionalities and enhanced controllability can also be obtained in 4D printing. This could be useful for various smart and programmable actuators. In this review, we first introduce three representative approaches for 3D printing of multistable structures: strained layers, compliant mechanisms, and mechanical metamaterials. Then, we discuss 4D printing of multistable structures that can help overcome the limitation of conventional 4D printing research. Lastly, we conclude with future prospects.

scholarly journals Review of Polymeric Materials in 4D Printing Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-You Shie ◽  
Yu-Fang Shen ◽  
Suryani Dyah Astuti ◽  
Alvin Kai-Xing Lee ◽  
Shu-Hsien Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Current Application ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of 4D printing is to embed a product design into a deformable smart material using a traditional 3D printer. The 3D printed object can be assembled or transformed into intended designs by applying certain conditions or forms of stimulation such as temperature, pressure, humidity, pH, wind, or light. Simply put, 4D printing is a continuum of 3D printing technology that is now able to print objects which change over time. In previous studies, many smart materials were shown to have 4D printing characteristics. In this paper, we specifically review the current application, respective activation methods, characteristics, and future prospects of various polymeric materials in 4D printing, which are expected to contribute to the development of 4D printing polymeric materials and technology.

4D printing technology, modern era: A short review

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Khodadad Mostakim ◽  
Nahid Imtiaz Masuk ◽  
Md. Rakib Hasan ◽  
Md. Shafikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Novel Material

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

scholarly journals A DIN Spec 91345 RAMI 4.0 Compliant Data Pipelining Model: An Approach to Support Data Understanding and Data Acquisition in Smart Manufacturing Environments

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 223114-223129
Author(s):  
Kevin Nagorny ◽  
Sebastian Scholze ◽  
Armando Walter Colombo ◽  
Jose Barata Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Environments

scholarly journals 4D Printing of Highly Printable and Shape Morphing Hydrogels Consisted of Alginate and Methylcellulose

2021 ◽  
pp. 109699
Author(s):  
Jiahui Lai ◽  
Xinliang Ye ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Junzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
4D Printing ◽  
Shape Morphing

Decision Support for Smart Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Marzieh Khakifirooz ◽  
Mahdi Fathi ◽  
Panos M. Pardalos ◽  
Daniel J. Power
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Advanced Information Technology ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Environments

This work introduces a formation and variety of decision-making models based on operations research modeling and optimization techniques in smart manufacturing environments. Unlike traditional manufacturing, the goal of Smart manufacturing is to optimizing concept generation, production, and product transaction and enable flexibility in physical processes to address a dynamic, competitive and global supply chains by using intelligent computerized control, advanced information technology, smart manufacturing technologies and high levels of adaptability. While research in the broad area of smart manufacturing and its challenges in decision making encompasses a wide range of topics and methodologies, we believe this chapter provides a good snapshot of current quantitative modeling approaches, issues, and trends within the field. The chapter aims to provide insights into the system engineering design, emphasizing system requirements analysis and specification, the use of alternative analytical methods and how systems can be evaluated.

Making IoT Run

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Peter Schott ◽  
Torben Schaft ◽  
Stefan Thomas ◽  
Freimut Bodendorf
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Manufacturing Environments ◽  
Self Learning

This article describes how today's manufacturing environments are characterized by an increasing demand for individual products and constantly more product variants. Concomitant, developments in the fields of IT, robotics and artificial intelligence allow the realization of smart systems, which means networked, self-learning, self-regulating and versatile production systems to control this complexity. These developments are referred to as industrial IoT that is acknowledged as “next big thing” in production. Firms face the challenge of lacking guidelines for implementing IoT solutions. Neither the technological prerequisites nor generally applicable procedures for realizing an appropriate technological maturity level of the system-to-be exist. Addressing this deficit, a framework is introduced which systematically implements IoT within manufacturing. The framework presents a guideline for the establishment of structural system understanding, the determination of the target system's technological maturity level from a customer's perspective and, building on this, design implications for smart manufacturing.

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