KINETIC INDICATORS OF TRAINING METHODS AND SELECTION OF YOUNG ROWERS

Modern diagnostics in rowing enables more and more possibilities for recording, and comparing numerous stroke variables. At the same time, many coaches fall into the trap of strict respect for the prescribed norms, ratios, and temporarily results, which the athlete must achieve if he wants to stay in the world of competitive rowing. On the example of the comparison of rowing schools RC "Danubius" and RC "Partizan", descriptive indicators are on the side of RC "Danubius" at a time of 2000m, average force and average power. No significant differences were found in average force (sig = 0,167) between rowers of RC "Danubius" and RC "Partizan", while statistically significant differences were recorded in time at 2000m (sig = 0,036) and power (sig = 0,02) in favor of rowers of RC “Danubius”. On the other hand, a higher correlation of average force (-0,955) and power (-0,928) with time on 2000m was achieved by RC "Partizan" than RC "Danubius" (-0,931) and (-0,896). The correlation between the average force, and the average power within one team shows a higher correlation for RC “Partizan" (0,95) compared to RC "Danubius" (0,755). The obtained results are not enough for single rower or crew elimination from competition to recreational section in the process of too frequent and strict selection of rowers, considering different possible ways of building rowing techniques and numerous parasitic factors that may affect measured variables, specialy at the age under 14 and novice rowers in general.

RELATIONS OF MOTOR ABILITY OF BALANCE AND SUCCESS OF PERFORMANCE OF GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS ON THE FLOOR EXERCISE

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between motor ability for balance and the performance of selected gymnastic elements on the floor in students aged 7-8 years, to provide an overview of the current motor status of the respondents at this age, and to develop suggestions for possible changes in the curriculum at this age, and to develop suggestions for supplementing training methodology. Training of selected gymnastics elements was conducted on a sample of 42 subjects who had no previous experience in performing gymnastics elements during regular physical education classes, and the predictor variable was tested using four tests assessing motor balance ability. The tests assessing motor balance ability showed a statistically significant predictive value for the performance of all three gymnastics exercises. It is noticeable that the value of the prediction model increased the more complex an item was derived, indicating the complexity of the motor balance space and the high and stable level of the same in the subjects at the time of testing. Regarding the tests used, it can be noted that the test FLAM was significantly involved in the prediction of performance success in all three gymnastic elements, while the other two tests showed their predictive value in the execution of the hand stand. On the other hand, the study shows that the gymnastic elements used should be used in physical education classes to contribute to the promotion and development of all motor skills of students and as part of the preparation for the execution of more complex elements on the floor and apparatus in higher grades.

CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OF ALPINE SKI MEDAL WINNERS IN THE 2015-2018 OLYMPIC CYCLE

Personal motivation, as well as engagement in alpine skiing, brought the authors to inspect the differences in average chronological age of alpine skiers, and to present the results to the professional public, in order to improve planning and programming of the training process. The paper analyzed the average chronological age of medal winning professional alpine skiers in the World Cups in the 2015-2018 Olympic cycle. The following alpine disciplines were analyzed: Slalom (SL), Giant Slalom (GS), Super-G (SG), Downhill (DH) and Alpine Combination (AC). The obtained results indicate that there was a significant difference in the average chronological age between male and female competitors. The results of the present study show that there were differences in GS, SG, DH, and AC, where male skiers are on average older than female skiers. Conversely, there was no significant difference between male and female skiers in SL. The results of this study could aid coaches and experts in future years of individual management of sports careers of male and female skiers.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL PREPARATION AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN POWER LIFTERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS OF HIGH QUALIFICATION

Systematic overload, which is a training characteristic of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification has a negative impact on the functioning of body systems and the course of the underlying and comorbidities. This determines the relevance of the scientific substantiation of training programs for athletes with visual impairments as the most important component of ensuring the achievement of sports results in powerlifting. This study aimed to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the impact of various training programs on physical fitness and athletic performance of powerlifters with visual impairments of high qualification. To solve the goal we used methods of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 16 visually impaired athletes who were members of the national powerlifting team. The pedagogical experiment was based on testing the effectiveness of two training programs, which differed in the parameters of the load components in the annual training and macrocycle periods. After the pedagogical experiment, the experimental group showed reliable indicators of growth on all tests and improvement of sports results, and athletes of the control group increased physical fitness in three tests out of five and sports results are available only in squat and bench press. In both groups, the highest growth rates in the level of development of physical qualities were found in tests aimed at determining the level of development of strength and flexibility. Comparing the results of the introduction of various training programs in the training process of powerlifters with visual impairments, we can conclude that the performance of the experimental group is much higher than among the powerlifters of the control group.

HRONOLOŠKA STAROST ALPSKIH SKIJAŠA I SKIJAŠICA OSVAJAČA MEDALJA U OLIMPIJSKOM CIKLUSU 2015-2018

Lična motivacija, kao i angažovanje i rad u skijanju naveli su autore da istraže razlike u prosečnoj hronološkoj starosti skijaša i skijašica kao i da stručnoj javnosti prezentuju rezultate u cilju uspešnijeg planiranja i programiranja trenažnog procesa. U radu je analizirana prosečna hronološka starost profesionalnih alpskih skijaša i skijašica, osvajača medalja na Svetskim kupovima, u olimpijskom ciklusu 2015–2018. Analizirane su sledeće alpske discipline: Slalom SL, Vleleslalom GS, Super G SG, Spust DH i Alpska kombinacija AC. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da postoji statsitički značajna razlika u prosečnoj hronološkoj starosti između skijaša i skijašica. Pri tome, može se uočiti da postoje značajne razlike u disciplinama GS, SG, DH i AC, gde su skijaši stariji u proseku od skijašica. Nasuprot tome, u disciplini SL nije bilo značajnih razlika u hronološkoj starosti skijaša i skijašica. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pomoći trenerima i stručnjacima u višegodišnjem individualnom upravljanju sportske karijere skijaša i skijašica.

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL RISK FACTORS ON ALPINE SKIING INJURIES IN RECREATIONAL SKIERS

The main goal of this study was to identify potential external risk factors for injury in recreational skiers through a survey questionnaire. Subjects were divided into injured skiers and a control group who never had an injury. Injured skiers (N=212) answered questions that helped define potential risk factors. The control group (N=206) completed the same questionnaire but without questions about injury. Common questions were used to determine the possibility of injury using Chi-Square test, and additional questions were used to determine the influence on injury severity using Fisher’s test. An analysis of external factors showed that formal ski school was not statistically related to the possibility and severity of injury, but significantly increased knowledge of skiing. Skiing with another person did not decrease the possibility of injury but did increase the severity of injury. Visibility, field of vision, condition of the slope, temperature, and weather conditions are not statistically related to injury severity, but when combined, they could be an important factor in the possibility of injury.

INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE PROGRAM CONTENT ON ELDERLY PERSONS WITH DIABETES MELITUS TIP 2

The research included seven original scientific papers. All of them addressed the main problem and could give an adequate answer. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exercise content on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the importance of this activity on the health of people with this problem. The selection of works from 2002 to 2019 was taken as a method. We conclude that the physical activity of people with DM is partially limited due to the specificity of the disease. Special attention should be paid to side effects, especially hypoglycemia. Exercise frequency should be at least three days a week for aerobic activities and two days a week for resistance activities. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased, glycemic control in this population is more difficult to achieve. The goals of DM management in the elderly should be set differently for each patient.

MORFOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE I FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI UČENIKA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE

Osnovni cilј istraživanja je bio utvrditi da li postoje razlike u rastu i razvoju i funkcionalnim sposobnostima između učenika i učenica. Za procenu rasta i razvoja i funkcionalnih sposobnosti učenika primenjeni su sledeći parametri: telesna visina, telesna masa, indeks telesne mase, vitalni kapacitet pluća, puls u miru, puls posle opterećenja i index modifikovanog Harvardskog step-testa. Rezultati multivarijantne analize (MANOVA) pokazali su da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između učenika i učenica u analiziranim varijablama za procenu rasta i razvoja i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Statistički značajna razlika univarijantnom analizom varijanse (ANOVA) utvrđena je samo u varijablama puls posle opterećenja (F=8.36; p=.004) i indeksu modifikovanog Harvardskog step testa (F=6.67; p=.011) u korist učenika. Upoređujući rezultate nekih ranijih i sadašnjih istraživanja, može se zaklјučiti da aktuelni program fizičkog vežbanja ne daje želјene rezultate i ne doprinosi u dovolјnoj meri pobolјšanju funkcionalnih sposobnosti učenika i učenica mlađeg školskog uzrasta.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main aim of the study is to establish whether there are any differences in growth and development of functional abilities between boys and girls. For the evaluation of functional abilities, growth and development in students the following parameters have been used: height, body mass, body mass index, vital lung capacity, resting heart rate, active heart rate and modified Harvard step test index. The results of multivariate analysis (MANOVA) have shown that there is no statistically significant difference between male and female students. A statistically significant difference has been found by means of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) in active hearth rate variables (F=8.36; p=.004) and modified Harvard step test index (F=6.67; p=.011) in favor of male students. Comparing the results obtained in the earlier and recent studies it can be concluded that the current physical exercise program does not produce desired results, furthermore it does not contribute nor does it improve functional abilities of male and female younger elementary school students.

INFLUENCE OF COVID 19 ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS OF PROFESSIONAL HANDBALL PLAYERS

Handball is one of the very popular sports games in the world. The current COVID 19 pandemic directly affects handball players in the training and competition processes from all age categories but professional players seem to be at a higher risk of contracting the disease. This study aimed to assess morphological and cardiovascular status of 20 participants, professional handball players who compete at elite competition rank, and therewith to adjust their training process and to test the differences between COVID 19 positive and COVID 19 negative participants. Testing included measurements of basic morphological parameters while the function of the cardiovascular system (CVS) was assessed at rest and effort - exercise stress test with Vita Maxima protocol. The results of t-test did not show a statistically significant difference in morphological and cardiovascular characteristics of participants who had COVID 19 infection (with a positive PCR test), who had symptoms of infection but no PCR test for the virus, and those who did not contract COVID 19.