Immediate changes in chest mobility and trunk muscle activity during pelvic tilt following different trunk muscle exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kazuma Uebayashi ◽  
Yu Okubo ◽  
Takuya Nishikawa ◽  
Taro Morikami ◽  
Jindo Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Increased Activity

BACKGROUND: Given the characteristics of the superficial trunk muscles that cross the chest and pelvis, their excessive contraction might limit chest mobility. OBJECTIVE: To examine the immediate effects of two types of trunk muscle exercises on chest mobility and trunk muscle activities. METHODS: Fourteen healthy men (age: 21.1 ± 1.0 years, height: 172.7 ± 5.6 cm, weight: 61.0 ± 7.1 kg, body mass index: 20.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2; mean ± SD) randomly performed trunk side flexion and draw-in exercises using a cross-over design. The chest kinematic data and trunk muscle activities were measured before and after each intervention during the following tasks: maximum inspiration/expiration and maximum pelvic anterior/posterior tilt while standing. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (P< 0.05). RESULTS: After the side flexion, upper and lower chest mobility significantly decreased, and superficial trunk muscle activity significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). Additionally, after the draw-in, upper chest mobility significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased activity of the superficial abdominal muscles might limit chest mobility during maximum pelvic anterior tilt. Conversely, the facilitation of deep trunk muscles might increase upper chest mobility during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt.

Effect of Breathing, Pressure and Posture on Palatoglossal and Genioglossal Tone

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Mathur ◽  
Ian L. Mortimore ◽  
Mohammed A. Jan ◽  
Neil J. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Dilator Muscle ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inspiratory Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

1. Patency of the upper airway is critical to respiration. Although about half of patients with the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome obstruct their upper airway at the retropalatal level, the respiratory actions of the palatal muscles have been little studied. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that the nasopharyngeal dilator muscle palatoglossus is activated during inspiration and by negative pressure. 2. Using intramuscular wire electrodes inserted perorally, we have compared the response of palatoglossus and genioglossus to breathing, posture change and airway negative pressure in 10 normal awake subjects before and after topical anaesthesia. The results are expressed as a percentage of maximal electromyogram. Data were analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. 3. Inspiratory activity was exhibited by both genioglossus [inspiratory, 10% ± 2% (SEM); expiratory, 6% ± 1%, P = 0.001] and palatoglossus (inspiratory, 16% ± 5%, expiratory, 10% ± 3%, P = 0.016), but only genioglossus exhibited increased activity on lying (supine 10% ± 2%, erect 6% ± 1% maximum, P = 0.01). 4. One hundred milliseconds after negative pressure application, activity increased in both genioglossus (7% ± 2% and 13% ± 3% respectively, P = 0.02) and palatoglossus (8% ± 2% and 23% ± 6% respectively, P < 0.001). After lignocaine surface anaesthesia to the nose and pharynx both genioglossus and palatoglossus still increased their activity in response to negative upper airway pressure, the extent of the increase being decreased for palatoglossus (P = 0.02) but not for genioglossus. 5. Thus, palatoglossus has respiratory activity and is activated by negative upper airway pressure.

Electromyographic Analysis of Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During Side Bridge Exercises in Subjects With Gluteus Medius Weakness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kyung-eun Lee ◽  
Seung-min Baik ◽  
Chung-hwi Yi ◽  
Oh-yun Kwon ◽  
Heon-seock Cynn
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscles

Context: Side bridge exercises strengthen the hip, trunk, and abdominal muscles and challenge the trunk muscles without the high lumbar compression associated with trunk extension or curls. Previous research using electromyography (EMG) reports that performance of the side bridge exercise highly activates the gluteus medius (Gmed). However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous research has investigated EMG amplitude in the hip and trunk muscles during side bridge exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the EMG activity of the hip and trunk muscles during 3 variations of the side bridge exercise (side bridge, side bridge with knee flexion, and side bridge with knee flexion and hip abduction of the top leg) in subjects with Gmed weakness. Design: Repeated-measures experimental design. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients: Thirty subjects (15 females and 15 males) with Gmed weakness participated in this study. Intervention: Each subject performed 3 variations of the side bridge exercise in random order. Main Outcome Measures: Surface EMG was used to measure the muscle activities of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, longissimus thoracis, multifidus, Gmed, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and Gmed/TFL muscle activity ratio during 3 variations of the side bridge exercise. Results: There were significant differences in Gmed (F2,56 = 110.054, P < .001), gluteus maximus (F2,56 = 36.416, P < .001), and TFL (F2,56 = 108.342, P < .001) muscles among the 3 side bridge exercises. There were significant differences in the Gmed/TFL muscle ratio (F2,56 = 20.738, P < .001). Conclusion: Among 3 side bridge exercises, the side bridge with knee flexion may be effective for the individuals with Gmed weakness among 3 side bridge exercises to strengthen the gluteal muscles, considering the difficulty of the exercise and relative contribution of Gmed and TFL.

Comparison among low intensity bridge exercises using suspension devices based on muscle activity and subjective difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeol Lee ◽  
Se-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Internal Oblique Muscle ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have revealed the advantages of using suspension devices. Although the supine, lateral, and forward leaning bridge exercises are low-intensity exercises with suspension devices, there is a lack of studies directly comparing exercise progression by measuring muscular activity and subjective difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To identify how the variations in the bridge exercise affects trunk muscle activity, the present study investigated changes in neuromuscular activation during low-intensity bridge exercises. We furthermore explored whether the height of the suspension point affects muscle activation and subjective difficulty. METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic male participants were included. Three bridge exercise positions, supine bridge (SB), lateral bridge (LB), forward leaning (FL), and two exercise angles (15 and 30 degrees) were administered, thereby comparing six bridge exercise conditions with suspension devices. Surface electromyography and subjective difficulty data were collected. RESULTS: The rectus abdominis activity was significantly higher with the LB and FL exercises compared with the SB exercise (p< 0.05). The erector spinae muscle activity was significantly higher with the SB and LB exercises, compared with the FL exercise (p< 0.05). The LB exercise significantly increased the internal oblique muscle activity, compared with other exercise variations (p< 0.05). The inclination angle of the exercise only affected the internal oblique muscle and subjective difficulty, which were significantly higher at 30 degrees compared with 15 degrees (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively higher inclination angle was not effective in overall activation of the trunk muscles; however, different bridge-type exercises could selectively activate the trunk muscles. The LB and SB exercises could be good options for stimulating the internal oblique abdominis, and the erector spinae muscle, while the FL exercise could minimize the erector spinae activity and activate the abdominal muscles.

scholarly journals Utility of acute phase proteins as biomarkers of transport stress in ewes and beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
Antonello Cicero ◽  
Stefania Casella ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Transport Stress

The effect of transport on serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), Fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated in 10 ewes and 10 beef cattle. All animals were transported by road for 6 h over a distance of about 490 km with an average speed of 80 km/h. Blood samples, collected via jugular venepuncture, were obtained before and after transport as well as after 12, 24 and 48 h rest time. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of sampling time on SAA, Hp, and WBC in ewes and beef cattle. Based on these results, Hp and SAA levels, together with WBC, may be useful indicators of animal health and welfare and in predicting the risk assessment in meat inspection.

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Static Stretching on Range of Motion and Musculotendinous Viscoelastic Properties Based on a Duration-Matched Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10632
Author(s):  
Kensuke Oba ◽  
Mina Samukawa ◽  
Yosuke Abe ◽  
Yukino Suzuki ◽  
Miho Komatsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Constant Torque ◽  
Resistive Torque ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Musculotendinous Stiffness ◽  
Torque Angle

The different effects of intermittent and continuous stretching on the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex have been unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous stretching for the same duration on the range of motion (ROM), passive resistive torque (PRT), and musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) of ankle plantar flexors. Eighteen healthy young men participated in the study. Intermittent (four sets × 30 s) and continuous stretching (one set × 120 s) were performed in random orders on two separate days. Both stretching protocols were conducted using a dynamometer with a constant torque applied. ROM and PRT were determined using a dynamometer, and MTS was calculated using the torque–angle relationship measured before and after stretching. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for all parameters. Both intermittent and continuous stretching significantly increased ROM and decreased PRT and MTS (p < 0.05). Intermittent stretching led to greater changes in ROM and PRT than continuous stretching. However, the reduction in MTS did not differ between the two conditions. These results suggest that intermittent stretching is more effective in increasing ROM and changing the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex.

scholarly journals Analysis of trunk muscle EMG during rotational motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Seated Balance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rotational Direction

The study of seated balance, specifically for the application of wheelchair users, has been an area of interest for quite some time. Unfortunately, most of the available studies to date have focused on upper limb and shoulder muscles, and little has been done analyzing the activity of trunk muscles (abdominal and back). For the purpose of this study, motorized rotational motion in the forward and backward directions at ±45 degrees was simulated, and the corresponding trunk muscle activity of nine healthy subjects was recorded by surface electromyography (EMG) for eight muscles, including an analysis on the effect of holding on to a harness for support, coupled with the presence of a visual input. The collected raw data was filtered, and the produced results illustrated that the muscle activity was greatest in the forward rotational direction, when the subject was holding on to a harness for support, with visuals present.

Sagittal Plane Kinematics of Passive Dorsiflexion of the Foot in Adolescent Athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Gatt ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
Owen Falzon
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Oxford Foot Model

Background: Although assessment of passive maximum foot dorsiflexion angle is performed routinely, there is a paucity of information regarding adolescents’ foot and foot segment motion during this procedure. There are currently no trials investigating the kinematics of the adolescent foot during passive foot dorsiflexion. Methods: A six-camera optoelectronic motion capture system was used to collect kinematic data using the Oxford Foot Model. Eight female amateur gymnasts 11 to 16 years old (mean age, 13.2 years; mean height, 1.5 m) participated in the study. A dorsiflexing force was applied to the forefoot until reaching maximum resistance with the foot placed in the neutral, pronated, and supinated positions in random order. The maximum foot dorsiflexion angle and the range of movement of the forefoot to hindfoot, tibia to forefoot, and tibia to hindfoot angles were computed. Results: Mean ± SD maximum foot dorsiflexion angles were 36.3° ± 7.2° for pronated, 36.9° ± 4.0° for neutral, and 33.0° ± 4.9° for supinated postures. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance results were nonsignificant among the 3 groups (P = .70), as were the forefoot to tibia angle and hindfoot to tibia angle variations (P = .091 and P = .188, respectively). Forefoot to hindfoot angle increased with the application of force, indicating that in adolescents, the forefoot does not lock at any particular posture as portrayed by the traditional Rootian paradigm. Conclusions: Participants had very flexible foot dorsiflexion, unlike those in another study assessing adolescent athletes. This finding, together with nonsignificant statistical results, implies that foot dorsiflexion measurement may be performed at any foot posture without notably affecting results. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 394–399, 2013)

The Effects of Lifting Posture on Trunk Muscle Activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Hamrick ◽  
Sean Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Trunk muscle activity of twelve healthy males with coal mining experience was examined while each subject lifted a box under various conditions. The independent variables were four levels of posture (kneeling, stooped under a 1.2 m roof, stooped under a 1.6 m roof, and standing), height to which the box was lifted (35 cm or 70 cm), and weight of the lifting box (15 kg, 20 kg, or 25 kg). The dependent variables were the peak EMG values recorded during a lift for each of eight trunk muscles (left and right erectores spinae, left and right latissimus dorsi, left and right external oblique, and left and right rectus abdominis). Posture and weight of lift significantly affected peak activity of the left and right erectores spinae, the left and right latissimus dorsi muscles, and the right external oblique muscle. The latissimus dorsi muscle activity was highest in the low stooping posture, and was lowest in the kneeling posture, while erectores spinae activity was highest in the kneeling posture and decreased as the trunk became more flexed. Thus, the muscle activity during lifting tasks is affected by restricting a worker's posture. Consequently, many lifting guidelines and recommendations currently in use may not be directly applicable to work being performed in restricted postures.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

Effects of postural changes and vestibular lesions on diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity in awake cats

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cotter ◽  
H. E. Arendt ◽  
J. G. Jasko ◽  
C. Sprando ◽  
S. P. Cass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Awake Cats

Changes in posture can affect the resting length of the diaphragm, requiring alterations in the activity of both the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm to maintain stable ventilation. To determine the role of the vestibular system in regulating respiratory muscle discharges during postural changes, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity and modulation of the firing of these muscles during nose-up and ear-down tilt were compared before and after removal of labyrinthine inputs in awake cats. In vestibular-intact animals, nose-up and ear-down tilts from the prone position altered rectus abdominis firing, whereas the effects of body rotation on diaphragm activity were not statistically significant. After peripheral vestibular lesions, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis discharges increased significantly (by ∼170%), and augmentation of rectus abdominis activity during nose-up body rotation was diminished. However, spontaneous muscle activity and responses to tilt began to recover after a few days after the lesions, presumably because of plasticity in the central vestibular system. These data suggest that the vestibular system provides tonic inhibitory influences on rectus abdominis and the diaphragm and in addition contributes to eliciting increases in abdominal muscle activity during some changes in body orientation.

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