scholarly journals Cognition and Daily Functioning: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (SOL) and Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267-1278
Author(s):  
Ariana M. Stickel ◽  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Benson Wu ◽  
Maria J. Marquine ◽  
Priscilla M. Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging

Background: Among older adults, poorer cognitive functioning has been associated with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, IADL impairments among older Hispanics/Latinos is poorly understood. Objective: To characterize the relationships between cognition and risk for IADL impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Participants included 6,292 community-dwelling adults from the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of 45+ year-olds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Cognitive data (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and a Global cognitive composite) were collected at Visit 1. IADL functioning was self-reported 7 years later, and treated as a categorical (i.e., risk) and continuous (i.e., degree) measures of impairment. Survey two-part models (mixture of logit and generalized linear model with Gaussian distribution) and ordered logistic regression tested the associations of cognitive performance (individual tests and composite z-score) with IADL impairment. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background on the association between cognition and IADL impairment. Results: Across all cognitive measures, poorer performance was associated with higher odds of IADL impairment 7 years later. Associations were generally stronger for the oldest group (70+ years) relative to the youngest group (50–59 years). Sex and Hispanic/Latino background did not modify the associations. Across the full sample, lower scores on learning, memory, and the Global cognitive composite were also associated with higher degree of IADL impairment. Conclusion: Across diverse Hispanics/Latinos, cognitive health is an important predictor of everyday functioning 7 years later, especially in older adulthood.

scholarly journals Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos on the Importance of Sociocultural Environmental Interactors: Polygenic Risk Score-by-Immigration and Dietary Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristin E. McArdle ◽  
Hassan Bokhari ◽  
Clinton C. Rodell ◽  
Victoria Buchanan ◽  
Liana K. Preudhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Hispanic Community

Introduction: Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity. Acculturation to US obesogenic diet and practices may lead to an exacerbation of innate genetic susceptibility. We examined the role of gene–environment interactions to better characterize the sociocultural environmental determinants and their genome-scale interactions, which may contribute to missing heritability of obesity. We utilized polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for body mass index (BMI) to perform analyses of PRS-by-acculturation and other environmental interactors among self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).Methods: PRSs were derived using genome-wide association study (GWAS) weights from a publicly available, large meta-analysis of European ancestry samples. Generalized linear models were run using a set of a priori acculturation-related and environmental factors measured at visit 1 (2008–2011) and visit 2 (2014–2016) in an analytic subsample of 8,109 unrelated individuals with genotypic, phenotypic, and complete case data at both visits. We evaluated continuous measures of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. All models were weighted for complex sampling design, combined, and sex-stratified.Results: Overall, we observed a consistent increase of BMI with greater PRS across both visits. We found the best-fitting model adjusted for top five principal components of ancestry, sex, age, study site, Hispanic/Latino background genetic ancestry group, sociocultural factors and PRS interactions with age at immigration, years since first arrival to the United States (p < 0.0104), and healthy diet (p < 0.0036) and explained 16% of the variation in BMI. For every 1-SD increase in PRS, there was a corresponding 1.10 kg/m2 increase in BMI (p < 0.001). When these results were stratified by sex, we observed that this 1-SD effect of PRS on BMI was greater for women than men (1.45 vs. 0.79 kg/m2, p < 0.001).Discussion: We observe that age at immigration and the adoption of certain dietary patterns may play a significant role in modifying the effect of genetic risk on obesity. Careful consideration of sociocultural and immigration-related factors should be evaluated. The role of nongenetic factors, including the social environment, should not be overlooked when describing the performance of PRS or for promoting population health in understudied populations in genomics.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Kaplan ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mykhaylo Usyk ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Martha L. Daviglus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Hispanics living in the USA may have unrecognized potential birthplace and lifestyle influences on the gut microbiome. We report a cross-sectional analysis of 1674 participants from four centers of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), aged 18 to 74 years old at recruitment. Results Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 and fungal ITS1 fragments from self-collected stool samples indicate that the host microbiome is determined by sociodemographic and migration-related variables. Those who relocate from Latin America to the USA at an early age have reductions in Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios that persist across the life course. Shannon index of alpha diversity in fungi and bacteria is low in those who relocate to the USA in early life. In contrast, those who relocate to the USA during adulthood, over 45 years old, have high bacterial and fungal diversity and high Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios, compared to USA-born and childhood arrivals. Low bacterial diversity is associated in turn with obesity. Contrasting with prior studies, our study of the Latino population shows increasing Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio with greater obesity. Taxa within Acidaminococcus, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, YS2 (Cyanobacteria), and Victivallaceae are significantly associated with both obesity and earlier exposure to the USA, while Oscillospira and Anaerotruncus show paradoxical associations with both obesity and late-life introduction to the USA. Conclusions Our analysis of the gut microbiome of Latinos demonstrates unique features that might be responsible for health disparities affecting Hispanics living in the USA.

scholarly journals Actigraphic sleep patterns and cognitive decline in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Agudelo ◽  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Benson Wu ◽  
Douglas M. Wallace ◽  
Sanjay R. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Hispanic Community

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease and Incident CKD in US Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Toth-Manikowski ◽  
Ana C. Ricardo ◽  
Christian R. Salazar ◽  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Tasneem Khambaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hispanic Community

scholarly journals The Role of Stress in Understanding Differences in Sedentary Behavior in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vásquez ◽  
Garrett Strizich ◽  
Linda Gallo ◽  
Simon J. Marshall ◽  
Gina C. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
Sedentary Activities

Background:Chronic stress and/or lifetime traumatic stress can create a self-reinforcing cycle of unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating and sedentary behavior, that can lead to further increases in stress. This study examined the relationship between stress and sedentary behavior in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 4244) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.Methods:Stress was measured as the number of ongoing difficulties lasting 6 months or more and as lifetime exposure to traumatic events. Sedentary behavior was measured by self-report and with accelerometer. Multivariable regression models examined associations of stress measures with time spent in sedentary behaviors adjusting by potential confounders.Results:Those who reported more than one chronic stressor spent, on average, 8 to 10 additional minutes per day in objectively measured sedentary activities (P < .05), whereas those with more than one lifetime traumatic stressor spent (after we adjusted for confounders) 10 to 14 additional minutes in sedentary activities (P < .01) compared with those who did not report any stressors. Statistical interactions between the 2 stress measures and age or sex were not significant.Conclusion:Interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviors might consider incorporating stress reduction into their approaches.

scholarly journals Actigraphic Sleep Patterns of U.S. Hispanics: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

SLEEP ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Dudley ◽  
Jia Weng ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Guido Simonelli ◽  
Elizabeth Cespedes Feliciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Hispanic Community
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